Thermal Requirements of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hym.: Encyrtidae) and Telenomus podisi (Hym.: Platygastridae) Parasitizing Euschistus heros Eggs (Hem.: Pentatomidae)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Rearing and Maintenance of Insects Used in the Experiments
2.1.1. Ooencyrtus submetallicus
2.1.2. Telenomus podisi
2.1.3. Euschistus heros
2.2. Experimental Development and Analysis
2.2.1. Comparative Biology of O. submetallicus and T. podisi
2.2.2. Effect of Temperature on the Development of O. submetallicus and T. podisi
2.2.3. Estimates of the Thermal Requirements and Number of Generations of O. submetallicus and T. podisi
3. Results
3.1. Comparative Biology of O. submetallicus and T. podisi
3.2. Effect of Temperature on the Development of O. submetallicus and T. podisi
3.3. Thermal Requirements and Estimate of the Number of Generations of O. submetallicus and T. podisi
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | O. submetallicus | T. podisi | CV (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Cycle length (egg–adult) (days) | 17.7 ± 0.10 a | 17. 5 ± 0.11 a | 2.72 |
Parasitism (%) | 59.0 ± 1.43 a | 62.5 ± 1.22 a | 9.83 |
Emergence (%) | 86.4 ± 2.26 a | 87.3 ± 2.08 a | 11.43 |
Sex ratio | 1.0 ± 0.00 a | 0.5 ± 0.02 b | 6.76 |
Individuals emerged per egg (n) | 1.9 ± 0.05 a | 1.2± 0.04 b | 12.11 |
Longevity without food (days) | 9.6 ± 0.47 a | 10.8 ± 0.51 a | 21.57 |
Longevity with food (days) | 18.1 ± 0.82 a | 19.9 ± 0.83 a | 19.60 |
Localities | T. podisi | O. submetallicus | E. heros |
---|---|---|---|
Tupanciretã, RS | 11.43 | 11.99 | 4.05 |
Mal. Cândido Rondon, PR | 13.12 | 13.36 | 5.46 |
Maracaju, MS | 15.47 | 15.26 | 7.41 |
Dourados, MS | 18.29 | 18.33 | 9.76 |
Ponta Porã, MS | 15.29 | 16.39 | 8.57 |
Sorriso, MT | 18.82 | 18.78 | 11.03 |
Rio Verde, GO | 15.05 | 14.92 | 7.06 |
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Chaves, V.F.; Pereira, F.F.; Torres, J.B.; da Silva, I.F.; Pastori, P.L.; de Oliveira, H.N.; Costa, V.A.; Cardoso, C.R.G. Thermal Requirements of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hym.: Encyrtidae) and Telenomus podisi (Hym.: Platygastridae) Parasitizing Euschistus heros Eggs (Hem.: Pentatomidae). Insects 2021, 12, 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12100924
Chaves VF, Pereira FF, Torres JB, da Silva IF, Pastori PL, de Oliveira HN, Costa VA, Cardoso CRG. Thermal Requirements of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hym.: Encyrtidae) and Telenomus podisi (Hym.: Platygastridae) Parasitizing Euschistus heros Eggs (Hem.: Pentatomidae). Insects. 2021; 12(10):924. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12100924
Chicago/Turabian StyleChaves, Valeria Freitas, Fabricio Fagundes Pereira, Jorge Braz Torres, Ivana Fernandes da Silva, Patrik Luiz Pastori, Harley Nonato de Oliveira, Valmir Antônio Costa, and Carlos Reinier Garcia Cardoso. 2021. "Thermal Requirements of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hym.: Encyrtidae) and Telenomus podisi (Hym.: Platygastridae) Parasitizing Euschistus heros Eggs (Hem.: Pentatomidae)" Insects 12, no. 10: 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12100924