Prevalence of Lower Back Pain in Portuguese Equestrian Riders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics and Anthropometric Data
3.2. Prevalence of Lower Back Pain in the Past 12 Months
3.3. Factors Associated with the Presence of Lower Back Pain in the Past 12 Months
3.4. Factors Associated with the Roland Morris Disability Score (RMDS) in Individuals Who Experienced LBP in the Past 12 Months
4. Discussion
4.1. Demographics and Anthropometrical Data
4.2. Prevalence of Lower Back Pain in the Past 12 Months and Associated Factors
4.3. Roland Morris Disability Score and Associated Factors
4.4. Limitations of This Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 347) | Equestrianism as Main Occupation | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 160) | No (n = 187) | |||
Age (years) | 28.20 ± 11.13 | 28.36 ± 10.29 | 28.07 ± 11.83 | 0.498 |
Height (cm) | 169.71 ± 8.93 | 170.46 ± 8.91 | 169.07 ± 8.91 | 0.052 |
Weight (kg) | 66.94 ± 12.74 | 67.79 ± 12.15 | 66.20 ± 13.21 | 0.166 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.12 ± 3.28 | 23.23 ± 3.10 | 23.03 ± 3.44 | 0.461 |
Years of practice | 16.92 ± 10.55 | 18.09 ± 9.68 | 15.91 ± 11.16 | 0.004 |
Sex (female/male) | 204/143 | 84/76 | 120/67 | 0.028 |
n = 347 | Lower Back Pain in the Past 12 Months | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | ||||
Female/male | 131/83 | 73/60 | 1.297 | 0.837–2.011 | 0.245 |
Rides 7 h or more per week/up to 6 h per week | 105/109 | 50/83 | 1.599 | 1.028–2.487 | 0.045 |
Main occupation/hobby | 108/106 | 52/81 | 1.587 | 1.023–2.463 | 0.039 |
Daily stable duties (yes/no) | 141/73 | 72/61 | 1.636 | 1.051–2.548 | 0.029 |
Other sports (yes/no) | 114/100 | 80/53 | 0.755 | 0.487–1.171 | 0.210 |
Warm-up before riding (yes/no) | 40/174 | 17/116 | 1.569 | 0.849–2.899 | 0.151 |
B (SE) | Beta | t | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.058 (0.047) | 0.134 | 1.235 | 0.218 |
BMI | 0.204 (0.097) | 0.149 | 2.112 | 0.036 |
Years of practice | −0.003 (0.049) | −0.007 | −0.066 | 0.948 |
n = 214 | Roland Morris Disability Score (RMDS) | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dysfunctional (RMDS > 4) | Functional (RMDS ≤ 4) | ||||
Female/Male | 60/46 | 71/37 | 0.6797 | 0.3911–1.1.181 | 0.171 |
Rides 7 h or more per week/up to 6 h per week | 56/50 | 49/59 | 1.349 | 0.788–2.309 | 0.276 |
Main occupation/hobby | 61/45 | 47/61 | 1.759 | 1.024–3.023 | 0.041 |
Daily stable duties (yes/no) | 76/30 | 65/43 | 1.676 | 0.946–2.969 | 0.077 |
Other sports (yes/no) | 54/52 | 60/48 | 0.831 | 0.485–1.422 | 0.499 |
Warm-up before riding (yes/no) | 20/86 | 20/88 | 1.023 | 0.515–2.035 | 0.948 |
Parameter | B (SE) | 95% Wald Confidence Interval | Wald Chi-Square | df | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 0.583 (0.401) | −0.203–1.369 | 2.116 | 1 | 0.146 |
Equestrinism as main occupation (yes/no) | −0.146 (0.102) | −0.347–0.054 | 2.044 | 1 | 0.153 |
Daily stable duties (yes/no) | 0.249 (0.115) | 0.025–0.474 | 4.728 | 1 | 0.030 |
Age | 0.011 (0.005) | 0.001–0.021 | 4.761 | 1 | 0.029 |
BMI | 0.032 (0.016) | <0.001–0.063 | 3.930 | 1 | 0.047 |
Predictor | Groups | EMM for RMDS | 95% Confidence Interval |
---|---|---|---|
Overall estimated mean (n = 214) | 5.31 | 4.78–5.90 | |
Equestrianism as main occupation | Yes (n = 108) | 5.71 | 4.93–6.63 |
No (n = 106) | 4.93 | 4.28–5.69 | |
Daily stable duties | Yes (n = 141) | 6.01 | 5.32–6.80 |
No (n = 73) | 4.69 | 3.92–5.61 |
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Duarte, C.; Santos, R.; Fernandes, O.; Raimundo, A. Prevalence of Lower Back Pain in Portuguese Equestrian Riders. Sports 2024, 12, 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12080207
Duarte C, Santos R, Fernandes O, Raimundo A. Prevalence of Lower Back Pain in Portuguese Equestrian Riders. Sports. 2024; 12(8):207. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12080207
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuarte, Carlota, Rute Santos, Orlando Fernandes, and Armando Raimundo. 2024. "Prevalence of Lower Back Pain in Portuguese Equestrian Riders" Sports 12, no. 8: 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12080207