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Volume 15
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10.3390/diagnostics15040502
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Article

Comparative Clinical and Histopathological Study of Oral Leukoplakia in Smokers and Non-Smokers

by
Andrei-Eduard Șerban
1,
Ioanina Părlătescu
2,*,
Elena Milanesi
3,4,
Iulia Andreea Pelisenco
4,
Maria Dobre
4,
Mariana Costache
3,
Șerban Țovaru
2 and
Paula Perlea
2
1
Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
2
Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
3
Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
4
Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2025, 15(4), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040502
Submission received: 1 January 2025 / Revised: 8 February 2025 / Accepted: 10 February 2025 / Published: 19 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Diseases Diagnosis and Management: 2nd Edition)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Oral leukoplakia (OLK) is an oral mucosal lesion classified in the oral potentially malignant disorder group and is associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation (MT). The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and histopathological features of two OLK groups, a group of smokers and a group of non-smokers. Methods: In this retrospective study, a cohort of 154 patients with OLK was divided into two groups based on the presence of smoking as a major risk factor. OLK diagnoses were established via clinical and histopathological examination. Results: Females were more abundant in the non-smoking group than in the smoking group, where males were more abundant (p < 0.001). The average age of the smokers was lower than that of the non-smokers (p = 0.003). In the smokers, the buccal mucosa was most frequently affected, while in the non-smokers, the gums and the tongue were primarily involved (p = 0.016). In female smokers, involvement of the buccal area and multiple-site involvement were statistically significantly more frequently observed compared to that in female non-smokers (p = 0.006). Non-dysplastic lesions were predominant in both groups, with severe dysplasia observed more frequently in the non-smokers than in the smokers. MT was higher in the non-smoker group compared to that in the smoker group. Conclusions: OLK in smokers is different from OLK in non-smokers concerning female gender involvement, site location, the number of lesions, and the MT rate.
Keywords: oral leukoplakia; oral medicine; smoker; oral potentially malignant disorder oral leukoplakia; oral medicine; smoker; oral potentially malignant disorder

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MDPI and ACS Style

Șerban, A.-E.; Părlătescu, I.; Milanesi, E.; Pelisenco, I.A.; Dobre, M.; Costache, M.; Țovaru, Ș.; Perlea, P. Comparative Clinical and Histopathological Study of Oral Leukoplakia in Smokers and Non-Smokers. Diagnostics 2025, 15, 502. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040502

AMA Style

Șerban A-E, Părlătescu I, Milanesi E, Pelisenco IA, Dobre M, Costache M, Țovaru Ș, Perlea P. Comparative Clinical and Histopathological Study of Oral Leukoplakia in Smokers and Non-Smokers. Diagnostics. 2025; 15(4):502. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040502

Chicago/Turabian Style

Șerban, Andrei-Eduard, Ioanina Părlătescu, Elena Milanesi, Iulia Andreea Pelisenco, Maria Dobre, Mariana Costache, Șerban Țovaru, and Paula Perlea. 2025. "Comparative Clinical and Histopathological Study of Oral Leukoplakia in Smokers and Non-Smokers" Diagnostics 15, no. 4: 502. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040502

APA Style

Șerban, A.-E., Părlătescu, I., Milanesi, E., Pelisenco, I. A., Dobre, M., Costache, M., Țovaru, Ș., & Perlea, P. (2025). Comparative Clinical and Histopathological Study of Oral Leukoplakia in Smokers and Non-Smokers. Diagnostics, 15(4), 502. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040502

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