Diagnostics, Volume 15, Issue 16

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools for fracture detection in radiographs are increasingly approved for clinical use but remain underutilized. Understanding physician attitudes before implementation is essential for successful i...

Skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer worldwide. Diagnostic uncertainty can arise when macroscopic or dermoscopic evaluations do not clearly differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (...

The L1 molecule is a cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) that was originally implicated in neuronal development. In recent years, studies of several large cohorts of patients with endometrial cancer have revealed that L1CAM acts as a poor prognostic facto...

Background/Objectives: The HLA-B*58:01 allele is strongly linked to severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) during allopurinol treatment, and it has been associated with the A allele of PSORS1C1 rs9263726 (G>A). Paraclinical characteristics of...

Background/Objectives: Quantitative intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging, incorporating both diffusion- and perfusion-derived metrics, offers a promising non-invasive approach for assessing tissue microstructure and clinical disability in mult...

Background: Differentiating acute kidney injury (AKI) from chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children remains a critical unmet need due to the limitations of current clinical and biochemical markers. Conventional ultrasound lacks the sensitivity to dis...

Background/Objectives: The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 polymorphism has been strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in various populations; however, its impact on different ethnic groups is not fully understood....

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most prevalent yet underdiagnosed sleep disorders. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of radar-based systems and ranked frequency bands for the non-contact detection of OSA. Methods: A systema...

Background/Objectives: The diagnosis of osteomyelitis is typically based on clinical suspI icion supported by imaging and lab findings. Various nuclear medicine imaging, including bone SPECT/CT, is emerging as an effective tool to guide the diagnosis...

Purpose: This study aimed to compare: the performance of K-TIRADS, EU-TIRADS and ACR TIRADS when used by observers with different levels of experience compared with the gold standard of cytology, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CAD (com...

Background/Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between peripheral hematological inflammation markers, namely, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), syst...

Background and Clinical Significance: Non-palpable migrated contraceptive implants pose significant challenges for removal and are associated with neurovascular complications. Traditional open surgery near nerves is associated with postoperative morb...

Background/Objectives: This study investigated whether serum salusin-α and salusin-β levels could support the diagnosis and prognosis of confirmed acute pulmonary embolism (APE) cases. Methods: A prospective observational study was conduct...

Background: By leveraging advanced wireless technologies, Healthcare Industry 5.0 promotes the continuous monitoring of real-time medical acquisition from the physical environment. These systems help identify early diseases by collecting health recor...

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between foveal avascular zone (FAZ) enlargement, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction, and structural retinal measurements in glaucoma suspects (GS), using pattern elect...

Background/Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy with increasing recognition of systemic involvement, including potential microvascular alterations. While nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is an established tool in rheu...

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, with a heterogeneous clinical course that may progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in approximately 20% of patients. Despite recent advances, including the U.S....

Objective: This study introduces an explainable, radiomics-based machine learning framework for the automated classification of sarcoma tumors using MRI. The approach aims to empower clinicians, reducing dependence on subjective image interpretation....

Background: In recent decades, dermatological diagnostics have undergone a profound transformation, driven by the integration of new technologies alongside traditional methods. Classic techniques such as the Tzanck smear, potassium hydroxide (KOH) pr...

Background/Objectives: Heart disease affects 0.1% to 4% of pregnant women, with congenital heart defects being the leading cause in developed countries. While maternal mortality is generally low, pre-existing cardiac conditions substantially increase...

Background/Objectives: Hypertension is a growing public health concern in Saudi Arabia, driven by rapid socioeconomic changes. This study investigated the interplay between habitual, behavioral, and dietary risk factors associated with hypertension a...

Background/Objectives: Myopia is a growing global health concern, especially among school-aged children in East Asia. Topical atropine is a key treatment for pediatric myopia control, but individual responses vary, with some children showing rapid pr...

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, with rising incidence particularly in oropharyngeal cancer subsites. Despite well-known risk factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption as well as human papillomavirus (HPV...

Background/Objectives: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into forensic science is expanding, yet its application in firearm injury diagnostics remains underexplored. This study investigates the diagnostic capabilities of ChatGPT-4 (Febr...

Background and Clinical Significance: Intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) is a rare benign tumor of the inner ear, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo. Vestibular function in ILS patients remains under...

Background: The phenomenon of pink teeth represents a notable observation in forensic science, although its interpretation remains complex and not directly attributable to a specific cause of death. Methods: This systematic review provides an updated...

Background: Maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) is commonly used to increase posterior maxillary bone volume prior to implant placement. Although generally successful, late complications can impact long-term outcomes. The purpose of the study w...

Background/Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, assessed using the Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI). Systemic inflammation is central to OSA progression, and the...

Background/Aims: Predicting treatment response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential to improve clinical outcomes with personalized treatment strategies. This study aims to develop an AI-driven prediction model using radiomi...

Background/Objectives: First-trimester referral scans in high-risk pregnancies are performed by expert fetal medicine operators using an extended protocol that includes direct fetal heart assessment. This study evaluated inter-operator agreement in c...

Background: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly in boys, marked by ectopic urethral meatus and a wide range of anatomical variants such as chordee and atypical glans morphology. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, complication rates r...

Background and Objectives: Anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM) is a rare and aggressive mucosal melanoma with a poor prognosis. Due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical presentation, diagnosis is often delayed, and prognostic data remain limited. M...

Heart failure (HF) imposes a significant burden on public health, affecting over 56.19 million people worldwide. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction may occur in HF patients due to various factors, including adverse interventricular interactions, isch...

Background/Objectives: Dry Eye Disease (DED) significantly impacts quality of life due to the instability of the tear film and reduced tear production. The limited availability of eye care professionals, combined with traditional diagnostic methods t...

Background/Objective: There is a growing interest in deltoid ligament injury and repair. The integrity of the deltoid ligament is indirectly assessed through medial clear space widening. The objective of this study was to quantify the degree of media...

Background: Primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated type (MALT) is an extremely rare liver neoplasm. The lesions are often misdiagnosed for the most common primary hepatic malignancy, such as hepatocellular carcinoma an...

Background: Armed conflicts impose complex logistical and behavioral challenges on healthcare systems, particularly in managing acute conditions such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and ischemic stroke. Although both diagnoses require t...

Preterm labour (PTL) affects about 11% of all deliveries world-wide. It is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Although the precise cause is unknown in about 50% of cases, infections are thought to be a major contributing factor. Thes...

Background: This prospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in guided bone regeneration (GBR) prior to dental implant placement. Material and methods: Sixty-five patients with alveolar bone defects we...

Background: Anemia is a common comorbidity in heart failure (HF) and has been associated with adverse clinical consequences. This retrospective, descriptive cohort study examined phenotype-specific differences in anemia severity, clinical presentatio...

Background: Left atrial strain, particularly reservoir strain, has emerged as a sensitive marker of left atrial function and an early indicator of diastolic dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. However, automated left atrial strain analysis is not un...

Background/Objectives: Accurate full-arch impressions are crucial for predictable prosthodontic outcomes. While intraoral scanners (IOSs) are increasingly adopted, evidence comparing their accuracy with conventional analog impressions across full man...

Background: The integration of global longitudinal strain (GLS) with stress echocardiography (SE) represents a significant advancement in non-invasive cardiac diagnostics, particularly in the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). GLS, derived...

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is on the rise, and insulin resistance (IR) is one of the key risk factors for developing T2D. This paper seeks to identify risk factors for IR in women with normal menstrual cycles (NM) and early m...

Fertility potential ever more diminishes due to the complex, multifactorial, and still not entirely clarified process of reproductive aging in women and men. Gamete quality and reproductive lifespan are compromised by biologic factors like mitochondr...

Background/Objectives: We analyzed clinical and radiological characteristics and prognostic factors specific to young patients with breast cancer (YBC) aged <30 years. Methods: This retrospective study included 132 women aged <30 years who unde...

Background/Objectives: The mandibular lingula (ML) is a small bony projection on the medial surface of the ramus and serves as the first reference point identified during sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) or inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB)....

Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that requires early and accurate diagnosis. This study aimed to classify individuals with and without PD using volumetric brain MRI data and to improve...

Background: The term ‘left atrial appendage aneurysm’ (LAAA) has been recognized since 1962, when it was first described. It is an exceedingly rare pathology that can affect both adults and children. Often asymptomatic, it may be discover...

Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer (CC), caused mainly by high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), remains a global health challenge despite being preventable. The disease’s incidence and mortality rates significantly vary across regions, hi...