Ocular Complication in Facial Aesthetic Laser and Light Treatments: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Ocular Complications from Various Laser Treatments
3.2. Specific Complications from Periocular Laser Treatments
3.3. Risks from Intense Pulsed Light and Other Light-Based Treatments
3.4. Complications Arising from Diode and Alexandrite Lasers
3.5. Broad Overview of Ocular Risks in Dermatologic Laser Treatments
3.6. Case Studies Highlighting Severe Ocular Injuries
3.7. Awareness and Prevention of Ocular Complications
Reference | Study Type (Level of Evidence) | Laser Type/Treatment | Ocular Complications | Key Findings/Recommendations |
---|---|---|---|---|
Park et al. [10] | Case Report (Level IV) | Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser (Nd) | Severe macular injury | Emphasized the critical need for rigorous safety protocols, proper equipment handling, and thorough training of practitioners to prevent significant visual impairment. |
Chen et al. [11] | Case Report (Level IV) | Cosmetic Laser for Skin Rejuvenation | Retinal injury | Highlighted the necessity for stringent safety protocols and adequate practitioner training, especially in non-medical settings, to prevent retinal damage during cosmetic procedures. |
Widder et al. [12] | Case Report (Level IV) | Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser Skin Resurfacing | Corneal damage (superficial punctate keratitis, corneal opacity) | Stressed the importance of immediate identification and treatment of corneal damage and recommended the use of protective eye gear during laser resurfacing procedures. |
Hammes et al. [13] | Case Report (Level IV) | Laser Treatment for Port-Wine Stain | Pupillary dysfunction | Emphasized the need for understanding the anatomical proximity of ocular structures when performing laser procedures and advocated for the use of protective measures like eye shields. |
Karabela et al. [14] | Case Report (Level IV) | Alexandrite Laser for Eyebrow Epilation | Anterior uveitis | Underlined the importance of pre-treatment information and careful patient assessment before and after laser treatments near sensitive areas like the eyes. |
Gunes et al. [15] | Case Series (Level IV) | Alexandrite Laser for Eyebrow Epilation | Anterior uveitis | Highlighted the potential mechanisms behind uveitis development and emphasized the need for vigilance among practitioners and the importance of patient education. |
Jewsbury and Morgan [16] | Case Report (Level IV) | Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Therapy | Anterior uveitis, Iris photoablation | Highlighted significant ocular complications, emphasizing the necessity for enhanced ocular protection and awareness among practitioners during IPL therapy. |
Pang and Wells [17] | Case Report (Level IV) | Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Therapy | Bilateral anterior uveitis | Stressed the need for stringent ocular safety measures and better training for IPL practitioners to prevent serious adverse effects like bilateral anterior uveitis. |
Kazak et al. [18] | Case Study (Level IV) | Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Therapy | Photophobia, discoria, anterior chamber inflammation | Demonstrated the potential for persistent ocular damage, such as iris burn and iritis, associated with IPL therapy, highlighting the importance of preventive measures and adequate ocular protection. |
Crabb et al. [19] | Case Report (Level IV) | Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Therapy | Iritis, persistent iris atrophy | Emphasized the necessity of optimal ocular protection and informed consent, noting the susceptibility of the iris to IPL wavelengths. |
Sheikh et al. [20] | Case Report (Level IV) | Diode Laser Therapy | Uveitis, visual field defects | Highlighted the inflammatory response and the importance of preventive measures and patient education to reduce the risk of permanent vision loss. |
Parver et al. [21] | Case Series (Level IV) | Laser Hair Removal (Eyebrow Region) | Chemical burns, corneal abrasions, retinal damage | Emphasized the critical need for best practices, including appropriate eye protection and thorough patient evaluation, to prevent ocular injuries during cosmetic procedures. |
Lin et al. [22] | Case Report (Level IV) | Alexandrite Laser (Periorbital Area) | Iritis, pupillary distortion | Discussed the importance of stringent safety protocols and recommended increased practitioner training to prevent adverse outcomes in sensitive ocular regions. |
Brilakis et al. [23] | Case Report (Level IV) | Diode Laser Therapy (Periocular Region) | Cataracts, iris atrophy | Highlighted the risks associated with diode laser therapy near the eyes, emphasizing the importance of protective measures and strict adherence to safety protocols. |
Gulmez et al. [24] | Case Series (Level IV) | Diode Laser (Eyelids) | Burns, corneal abrasions | Advocated for protective measures and comprehensive training to minimize risks in cosmetic procedures involving diode lasers near the eyes. |
Bonińska et al. [25] | Review (Level IV) | Various Dermatologic Laser Treatments | Thermal injuries, corneal damage, retinal complications | Emphasized the need for protective measures and proper training to prevent severe ocular damage during dermatologic laser treatments. |
Huang et al. [26] | Review (Level IV) | Various Cosmetic Lasers | Thermal burns, corneal abrasions, retinal damage | Highlighted the importance of preventive measures, proper patient positioning, and thorough practitioner training to minimize the risk of ocular injuries during cosmetic procedures. |
Flegel et al. [27] | Review (Level IV) | Dermatological Laser Treatments | Corneal damage, retinal burns, permanent vision loss | Stressed the need for meticulous precautions and the use of appropriate protective eyewear during laser therapies to prevent severe ocular injuries. |
Artuç et al. [28] | Case Report (Level IV) | Laser Hair Removal | Retinal injury | Emphasized the importance of rigorous safety protocols, including the use of protective eyewear, to prevent ocular injuries during laser epilation near the face. |
Tofolean et al. [29] | Case Report (Level IV) | Laser Hair Removal | Choroidal neovascularization | Highlighted the importance of postoperative monitoring and preventive measures, including the use of protective eyewear, to mitigate ocular risks in laser procedures. |
Halkiadakis et al. [30] | Case Report (Level IV) | Eyebrow Laser Hair Removal | Iris atrophy, posterior synechiae | Advocated for the use of protective measures and patient education to prevent complications during laser treatments near the eyes, even in routine cosmetic procedures. |
Yan et al. [31] | Review (Level IV) | Various Cosmetic Procedures | Corneal burns, retinal detachment, elevated intraocular pressure | Discussed the importance of proper training, safety protocols, and patient education to prevent ocular complications associated with cosmetic procedures. |
Wong et al. [32] | Review (Level IV) | Various Laser Treatments | Corneal burns, retinal damage, cataracts | Emphasized the importance of preventive measures, proper technique, and patient education to mitigate the risks of laser-induced ocular injuries. |
Collea et al. [33] | Case Report (Level IV) | Eyebrow Photothermolysis | Thermal injuries, pigmentary changes | Highlighted the significance of understanding facial anatomy and using appropriate safety measures to minimize risks during cosmetic laser procedures. |
Shulman et al. [34] | Case Series (Level IV) | Laser-Assisted Hair Removal | Thermal injury, corneal damage | Stressed the importance of protective eyewear, proper technique, and thorough patient education to minimize the risk of ocular injuries during laser hair removal treatments. |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ocular Complication | Cause/Mechanism | Associated Laser/Light Treatment |
---|---|---|
Macular Injury | Misalignment of laser system, improper focusing of laser energy | Nd |
Laser | ||
Retinal Damage | Unintended laser beam exposure, improper eye protection, thermal injury | Cosmetic Lasers (e.g., skin rejuvenation), Argon Laser, Nd |
Laser | ||
Corneal Damage | Direct laser exposure, inadequate protective measures, thermal injury | CO2 Laser Skin Resurfacing, Cosmetic Lasers, IPL |
Pupillary Dysfunction | Collateral damage to ocular structures due to proximity of laser treatment | Laser treatment for facial port-wine stain |
Anterior Uveitis | Thermal injury, inflammatory response, pigment dispersion | Alexandrite Laser for Eyebrow Epilation, IPL |
Iritis and Pupillary Distortion | Inflammatory response, improper eye protection | Alexandrite Laser (Periorbital Area), IPL |
Cataracts | Thermal or mechanical injury to the lens, photocoagulation | Diode Laser Therapy, IPL |
Corectopia | Mechanical or thermal injury leading to abnormal pupil displacement | Laser Eyebrow Epilation |
Photophobia and Persistent Iris Atrophy | Chronic inflammation, thermal injury to iris | IPL, Erbium |
Laser | ||
Choroidal Neovascularization | Thermal effects from laser triggering neovascularization | Laser Hair Removal |
Conjunctival Synechiae | Inflammation, improper use of protective measures during laser treatment | CO2 Laser, Erbium |
Laser | ||
Floaters | Photochemical reactions, thermal damage to the retina | Pulsed Dye Laser, other dermatological lasers |
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Lee, K.W.A.; Chan, L.K.W.; Lee, A.W.K.; Lee, C.H.; Wan, J.; Yi, K.-H. Ocular Complication in Facial Aesthetic Laser and Light Treatments: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 2006. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182006
Lee KWA, Chan LKW, Lee AWK, Lee CH, Wan J, Yi K-H. Ocular Complication in Facial Aesthetic Laser and Light Treatments: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(18):2006. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182006
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Kar Wai Alvin, Lisa Kwin Wah Chan, Angela Wai Kay Lee, Cheuk Hung Lee, Jovian Wan, and Kyu-Ho Yi. 2024. "Ocular Complication in Facial Aesthetic Laser and Light Treatments: A Comprehensive Review" Diagnostics 14, no. 18: 2006. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182006