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Article

Intelligent Monitoring System for Integrated Management of Historical Buildings

1
Department of Architectural and Structural Design, Faculty of Architecture, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
2
Department of Building Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
3
Faculty of Management, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Faculty of Architecture, University of Applied Sciences in Nysa, 48-300 Nysa, Poland
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Chair of Housing Environment, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University Technology, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
6
Chair of Architecture of Buildings, Faculty of Architecture, Urbanism and Design, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi 0175, Georgia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Buildings 2024, 14(7), 2108; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072108
Submission received: 7 May 2024 / Revised: 28 June 2024 / Accepted: 8 July 2024 / Published: 9 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Built Environments and Environmental Buildings)

Abstract

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a multi-method approach for the restoration of a historic building (train station) in Poland. The project employed field investigations, laboratory analyses, and close-range photogrammetry to create a Historic Building Information Model (HBIM). This comprehensive data set informed the development of targeted conservation strategies that addressed the station’s specific needs while respecting its historical significance. Interventions prioritized the use of locally sourced and sustainable materials, minimized the visual impact on the exterior, and achieved net-zero emissions through improvements to the building envelope and a switch to a heat pump heating system. Additionally, an intelligent monitoring system was implemented to continuously collect data on environmental conditions and structural displacement. These data will be used to develop a predictive model for future maintenance needs, allowing for a preventative approach to conservation and minimizing resource consumption. Overall, this project serves as a model for integrating advanced technologies in historical building conservation, promoting sustainable practices, and ensuring the longevity of irreplaceable cultural landmarks. The key findings derived from this approach encompass a comprehensive assessment of the station’s condition, optimized conservation strategies, insights from HBIM modeling, and the ongoing benefits of the intelligent monitoring system. Field investigations revealed several areas of concern, such as structural cracks, material deterioration, moisture infiltration, and significant heat loss through the building envelope. This information was crucial for developing targeted conservation strategies. The use of internal thermal insulation systems, particularly capillary active mineral blocks, significantly improved thermal performance. Moisture management interventions, including the restoration of the rainwater drainage system and the application of moisture-proof insulation, reduced reliance on the municipal water supply. The intelligent monitoring system, with sensors measuring temperature, humidity, and structural displacement, plays a crucial role in ongoing conservation efforts. This system allows for continuous monitoring and the development of predictive models, ensuring targeted and preventative maintenance, reducing resource consumption, and extending the lifespan of the building.
Keywords: monitoring technologies; HBIM; historical building conservation monitoring technologies; HBIM; historical building conservation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wojciechowska, G.; Bednarz, Ł.J.; Dolińska, N.; Opałka, P.; Krupa, M.; Imnadze, N. Intelligent Monitoring System for Integrated Management of Historical Buildings. Buildings 2024, 14, 2108. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072108

AMA Style

Wojciechowska G, Bednarz ŁJ, Dolińska N, Opałka P, Krupa M, Imnadze N. Intelligent Monitoring System for Integrated Management of Historical Buildings. Buildings. 2024; 14(7):2108. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072108

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciechowska, Gabriela, Łukasz Jan Bednarz, Noëlla Dolińska, Piotr Opałka, Michał Krupa, and Nino Imnadze. 2024. "Intelligent Monitoring System for Integrated Management of Historical Buildings" Buildings 14, no. 7: 2108. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072108

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