Diagnostics

16 pages, 241 KiB

Open AccessReview

Ocular Complication in Facial Aesthetic Laser and Light Treatments: A Comprehensive Review

by Kar Wai Alvin Lee, Lisa Kwin Wah Chan, Angela Wai Kay Lee, Cheuk Hung Lee, Jovian Wan and Kyu-Ho Yi

Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2006; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182006 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: The increasing popularity of laser- and light-based esthetic treatments for facial rejuvenation has raised concerns regarding ocular safety. Although these procedures are generally considered safe and effective, there is a growing body of evidence highlighting the potential for ocular complications. This review [...] Read more.

Background: The increasing popularity of laser- and light-based esthetic treatments for facial rejuvenation has raised concerns regarding ocular safety. Although these procedures are generally considered safe and effective, there is a growing body of evidence highlighting the potential for ocular complications. This review aims to systematically analyze the types and mechanisms of ocular injuries associated with such treatments, as well as to evaluate preventive measures and management strategies. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including MEDLINE, PubMed and Ovid for relevant studies published on clinical trials, diagnosis and treatment. Some papers were further reviewed using a double-blinding approach, varying sample sizes, control usage, randomization usage and objective endpoint measurements. All studies were classified according to the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine evidence hierarchy. Result: Our review identified several types of ocular complications associated with facial laser or light treatments, including but not limited to conjunctival burns, corneal damage, retinal phototoxicity, and transient vision disturbances. The incidence of these complications varies significantly depending on the type of laser or light source employed, treatment parameters, and the anatomical proximity of the eyes to the treatment area. Factors such as inadequate protective measures, patient movement during the procedure, and the operator’s experience were found to contribute to the risk of ocular injury. Strategies such as the use of appropriate eye protection, careful patient positioning, and thorough pre-treatment assessments were highlighted as essential preventive measures. Conclusion: Ocular complications, though rare, represent a significant risk in facial esthetic laser and light treatments. This review underscores the importance of awareness among practitioners regarding the potential ocular hazards and the implementation of robust safety protocols. Future research is needed to establish standardized guidelines to minimize risks and enhance patient safety in esthetic dermatological practices. Continued education and improved protective strategies will be essential in safeguarding ocular health as the field of esthetic treatments continues to evolve. This comprehensive review serves as an essential resource for practitioners, informing them of ocular risks, management options, and the need for vigilance to mitigate complications in clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eye Diseases: Diagnosis and Management—2nd Edition)

8 pages, 1255 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Physical Characteristics and Morphological Features of the Articular Radius Surface: A Retrospective Single-Center Study

by Reo Asai, Akira Ikumi, Yusuke Eda, Sho Kohyama, Takeshi Ogawa and Yuichi Yoshii

Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2005; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182005 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Preoperative planning is important for the osteosynthesis of distal radius fractures. Challenges arise for patients presenting with bilateral wrist injuries or a history of contralateral wrist injuries. In such cases, the estimation of the distal radius morphology and the determination of the plate [...] Read more.

Preoperative planning is important for the osteosynthesis of distal radius fractures. Challenges arise for patients presenting with bilateral wrist injuries or a history of contralateral wrist injuries. In such cases, the estimation of the distal radius morphology and the determination of the plate size from the preoperative physical characteristics could prove beneficial. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the physical characteristics and the morphology of the distal radius articular surface. A total of 79 wrist computed tomography (CT) images (41 women and 38 men) were evaluated. Physical characteristics, such as height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), were recorded. Three-dimensional CT analysis was performed to investigate the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the distal radius. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationships between height, weight, and BMI and the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the distal radius. A moderate to strong correlation was found in the overall analysis between body height and transverse diameter (r = 0.66). There were also moderate correlations between body height and anteroposterior diameter (r = 0.45) as well as weight and transverse diameter (r = 0.41), both of which were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Our findings indicate a statistically significant correlation between height, weight, and morphology of the distal radius. When analyzed by sex, the correlation between body height and the transverse diameter of the distal radius was found to be relatively strong in women (r = 0.47, p = 0.002), suggesting that it could be a useful indicator for preoperative planning, such as estimating plate size. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Image Quality Assessment Methods in Radiography, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance)

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19 pages, 5818 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nevi and Melanoma in Children: What to Do in Daily Medical Practice: Encyclopedia for Pediatricians and Family Doctors

by Patrycja Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz, Danuta Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska, Jacek Calik, Gabriela Telman-Kołodziejczyk and Przemysław Mańkowski

Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2004; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182004 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Melanocytic nevi, commonly known as moles, are benign skin lesions that often occur in children and adolescents. Overall, they are less common in children compared to adults. Understanding the diagnosis and management of melanocytic nevi and risk factors for melanoma development is crucial [...] Read more.

Melanocytic nevi, commonly known as moles, are benign skin lesions that often occur in children and adolescents. Overall, they are less common in children compared to adults. Understanding the diagnosis and management of melanocytic nevi and risk factors for melanoma development is crucial for their early detection and appropriate treatment. This paper presents children’s most common melanocytic nevi, including their epidemiology, morphology, diagnostic methods, and treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics)

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15 pages, 1040 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analytical Validation of Esopredict, an Epigenetic Prognostic Assay for Patients with Barrett’s Esophagus

by Sarah Laun, Francia Pierre, Suji Kim, Daniel Lunz, Tara Maddala, Jerome V. Braun, Stephen J. Meltzer and Lisa Kann

Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2003; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182003 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Esopredict^TM is a prognostic assay that risk-stratifies Barrett’s esophagus patients to predict future progression to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Established based on foundational studies at Johns Hopkins University, a risk algorithm was developed and clinically validated in two independent [...] Read more.

Esopredict^TM is a prognostic assay that risk-stratifies Barrett’s esophagus patients to predict future progression to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Established based on foundational studies at Johns Hopkins University, a risk algorithm was developed and clinically validated in two independent studies (n = 320). Esopredict^TM is currently offered as a clinical test under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) guidelines. Here we present the analytical validation by repeated testing of FFPE tissues (n = 26 patients), cell lines, and contrived DNA controls to determine assay performance regarding analytical sensitivity (as defined by the limit of detection (LOD)), analytical specificity (as defined by the limit of blank (LOB)), accuracy as determined from the average positive and negative agreement, repeatability, and reproducibility. The LOD for the assay at 1.5% DNA methylation was significantly higher than the LOB, as determined by an unmethylated DNA control (0% methylated DNA). Inter- and intra-assay average positive agreement (APA) were 88% and 94%, respectively, while average negative agreement (ANA) values were 90% and 94%, respectively. Average inter- and intra-assay precision were <9% and <5% coefficient of variation (CV), respectively. These results confirm that Esopredict^TM is a highly reproducible, sensitive, and specific risk categorization assay for the prediction of progression to HGD or EAC within 5 years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Laboratory Medicine)

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11 pages, 2276 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Utility of Ultrasound-Guided Attenuation Parameter (UGAP) in Renal Angiomyolipoma (AML): First Results

by Paul Christian Kranert, Paula Kranert, Miriam C. Banas, Ernst Michael Jung, Bernhard Banas and Franz Josef Putz

Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2002; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182002 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Angiomyolipoma (AML) are the most common benign solid renal mass. Differentiation from malignant tumours is essential. Imaging features in ultrasound may overlap between malignant lesions, especially between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and AML. So far, sectional imaging has been necessary for reliable differentiation. [...] Read more.

Angiomyolipoma (AML) are the most common benign solid renal mass. Differentiation from malignant tumours is essential. Imaging features in ultrasound may overlap between malignant lesions, especially between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and AML. So far, sectional imaging has been necessary for reliable differentiation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of the ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP), a recently established tool for assessing hepatic steatosis, in the differentiation of AMLs from other renal masses. Therefore, 27 patients with unknown solid renal masses were examined by ultrasound including UGAP. The attenuation was assessed qualitatively by attenuation map and quantitatively in comparison to the surrounding renal tissue. UGAP was applicable in 26/27 patients. Findings were compared with CT/MRI as the current imaging standard. A total of 18 AML and 9 other renal tumours were found. The diagnostic performance of B-Mode (hyperechogenic lesion) ultrasound was 77.8% in identifying AML. The diagnostic performance of the attenuation map showed a diagnostic performance of 92.6%, whereby UGAP measurements were successful in 76.9% of cases. Quantitatively, we found a significant difference (p < 0.034) in mean measured attenuation between AML (0.764 ± 0.162 dB/cm/MHz) vs. other renal tumours (0.658 ± 0.155 dB/cm/MHz). The best performance was found by a combined parameter of a hyperechogenic lesion with a positive attenuation map with an accuracy of 95.0%. In conclusion, UGAP may represent a possibility for differentiating solid renal lesions more accurately by ultrasound, especially classic hyperechoic AMLs from other renal lesions. Further studies are needed to increase the diagnostic reliability further. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urologic Oncology: Biomarkers, Diagnosis, and Management)

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9 pages, 1287 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

The Association between Specimen Neuromuscular Characteristics and Urinary Incontinence after Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

by Tomer Bashi, Jonathan Margalioth, Ziv Savin, Ron Marom, Snir Dekalo, Ibrahim Fahoum, Rabab Naamneh, Roy Mano and Ofer Yossepowitch

Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2001; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182001 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Urinary incontinence after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has been associated with older age, a longer operative time, a higher BMI, a short membranous urethral length and preoperative erectile function. The authors sought to assess the association between the neuromuscular characteristics and postoperative urinary [...] Read more.

Urinary incontinence after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has been associated with older age, a longer operative time, a higher BMI, a short membranous urethral length and preoperative erectile function. The authors sought to assess the association between the neuromuscular characteristics and postoperative urinary incontinence. Methods: RARP specimens from 29 men who underwent bilateral nerve sparing were reanalyzed. Urinary incontinence was evaluated using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Short Form (ICIQ-SF) at 6 weeks post surgery and last follow-up. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess neuromuscular characteristics and incontinence. Results: At the 1-year follow-up, 11 patients (38%) reported severe incontinence (>12 ICIQ-SF score). The median number of peripheral nerves observed at the base and apex in the specimens was 52 (IQR 13–139) and 59 (IQR: 28–129), respectively. Ganglia were present in 19 patients (65%) at the base and 12 patients (41%) at the apex. Additionally, the median proportional area of detrusor smooth muscle fibers at the base was 0.54 (IQR 0.31–1), while the median proportional area of striated muscle fibers at the apex was 0.13 (IQR 0.08–0.24). No statistically significant associations were found. Conclusions: Histologic neuromuscular characteristics were not associated with postoperative urinary incontinence. Enhanced intraoperative evaluation and larger-scale studies may prove useful for the prediction of postprostatectomy incontinence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urologic Oncology: Biomarkers, Diagnosis, and Management)

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11 pages, 11605 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Prediction Models with Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly in Chronic Otitis Media Patients

by Hee Soo Yoon, Min Jin Kim, Kang Hyeon Lim, Min Suk Kim, Byung Jae Kang, Yoon Chan Rah and June Choi

Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2000; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182000 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to assess the functional hearing capacity of individuals with Chronic Otitis Media (COM) using prediction modeling techniques and the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) questionnaire. This study investigated the potential of predictive models to identify [...] Read more.

Background: This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to assess the functional hearing capacity of individuals with Chronic Otitis Media (COM) using prediction modeling techniques and the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) questionnaire. This study investigated the potential of predictive models to identify hearing levels in patients with COM. Methods: We comprehensively examined 289 individuals diagnosed with COM, of whom 136 reported tinnitus and 143 did not. This study involved a detailed analysis of various patient characteristics and HHIE questionnaire results. Logistic and Random Forest models were employed and compared based on key performance metrics. Results: The logistic model demonstrated a slightly higher accuracy (73.56%), area under the curve (AUC; 0.73), Kappa value (0.45), and F1 score (0.78) than the Random Forest model. These findings suggest the superior predictive performance of the logistic model in identifying hearing levels in patients with COM. Conclusions: Although the AUC for the logistic regression did not meet the benchmark, this study highlights the potential for enhanced reliability and improved performance metrics using a larger dataset. The integration of prediction modeling techniques and the HHIE questionnaire shows promise for achieving greater diagnostic accuracy and refining intervention strategies for individuals with COM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine-Learning-Based Disease Diagnosis and Prediction)

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11 pages, 765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gastrointestinal Cancers in Hospitalized Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Nationwide Study, 2010–2020

by Paul Wasuwanich and Wikrom Karnsakul

Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 1999; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14181999 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: As life expectancy in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has increased, so has the incidence of cancers. We aimed to investigate and describe gastrointestinal cancers in CF hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2020. Methods: Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample, we extracted cases of [...] Read more.

Background: As life expectancy in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has increased, so has the incidence of cancers. We aimed to investigate and describe gastrointestinal cancers in CF hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2020. Methods: Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample, we extracted cases of CF-associated hospitalizations and gastrointestinal cancers as well as demographic and clinical data. We compared our CF cohort to age, sex, and race/ethnicity-matched controls. Trends were analyzed by Poisson regression. Results: We identified a total of 902 hospitalizations of CF with gastrointestinal cancer; among them, 539 (59.8%) were colorectal, 139 (15.4%) were liver, 105 (11.6%) were pancreatic, 54 (6.0%) were small bowel, 35 (3.9%) were gastric, and 30 (3.3%) were esophageal cancers. The median age of hospitalization for gastrointestinal cancers ranged from 39 years in liver cancer to 65 years in small bowel cancer. Mortality ranged from 9.5% in pancreatic to 0.0% in small bowel cancer. Colorectal cancer (IRR: 1.09; p = 0.005), pancreatic cancer (IRR: 1.17; p = 0.023), gastric cancer (IRR: 1.41; p = 0.003), and esophageal cancer (IRR: 1.50; p = 0.023) hospitalization rates have been increasing over time. Rates of colorectal (p = 0.037) cancer were significantly higher in our CF cohort compared to controls. Conclusions: Colorectal cancers are the major gastrointestinal cancers in CF patients, and the incidence of these hospitalizations is increasing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics)

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7 pages, 222 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Evaluation of the Allplex GI Parasite and Helminth PCR Assay in a Belgian Travel Clinic

by Jasmine Coppens, Charlotte Drieghe, Idzi Potters, Jean-Marc Schwob and Marjan Van Esbroeck

Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 1998; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14181998 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Recently a number of broad-range stool parasite PCR assays have been developed. However, there is ongoing disagreement regarding their diagnostic performance, as various studies have produced contradictory results. In this study, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of the Seegene Allplex GI-Parasite and Allplex [...] Read more.

Recently a number of broad-range stool parasite PCR assays have been developed. However, there is ongoing disagreement regarding their diagnostic performance, as various studies have produced contradictory results. In this study, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of the Seegene Allplex GI-Parasite and Allplex GI-Helminth assays (SA) with the conventional methods used at the travel clinic of the Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM) including microscopy, antigen testing, and molecular detection in order to provide insights into the strengths and limitations of this diagnostic tool which may be crucial to select the most appropriate diagnostic tools for the suspected pathogen. A total of 97 native stool samples from 95 patients with suspected gastrointestinal illness were analyzed, including 26 from a frozen collection and 71 prospectively collected samples. The diagnostic performance of SA was notably superior to the conventional workflow in detecting Dientamoeba fragilis (sensitivity 100% vs. 47.4%) and Blastocystis hominis (sensitivity 95% vs. 77.5%). SA had a comparable performance with the conventional workflow in detecting pathogenic protozoa (sensitivity 90% vs. 95%). In contrast, SA had a much lower diagnostic performance in detecting helminths (59.1%) compared to the conventional workflow (100%). We conclude that the Seegene Allplex GI-Parasite assay may be useful for protozoa screening in low-endemic industrialized countries. However, the Allplex GI-Helminth assay is not recommended due to its suboptimal performance compared to microscopy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Microorganisms)

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Diagnostics, Volume 14, Issue 18 (September-2 2024) – 9 articles

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