Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Angiography of Carotid Arteries: A Topical Narrative Review with Case Examples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Comparison between Energy-Integrating and Photon-Counting Detectors
3. Strengths of PCDs
3.1. Enhanced Spatial Resolution
3.2. Improved Noise Characteristics
3.3. Improved Contrast
3.4. Enhanced Capabilities of Spectral Imaging and Material Characterization
3.5. Reduced Artifacts
4. Limitations of PCCT
4.1. Technical Challenges
4.2. Clinical Considerations
4.2.1. Alternative Contrast Agents
4.2.2. Clinical Translation and Validation
4.2.3. Data Handling and Analysis
4.3. Economic Considerations
5. Scanning and Reconstruction Protocols
6. PCCT in Carotid Arteries Assessment
6.1. Carotid Lumen Evaluation
6.2. Carotid Stents
6.3. Carotid Plaque Evaluation
6.4. Proliferation of Vasa Vasorum
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Benefits of Photon-Counting Detectors | Impact in Carotid Arteries Assessment |
---|---|
Enhanced spatial resolution | Improved assessment of the carotid vessel lumen Improved stent imaging Improved atherosclerotic plaque characterization |
Improved contrast and noise | Improved assessment of the carotid vessel lumen Improved stent imaging Dose reduction |
Enhanced spectral capabilities | Improved assessment of the carotid vessel lumen Improved atherosclerotic plaque characterization Dose reduction |
Reduced artifacts | Improved assessment of the carotid vessel lumen Improved stent imaging Improved atherosclerotic plaque characterization |
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Meloni, A.; Cau, R.; Saba, L.; Positano, V.; De Gori, C.; Occhipinti, M.; Celi, S.; Bossone, E.; Bertacchi, J.; Punzo, B.; et al. Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Angiography of Carotid Arteries: A Topical Narrative Review with Case Examples. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182012
Meloni A, Cau R, Saba L, Positano V, De Gori C, Occhipinti M, Celi S, Bossone E, Bertacchi J, Punzo B, et al. Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Angiography of Carotid Arteries: A Topical Narrative Review with Case Examples. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(18):2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182012
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeloni, Antonella, Riccardo Cau, Luca Saba, Vincenzo Positano, Carmelo De Gori, Mariaelena Occhipinti, Simona Celi, Eduardo Bossone, Jacopo Bertacchi, Bruna Punzo, and et al. 2024. "Photon-Counting Computed Tomography Angiography of Carotid Arteries: A Topical Narrative Review with Case Examples" Diagnostics 14, no. 18: 2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182012