Next Article in Journal
Enhancement of Ambulatory Glucose Profile for Decision Assistance and Treatment Adjustments
Next Article in Special Issue
Differential Functional Changes in Visual Performance during Acute Exposure to Microgravity Analogue and Their Potential Links with Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome
Previous Article in Journal
A New Method of Artificial-Intelligence-Based Automatic Identification of Lymphovascular Invasion in Urothelial Carcinomas
Previous Article in Special Issue
Validation of a New Digital and Automated Color Perception Test
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Reliability of Binocular Esterman Visual Field Test in Patients with Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions

Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2024, 14(4), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040433
Submission received: 9 January 2024 / Revised: 8 February 2024 / Accepted: 14 February 2024 / Published: 16 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visual Impairment: Diagnosis and Management)

Abstract

The binocular Esterman visual field test (EVFT) of 120 points was the first method to quantify the defects in the binocular visual field. It is used in many parts of the world as a standard test to determine whether an individual has the visual capabilities to drive safely. In Japan, it is required for the grading and issuance of visual disability certificates. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the EVFT results. We studied 104 patients who had undergone the binocular EVFT at Mie University Hospital. Their mean age was 68.0 ± 11.4 years, and the best-corrected visual acuity of the better eye was 0.18 ± 0.38 logMAR units. The EVFT was performed twice on the same day, and the results of the first and second tests were compared. The mean Esterman scores for the first and second test were 89.3 ± 30.5 and 89.1 ± 30.2, respectively, and the test times were 338.9 ± 86.8 and 336.7 ± 76.4 s, respectively. The differences were not significant (p = 0.69 and p = 0.33). In the Bland–Altman analyses (second–first test) of the Esterman scores, the mean difference was 0.38 without significant fixed errors (p = 0.20) or proportional errors (p = 0.27). The limits of agreement within the 1.96 standard deviation were −8.96 to +9.45 points. The agreement rate for the most peripheral 24 test points was significantly lower than the agreement rate for the other 96 test points (p < 0.01). The agreement rate of the upper visual field was significantly lower than that of the lower field (p < 0.01). The overall reliability rate of the EVFT is acceptable, but the peripheral and upper test points have relatively low reliability rates. These findings are important for interpretations of the EVFT results.
Keywords: binocular Esterman visual field test; test–retest reliability; visual disability; peripheral vision binocular Esterman visual field test; test–retest reliability; visual disability; peripheral vision

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Fujimoto, S.; Ikesugi, K.; Ichio, T.; Tanaka, K.; Kato, K.; Kondo, M. Reliability of Binocular Esterman Visual Field Test in Patients with Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040433

AMA Style

Fujimoto S, Ikesugi K, Ichio T, Tanaka K, Kato K, Kondo M. Reliability of Binocular Esterman Visual Field Test in Patients with Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(4):433. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040433

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fujimoto, Shuhei, Kengo Ikesugi, Takako Ichio, Kohei Tanaka, Kumiko Kato, and Mineo Kondo. 2024. "Reliability of Binocular Esterman Visual Field Test in Patients with Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions" Diagnostics 14, no. 4: 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040433

APA Style

Fujimoto, S., Ikesugi, K., Ichio, T., Tanaka, K., Kato, K., & Kondo, M. (2024). Reliability of Binocular Esterman Visual Field Test in Patients with Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions. Diagnostics, 14(4), 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040433

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop