Demographic Characteristics of Unvaccinated Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Barwon South West, Victoria, Australia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Sample Demographic Profile
3.2. Demographic Profile of SARS-CoV-2 Cases and Predicting Asymptomatic Infection
3.3. Ethnicity and Asymptomatic Infection
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | Count | % (95% CI) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | A | Total | S | A | |
Total | 265 | 63 | 328 | 80.8% (76.1–84.9) | 19.2% (15.1–23.9) |
Age (years) (S = 265) (A = 63) | |||||
Youth (18–24 yrs) | 56 | 7 | 63 | 88.9% (78.4–95.4) | 11.1% (4.6–21.6) |
Young adult (25–44) | 114 | 44 | 158 | 72.2% (64.5–79.0) | 27.9% (21.0–35.5) |
Adult (45–64) | 87 | 8 | 95 | 91.6% (84.1–96.3) | 8.4% (3.7–15.9) |
Senior (65+) | 8 | 4 | 12 | 66.7% (34.9–90.0) | 33.3% (9.9–65.1) |
Sex (S = 265) (A = 63) | |||||
Male | 138 | 37 | 175 | 78.8% (72.1–84.7) | 21.1% (15.3–27.9) |
Female | 127 | 26 | 153 | 83.0% (76.1–88.6) | 17.0% (11.4–23.9) |
Ethnicity (S = 199) (A = 60) | |||||
Caucasian | 132 | 21 | 153 | 86.3% (79.8–91.3) | 13.7% (8.7–20.2) |
Southeast Asian | 18 | 7 | 25 | 72.0% (50.6–87.9) | 28.0% (12.1–49.4) |
Northeast Asian | 10 | 7 | 17 | 58.8% (13.9–81.6) | 41.2% (18.4–67.1) |
Southern and Central Asian | 5 | 2 | 7 | 71.4% (29.0–96.3) | 28.6% (3.7–71.0) |
African | 6 | 3 | 9 | 66,7% (29.9–92.5) | 33.3% (7,5–70.1) |
Middle Eastern | 4 | 2 | 6 | 66.7% (22.3–95.7) | 33.3% (4.3–77.7) |
Other | 24 | 18 | 42 | 57.1% (41.0–72.2) | 42.9% (27.7–59.0) |
Occupation (S = 222) (A = 58) | |||||
Healthcare worker | 34 | 2 | 36 | 94.4% (81.3–99.3) | 5.5% (0.7–18.7) |
Essential service worker | 55 | 14 | 69 | 79.7% (68.3–88.4) | 20.3% (11.6–31.7) |
Residential age care worker | 15 | 2 | 17 | 88.2% (63.6–98.5) | 11.8% (1.5–36.4) |
Other working | 67 | 9 | 76 | 88.2% (78.7–94.4) | 11.8% (5.6–21.3) |
Other not working | 13 | 5 | 18 | 72.2% (46.5–90.3) | 27.8% (9.7–53.5) |
Other unknown | 38 | 26 | 64 | 59.4% (43.4–71.5) | 40.6% (28.5–53.6) |
Living (S = 254) (A = 63) | |||||
Family | 197 | 36 | 233 | 84.5% (79.3–88.9) | 15.5% (11.1–20.7) |
Friends/housemates | 46 | 24 | 70 | 65.7% (53.4–76.7) | 34.3% (23.2–46.6) |
Alone | 11 | 3 | 14 | 78.6% (49.2–95.3) | 21.4% (4.7–50.8) |
Comorbidity (S = 265) (A = 63) | |||||
Yes | 33 | 7 | 40 | 82.5% (67.2–92.7) | 17.5% (7.3–32.8) |
None reported | 232 | 56 | 288 | 80.6% (75.5–85.0) | 19.4% (15.0–24.5) |
Smoker status (S = 99) (A = 11) | |||||
Never | 55 | 10 | 65 | 84.6% (73.5–92.4) | 15.3% (7.6–26.5) |
Current | 12 | 1 | 13 | 92.3% (64.8–99.8) | 7.7% (0.2–36.0) |
Former | 32 | 0 | 32 | 100% (89.1–1.0 *) | 0.0% |
Exposure location (S = 183) (A = 47) | |||||
Household | 95 | 22 | 117 | 81.2% (72.9–87.8) | 18.8% (12.2–27.1) |
Workplace | 65 | 16 | 81 | 80.2% (69.9–82.3) | 19.8% (11.7–30.1) |
Other | 23 | 9 | 32 | 71.9% (53.3–86.3) | 28.1% (13.7–46.7) |
Unadjusted | Adjusted (n = 179) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI |
Age (years) (S = 265) (A = 63) | ||||
Youth 18–24 (RC) | 1.0 | |||
Young Adults 25–44 | 3.1 ** | 1.3–7.3 | 2.2 | 0.8–5.8 |
Adults 45–64 | 0.7 | 0.3–2.1 | 0.7 | 0.2–2.3 |
Seniors 65+ | 4.0 | 1.0–16.8 | 6.9 * | 1.3–35.8 |
Sex (S = 265) (A = 63) | ||||
Male (RC) | 1.0 | |||
Female | 0.8 | 0.8–2.3 | 1.2 | 0.6–2.2 |
Ethnicity (S = 199) (A = 60) | ||||
Caucasian (RC) | 1.0 | |||
Asian | 3.0 ** | 1.4–6.5 | 2.8 ** | 1.2–6.4 |
African | 3.1 | 0.7–13.5 | 2.2 | 0.4–12.5 |
Middle Eastern | 3.1 | 0.5–18.2 | 3.0 | 0.4–20.6 |
Other | 4.7 ** | 2.2–10.1 | 4.5 | 2.0–10.2 |
Occupation (S = 222) (A = 58) | ||||
Healthcare worker (RC) | 1.0 | |||
Essential service worker | 4.3 | 0.9–20.2 | ||
Residential age care worker | 2.3 | 0.3–17.6 | ||
Other working | 2.3 | 0.5–11.2 | ||
Other not working | 6.5 * | 1.1–38.0 | ||
Other unknown | 11.6 *** | 2.6–52.7 | ||
Living situation (S = 254) (A = 63) | ||||
Alone (RC) | 1.0 | |||
With Family | 0.7 | 0.2–2.5 | ||
With Friends/Housemates | 1.9 | 0.5–7.5 | ||
Comorbidity (S = 265) (A = 63) | ||||
None reported (RC) | 1.0 | |||
Yes | 0.9 | 0.3–2.1 | ||
Smoker status (S = 99) (A = 11) | ||||
Never (RC) | 1.0 | |||
Current | 0.5 | 0.1–3.9 | ||
Former | 1.0 | |||
Exposure type (S = 183) (A = 47) | ||||
Other (RC) | 1.0 | |||
Household | 0.6 | 0.2–1.5 | ||
Workplace | 0.6 | 0.2–1.6 |
Symptom Profile n (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Ethnicity | Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | Total |
Caucasian | 21 (13.7%) | 132 (86.3%) | 153 |
Southeast Asian | 7 (28.0%) | 18 (72.0%) | 25 |
Northeast Asian | 7 (41.2%) | 10 (58.8%) | 17 |
Southern and Central Asian | 2 (28.6%) | 5 (71.4%) | 7 |
African | 3 (33.3%) | 6 (66.7%) | 9 |
Middle Eastern | 2 (33.3%) | 4 (66.7%) | 6 |
Other minorities | 18 (42.9%) | 24 (57.1%) | 42 |
Total | 60 | 199 | 259 |
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Tobin-Salzman, S.C.; Cooper, D.; McNamara, B.J.; Athan, E.; Bennett, C.M. Demographic Characteristics of Unvaccinated Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Barwon South West, Victoria, Australia. Pathogens 2023, 12, 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121420
Tobin-Salzman SC, Cooper D, McNamara BJ, Athan E, Bennett CM. Demographic Characteristics of Unvaccinated Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Barwon South West, Victoria, Australia. Pathogens. 2023; 12(12):1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121420
Chicago/Turabian StyleTobin-Salzman, Shinae C., Darcie Cooper, Bridgette J. McNamara, Eugene Athan, and Catherine M. Bennett. 2023. "Demographic Characteristics of Unvaccinated Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Barwon South West, Victoria, Australia" Pathogens 12, no. 12: 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121420
APA StyleTobin-Salzman, S. C., Cooper, D., McNamara, B. J., Athan, E., & Bennett, C. M. (2023). Demographic Characteristics of Unvaccinated Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Barwon South West, Victoria, Australia. Pathogens, 12(12), 1420. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121420