Investigating Factors Impacting Power Generation Efficiency in Photovoltaic Double-Skin Facade Curtain Walls
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Method
2.1. Ventilated Photovoltaic Glass Curtain Wall System Model
2.2. Theoretical Model of Ventilated Photovoltaic Curtain Wall System
2.3. Calculation of the Heat Transfer Coefficient
2.3.1. Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient
2.3.2. Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficient
2.3.3. Energy Absorption by Glass Curtain Wall
2.4. Evaluation Indicators
2.5. Case Data
2.5.1. Meteorological Data
2.5.2. Performance Parameters
2.5.3. Relationship between the Installation Tilt Angle and Power Generation
2.6. Validation of the Model
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Temperature of the Photovoltaic Glass Affected by the Solar Radiation
3.2. Impact of the Tilt Angle on Photovoltaic Power Generation
3.3. Impact of the Ventilation Spacing on the Photovoltaic Power Generation Efficiency
3.4. Impact of the Seasonal Change on the Power Generation Efficiency
3.5. Impact of the Photovoltaic Glass Transmittance on the Power Generation Efficiency
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
A | area, m2 |
Ag | temperature fluctuation range |
am | solar radiation absorption coefficient of photovoltaic module |
ag | absorption coefficient of inner glass to solar radiation |
a | coefficient of gas expansion, m2/s |
cg | inner glass specific heat, J/(kg·K) |
cm | component specific heat capacity, J/(kg·K) |
dm | component thickness, mm |
E | solar radiation energy, W/m2 |
hconv,a,m | convection heat transfer coefficient between outdoor air and surface air of photovoltaic panel, W/(m2·K) |
hr,m,sky | radiant heat transfer coefficient of sky and photovoltaic panel surface, W/(m2·K) |
hr,m,gro | radiative heat transfer coefficient between sky and ground, W/(m2·K) |
hr,m,g | radiant heat transfer coefficient between photovoltaic panel and inner glass, W/(m2·K) |
hconv,m,g | convective heat transfer coefficient between photovoltaic panel and inner glass, W/(m2·K) |
hconv,g,room | convective heat transfer coefficient between inner glass and interior, W/(m2·K) |
hr,g,room | radiant heat transfer coefficient between component and sky, W/(m2·K) |
hr,room,g | radiant heat transfer coefficient between inner glass and interior, W/(m2·K) |
hconv,m,g | convective heat transfer coefficient between inner glass and photovoltaic panel, W/(m2·K) |
Pout | output power, W |
Ra | Rayleigh number |
Ta | environment temperature, K |
Tsky | sky effective temperature, K |
Tm | photovoltaic module surface temperature, K |
Tg | inner glass temperature, K |
Tgro | surface temperature, K |
Troom | indoor temperature, K |
tgro | average annual temperature of soil surface, °C |
Tdb | dew point temperature, K |
Xm-sky | the radiation Angle coefficient of photovoltaic module to the sky |
Xm-gro | the radiation Angle coefficient of photovoltaic module to the ground |
y | depth from the surface of the soil, m |
Greek Symbols | |
εsky | sky emissivity |
αm | absorption coefficient of photovoltaic module |
αg | inner glass absorption coefficient |
τm | transmittance |
λ | fan coil supply air |
Φ | absorbed radiation, W |
ν | kinematic viscosity |
ρm | density |
Subscripts | |
a | outdoor air |
g | inner glass |
m | photovoltaic module |
sky | sky |
gro | ground |
Abbreviation | |
BIPV | building integrated photovoltaics |
VPV IGU | vacuum photovoltaic insulating glass unit |
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Component Size (mm) | Power (W) | Air Layer Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|
1390 × 1029 | 150 | 12 |
Photovoltaic Module | Density (kg/m3) | Specific Heat (J/(kg·K)) | Thickness (mm) | Heat Capacity (J/k) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Encapsulation glass | 3000 | 500 | 5 | 10,725 |
Solar cell | 2330 | 677 | 0.3 | 676.7 |
Laminated glass | 3000 | 500 | 5 | 10,725 |
Total | - | - | - | 22,126.7 |
Installation Angle (°) | Ratio of Lost Power Generation (%) |
---|---|
0 | −13.26 |
10 | −6.86 |
20 | −2.53 |
30 | −0.26 |
40 | −0.38 |
50 | −2.78 |
60 | −7.25 |
70 | −13.56 |
80 | −21.73 |
90 | −31.30 |
Parameters (°C) | ERROR (%) | MAE | MAPE (%) | RMSE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tg | 0.37 | 1.12 | 0.36 | 1.38 |
Tm | 0.33 | 1.00 | 0.32 | 1.23 |
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Zhou, X.; Zhou, X.; Zhu, X.; Liu, J.; Zhou, S. Investigating Factors Impacting Power Generation Efficiency in Photovoltaic Double-Skin Facade Curtain Walls. Buildings 2024, 14, 2632. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092632
Zhou X, Zhou X, Zhu X, Liu J, Zhou S. Investigating Factors Impacting Power Generation Efficiency in Photovoltaic Double-Skin Facade Curtain Walls. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2632. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092632
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Xiaoxuan, Xue Zhou, Xiangyuan Zhu, Jiying Liu, and Shiyu Zhou. 2024. "Investigating Factors Impacting Power Generation Efficiency in Photovoltaic Double-Skin Facade Curtain Walls" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2632. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092632