The Degrees of Coronary Heart Disease and the Degrees of New-Onset Blepharitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Participant Selection
2.3. Main Outcome
2.4. Confounding Factors
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical Characteristics | Mild CHD Group (N = 593,048) | Severe CHD Group (N = 296,524) | ASD |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.0000 | ||
Male | 385,810 (65.05%) | 192,905 (65.05%) | |
Female | 207,238 (34.95%) | 103,619 (34.95%) | |
Age | 0.0009 | ||
<40 | 15,667 (2.64%) | 7693 (2.60%) | |
40–49 | 47,793 (8.04%) | 24,844 (8.39%) | |
50–59 | 115,373 (19.45%) | 57,283 (19.32%) | |
60–69 | 178,836 (30.17%) | 88,296 (29.77%) | |
>=70 | 235,379 (39.69%) | 118,408 (39.93%) | |
Occupation | 0.0012 | ||
Government employee | 28,914 (4.90%) | 12,882 (4.32%) | |
Worker | 298,005 (50.23%) | 148,761 (50.20%) | |
Farmer and fisherman | 121,002 (20.45%) | 62,890 (21.22%) | |
Low-income | 7800 (1.28%) | 3557 (1.21%) | |
Others | 137,397 (23.14%) | 68,434 (23.06%) | |
Co-morbidity | |||
Hypertension | 387,379 (65.32%) | 228,264 (76.38%) | 0.0197 |
DM | 179,575 (30.28%) | 129,344 (43.62%) | 0.0362 |
Hyperlipidemia | 252,164 (42.52%) | 172,251 (58.09%) | 0.0276 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 55,035 (9.28%) | 38,044 (12.83%) | 0.0155 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 16,012 (2.70%) | 10,912 (3.68%) | 0.0098 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 6998 (1.18%) | 3884 (1.31%) | 0.0004 |
Sjogren syndrome | 8065 (1.36%) | 4389 (1.44%) | 0.0004 |
Co-medication | |||
Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug | 353,872 (59.67%) | 178,033 (60.04%) | 0.0003 |
Systemic corticosteroids | 106,867 (18.02%) | 64,494 (21.75%) | 0.0034 |
Biguanides | 112,679 (19.00%) | 72,293 (24.38%) | 0.0062 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor | 64,939 (10.95%) | 50,202 (16.93%) | 0.0267 |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists | 949 (0.16%) | 1127 (0.38%) | 0.0010 |
Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors | 8718 (1.47%) | 6909 (2.33%) | 0.0009 |
Statin | 225,002 (37.94%) | 140,226 (47.29%) | 0.0388 |
Event | Mild CHD Group | Severe CHD Group | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Blepharitis | |||
Person–months | 20,253,262 | 9,716,179 | |
Event | 22,161 | 15,369 | |
Crude HR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.274 (1.051–1.885) | |
aHR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.275 (1.051–1.912) * | 0.0285 * |
Severe blepharitis | |||
Person–months | 20,570,555 | 9,861,096 | |
Event | 9597 | 4500 | |
Crude HR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.077 (0.943–1.213) | |
aHR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.981 (0.945–1.020) | 0.3453 |
Event | aHR | 95% CI | p for Interaction |
---|---|---|---|
Blepharitis | 0.4571 | ||
Male | 1.160 | 0.960–1.592 | |
Female | 1.303 | 1.064–2.043 | |
Severe blepharitis | 0.2671 | ||
Male | 0.999 | 0.952–1.048 | |
Female | 0.958 | 0.901–1.019 |
Event | aHR | 95% CI | p for Interaction |
---|---|---|---|
Blepharitis | 0.0115 * | ||
<60 | 0.917 | 0.872–1.265 | |
60–69 | 1.046 | 0.905–1.788 | |
>70 | 1.432 | 1.201–2.171 | |
Severe blepharitis | 0.5498 | ||
<60 | 0.956 | 0.886–1.030 | |
60–69 | 0.958 | 0.896–1.025 | |
>70 | 1.016 | 0.959–1.076 |
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Lee, C.-Y.; Yang, S.-F.; Chang, Y.-L.; Huang, J.-Y.; Chang, C.-K. The Degrees of Coronary Heart Disease and the Degrees of New-Onset Blepharitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131349
Lee C-Y, Yang S-F, Chang Y-L, Huang J-Y, Chang C-K. The Degrees of Coronary Heart Disease and the Degrees of New-Onset Blepharitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(13):1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131349
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Chia-Yi, Shun-Fa Yang, Yu-Ling Chang, Jing-Yang Huang, and Chao-Kai Chang. 2024. "The Degrees of Coronary Heart Disease and the Degrees of New-Onset Blepharitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study" Diagnostics 14, no. 13: 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131349