Protozoan Parasites of Iranian Freshwater Fishes: Review, Composition, Classification, and Modeling Distribution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Spatial Analysis
2.4.1. Occurrence Record
2.4.2. Protozoan Occurrences Map
- i = 1, …, n are the input points. Only points that are in the radius distance of the (x,y) location come into account.
- speciesi is the species field value (in this case, the number of individual protozoan species) of point i.
- disti is the distance between the (x,y) location and point i.
2.5. Distribution Modeling
2.5.1. Environmental Variables
2.5.2. Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of Published Reports
3.2. Spatial Analysis
Protozoan Occurrence Map
3.3. Distribution Modeling
3.3.1. Model Performance and Contribution of Environmental Variables
3.3.2. Predicted Current Potential Distribution
3.3.3. Future Suitable Climate Spaces
4. Discussion
4.1. Host-Parasite List
4.2. Mapping Distribution
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Climate Type | IDM Values |
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Arid | IDM < 10 |
Semi-arid | 10 ≤ IDM < 20 |
Mediterranean | 20 ≤ IDM < 24 |
Semi-humid | 24 ≤ IDM < 28 |
Humid | 28 ≤ IDM < 35 |
Very humid | 35 ≤ IDM < 55 |
Categories | Name of Variables | Unit |
---|---|---|
Bioclimatic variables | Annual mean temperature (BIO1) | °C |
Mean diurnal range (mean of monthly max temp–min temp) (BIO2) | °C | |
Isothermality (BIO2/BIO7) (×100) (BIO3) | °C | |
Temperature seasonality (standard deviation ×100) (BIO4) | °C | |
Max temperature of warmest month (BIO5) | °C | |
Mean temperature of wettest quarter (BIO8) | °C | |
Mean temperature of driest quarter (BIO9) | °C | |
Annual precipitation (BIO12) | mm | |
Precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation) (BIO15) | mm | |
Precipitation of driest quarter (BIO17) | mm | |
Precipitation of warmest quarter (BIO18) | mm | |
Precipitation of coldest quarter (BIO19) | mm | |
Topography variables | Elevation (DEM) | m |
Slope | % | |
Aspect (Asp) | Degrees |
Parasite | Host Taxonomy | Host Name | Infected Organ | Environment, Type | Basin | Locality | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ph: Apicomplexa Cl: Conoidasida Or: Eucoccidiorida Fa: Eimeriidae | |||||||
Goussia carpelli (Leger and Stankovich, 1921) Dykova and Lom, 1983 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Cyprinus carpio | Intestine | FW, Re, Ri | Caspian | Aras, SefidRood | [31,32] |
Goussia sinensis Chen, 1956 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Xenocyprididae | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Intestine | FW, Ri | Caspian | SefidRood | [32] |
Ph: Apicomplexa Cl: Conoidasida Or: Eucoccidiorida Fa: Haemogregarinidae | |||||||
Haemogregarina acipenseris Navrotskii, 1914 | OR: Acipenseriformes FA: Acipenseridae | Acipenser gueldenstaedtii | Blood | BW, S | Caspian | Caspian | [33] |
Acipenser persicus | Blood | BW, S | Caspian | Caspian | [33] | ||
Ph: Choanozoa Cl: Ichthyosporea Or: Dermocystida Fa: Dermocystidae | |||||||
Dermocystidium salmonis Davis 1947 | OR: Salmoniformes FA: Salmonidae | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Gills | FW, Fa | Tigris | Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari | [10] |
Ph: Ciliophora Cl: Litostomatea Or: Pleurostomatida Fa: Amphileptidae | |||||||
Amphileptus branchiarum Weinrich, 1924 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Capoeta capoeta | Skin, fins | FW, Ri | Urmia | Zangmar | [8] |
Ph: Ciliophora Cl: Litostomatea Or: Vestibuliferida Fa: Balantidiidae | |||||||
Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni Chen, 1955 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Xenocyprididae | Ctenopharyngodon idella | Intestine | FW, L | Sistan | Hamun | [34] |
Ph: Ciliophora Cl: Oligohymenophorea Or: Hymenostomatida Fa: Ichthyophthiriidae | |||||||
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 | OR: Acipenseriformes FA: Acipenseridae | Acipenser persicus | Gills | FW, Fa | Caspian | International Sturgeon Fa | [35] |
OR: Acipenseriformes FA: Acipenseridae | Acipenser stellatus | Gills | FW, Fa | Caspian | International Sturgeon Fa | [35] | |
OR: Acipenseriformes FA: Acipenseridae | Huso huso | Gills | FW, Fa | Caspian | International Sturgeon Fa | [36] | |
OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Arabibarbus grypus | Skin, gills | FW, Ri, W | Karun; Tigris | Karun, Karkheh, Shadegan; Armand | [37,38] | |
Barbus lacerta | gills | FW, Ri | Kavir | HablehRood | [39] | ||
Capoeta aculeata | Gills, skin | FW, Ri, W | Isfahan; Tigris; Kavir | ZayandehRood; Armand, Choghakhor; Kaaj; HablehRood | [38,39,40,41,42] | ||
Capoeta barroisi | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Kor | Fahlian | [43] | ||
Capoeta capoeta | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Caspian; Isfahan; Urmia | SefidRood, NekaRood, SojasRood; ZayandehRood; Sarysou, Zangmar | [8,9,44,45,46] | ||
Capoeta damascina | Gills, skin | FW, Q, Ri, W | Kerman- Nain; Isfahan; Tigris, Urmia; Kavir | Jafar abad, Konaroiyeh; ZayandehRood; Armand, Kaaj; Choghakhor; ZarinehRood; HablehRood | [7,38,39,40,41,42,44,47] | ||
Capoeta trutta | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Karun | Dez | [48] | ||
Carasobarbus luteus | Gills, skin | FW, L, W | Kor; Karun | Parishan; HoorAlazim | [49,50] | ||
Carassius carassius | Gills, skin | FW, L, Re | Kor; Urmia | Parishan; Aras | [8,49] | ||
Carassius auratus | Gills, skin | FW, Ri, W | Tigris; Caspian; Isfahan | Choghakhor; SefidRood; Hanna | [9,41,51] | ||
Carassius gibelio | Gills, skin | FW, Ri, Lg, W | Urmia; Caspian; Tigris | ZarrinehRood; Anzali, SefidRood; Gandoman, | [9,52,53,54,55] | ||
Sooleghan | |||||||
Cyprinion macrostomum | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Karun; Kor | Dez; Fahlian | [43,48] | ||
Cyprinus carpio | Gills, skin, fin | FW, Ri, Re, Fa, Lg, W, L | Urmia; Caspian; Karun; Tigris; Kor; Isfahan | ZarrinehRood; Mazandaran, Anzali, Dashte Naz, SefidRood; HoorAlazim, Sooleghan, Vahdat, Gandoman; Parishan; ZayandehRood | [9,40,49,50,52,54,55,56,57,58,59] | ||
Luciobarbus barbulus | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Karun; Tigris | Dez; Armand | [38,48] | ||
Luciobarbus capito | Skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | Aras | [8] | ||
Luciobarbus esocinus | Skin | FW, Ri, W | Karun | Karun, Karkheh, Shadegan | [37] | ||
Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi | Gills, skin | FW, Ri, W | Karun | Karun, Karkheh, Shadegan, HoorAlazim | [37,50] | ||
Schizocypris altidorsalis | Skin | FW, L | Sistan | Hamun | [34] | ||
Schizothorax pelzami | Skin | FW, L | Sistan | Hamun | [34] | ||
Schizothorax zarudnyi | Gills, skin | FW, L, Fa | Sistan | Hamun, Zahak | [34,60] | ||
OR: Cypriniformes FA: Leuciscidae | Abramis brama | Skin | FW, Re | Urmia | Aras | [8] | |
Acanthobrama persidis | Gills | FW, L | Kor | Kuftar | [61] | ||
Alburnoides eichwaldii | Skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | Aras | [8] | ||
Alburnoides tabarestanensis | Gills | FW, Re, Ri | Caspian | Alborz, BabolRood | [62] | ||
Alburnus chalcoides | Gills | FW, Ri | Isfahan; Caspian | ZayandehRood; Cheshmeh Kileh, ShiRood | [6,40] | ||
Alburnus hohenackeri | Gills, skin | FW, L | Tigris | Zarivar | [63] | ||
Alburnus mossulensis | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Kor | Fahlian | [43] | ||
Chondrostoma orientale | Gills, skin | FW, L, W | Kor; Tigris | Kuftar; Choghakhor | [41,61] | ||
Chondrostoma regium | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Tigris; Isfahan | Kaaj, Behesht Abad; ZayandehRood | [42,44,64] | ||
Leuciscus vorax | Gills, skin | FW, W | Karun | HoorAlazim | [50] | ||
Squalius cephalus | Gills | FW, Ri | Urmia; Caspian | ZarinehRood; | [7] | ||
NekaRood, Chalus, Tajan, ShiRood, SiahRood | [46,65,66] | ||||||
Vimba vimba | Gills | FW, Ri | Caspian | Cheshmeh Kileh | [65] | ||
OR: Cypriniformes FA: Xenocyprididae | Ctenopharyngodon idella | Gills | FW, Ri | Isfahan; Caspian; Urmia | ZayandehRood; SefidRood; ZarrinehRood | [9,40,52] | |
Hemiculter leucisculus | not stated | FW, Lg | Caspian | Anzali | [56] | ||
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Gills, skin, fin | FW, Fa, Ri | Caspian | Gilan, SefidRood, Mazandaran | [9,57,67] | ||
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis | Skin, fin | FW, Fa | Caspian | Mazandaran | [57] | ||
OR: Cyprinodontiformes FA: Aphaniidae | Aphanius sophiae | Gills, skin | FW, Sp | Kor | Safashahr | [68] | |
Aphanius vladykovi | Gills, skin | FW, Ri, L | Isfahan; Tigris | ZayandehRood; Behesht Abad, Shalamzar, Salm | [40,64,69] | ||
OR: Esociformes FA: Esocidae | Esox lucius | Gills | FW, Lg, Ri | Caspian | Anzali, ShiRood | [56,65,70] | |
OR: Mugiliformes FA: Mugilidae | Chelon auratus | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | Zardi | [11] | |
Planiliza abu | Gills, skin | FW, W | Karun | HoorAlazim | [50] | ||
OR: Perciformes FA: Gasterosteidae | Gasterosteus aculeatus | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | Zardi | [11] | |
OR: Salmoniformes FA: Salmonidae | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Surface of eyes, gills, skin, fin | FW, Ri, Fa | Caspian | Haraz, Mazandaran, Chalus | [10,57,71,72,73] | |
OR: Siluriformes FA: Sisoridae | Glyptothorax silviae | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Tigris | Armand | [38] | |
Silurus glanis | Gills, skin | FW, Lg, Re | Caspian; Urmia | Anzali; Aras | [60,74] | ||
OR: Synbranchiformes FA: Mastacembelidae | Mastacembelus mastacembelus | Gills | FW, L | Tigris | Zarivar | [63] | |
Ph: Ciliophora Cl: Oligohymenophorea Or: Hymenostomatida Fa: Tetrahymenidae | |||||||
Tetrahymena pyriformis Ehrenberg, 1830 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Capoeta capoeta | Skin | FW, Ri | Urmia | Zangmar | [8] |
Ph: Ciliophora Cl: Oligohymenophorea Or: Mobilida Fa: Trichodinidae | |||||||
Trichodina domerguei Wallengren, 1897 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Barbus lacerta | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | SefidRood | [9] |
Capoeta capoeta | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | SefidRood | [9] | ||
Cyprinus carpio | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | SefidRood | [9] | ||
Luciobarbus capito | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | SefidRood | [9] | ||
OR: Cypriniformes FA: Leuciscidae | Abramis brama | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | SefidRood | [9] | |
Alburnoides eichwaldii | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | SefidRood | [9] | ||
Trichodina gracilis Polyanski, 1995 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Capoeta razii | Gills | FW, Ri | Caspian | BabolRood | [62] |
Trichodina perforata Lom, Golemansky and Grupcheva, 1976 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Barbus lacerta | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Urmia | SojasRood | [45] |
Capoeta capoeta | Gills, skin | FW, Ri, Re | Urmia | Zangmar, Ghezel Ozan, SojasRood, Hasan Abdaal | [8,45] | ||
Carassius auratus | Gills, skin, fins | FW, Re | Isfahan | Hanna | [51] | ||
Luciobarbus capito | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Urmia | Aras, Sarysou | [8] | ||
OR: Cypriniformes FA: Leuciscidae | Abramis brama | Gills, skin | FW, Re | Urmia | Aras | [8] | |
Alburnoides eichwaldii | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Urmia | Aras, Sarysou | [8,45] | ||
Alburnus filippii | Skin | FW, Ri | Urmia | SojasRood | [45] | ||
Blicca bjoerkna | Gills, skin, fins | FW, Lg | Caspian | Anzali | [75] | ||
OR: Cypriniformes FA: Xenocyprididae | Hemiculter leucisculus | Gills, skin, fins | FW, Lg | Caspian | Anzali | [75] | |
OR: Perciformes FA: Percidae | Sander lucioperca | Gills, skin | FW, Re | Urmia | Aras | [8] | |
OR: Siluriformes FA: Siluridae | Siluris glanis | Gills, skin | FW, Re | Urmia | Aras | [8] | |
Trichodina pediculus Ehrenberg, 1831 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Capoeta damascina | Gills | FW, L | Tigris | Zarivar | [63] |
Cyprinus carpio | Gills | FW, L | Tigris | Zarivar | [63] | ||
OR: Synbranchiformes FA: Mastacembelidae | Mastacembelus mastacembelus | Gills | FW, L | Tigris | Zarivar | [63] | |
Trichodina truttae Mueller, 1937 | OR: Salmoniformes FA: Salmonidae | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Skin, fins | FW, Ri | Caspian | Chalus | [72] |
Trichodina reticulata Hirschmann and Partsch, 1955 | OR: Acipenseriformes FA: Acipenseridae | Acipenser gueldenstaedtii | not stated | FW, Fa | Caspian | Shahid Beheshty | [76] |
Acipenser persicus | not stated | FW, Fa | Caspian | Shahid Beheshty | [76] | ||
Acipenser stellatus | not stated | FW, Fa | Caspian | Shahid Beheshty | [76] | ||
OR: Mugiliformes FA: Mugilidae | Chelon auratus | not stated | BW, S | Caspian | Kiashahr, Anzali, Chamkhaleh | [77] | |
Trichodinella subtilis Lom, 1959 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Cyprinus carpio | Skin | FW, Fa | Urmia | West Azerbaijan | [10] |
Tripartiella lata Lom 1963 | OR: Salmoniformes FA: Salmonidae | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Skin | FW, Fa | Urmia | West Azerbaijan | [10] |
Ph: Ciliophora Cl: Phyllopharyngea Or: Chlamydodontida Fa: Chilodonellidae | |||||||
Chilodonella cyprini (Moroff, 1902) Strand, 1928 | OR: Cyprinodontiformes FA: Aphaniidae | Squalius cephalus | Skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | Chalus | [72] |
OR: Salmoniformes FA: Salmonidae | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Skin | FW, Fa, Ri | Tigris; Caspian | Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari; Chalus | [10,72] | |
Chilodonella piscicola (Zacharias 1894) Jankowski 1980 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Capoeta capoeta | Gills, skin | FW, Ri | Urmia | Ghezel Ozan | [45] |
OR: Cypriniformes FA: Xenocyprididae | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Gills, skin, fins | FW, Fa | Caspian | Gilan | [67] | |
Ph: Ciliophora Cl: Spirotrichea Or: Sporadotrichida Fa: Oxytrichidae | |||||||
Stylonychia pustulata (Müller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1835 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Capoeta capoeta | Gills | FW, Ri | Urmia | Zangmar | [8] |
Ph: Euglenozoa Cl: Kinetoplastea Or: Ichthyobodonidae Fa: Ichthyobodonidae | |||||||
Ichthyobodo necator Henneguy, 1928 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Arabibarbus grypus | Skin | FW, W | Karun | HoorAlazim | [7] |
Capoeta capoeta | Gills | FW, Ri, Re | Urmia; Caspian | ZarinehRood; Sohreyn | [7,45] | ||
Carassius auratus | Skin | FW, Lg | Caspian | Anzali | [10] | ||
OR: Cypriniformes FA: Leuciscidae | Leuciscus vorax | Gills | FW, W | Karun | HoorAlazim | [7] | |
OR: Cyprinodontiformes FA: Aphaniidae | Aphanius vladykovi | Skin | FW, L | Tigris | Shalamzar | [69] | |
OR: Cypriniformes FA: Xenocyprididae | Hemiculter leucisculus | Skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | Zardi | [11] | |
OR: Mugiliformes FA: Mugilidae | Chelon auratus | Skin | FW, Ri | Caspian | Zardi | [11] | |
Planiliza abu | Skin, gills | FW, W, Ri | Karun | HoorAlazim, Karun | [7] | ||
Ph: Euglenozoa Cl: Kinetoplastea Or: Parabodonida Fa: Cryptobiaceae | |||||||
Cryptobia branchialis Nie in Chen, 1956 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Xenocyprididae | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Gills, skin, fins | FW, Fa | Karun; Caspian | Khouzestan; Guilan | [7,67] |
Ph: Euglenozoa Cl: Kinetoplastea Or: Parabodonida Fa: Cryptobiaceae | |||||||
Trypanoplasma acipenseris Ioff, Lewashow, Boschenko, 1926 | OR: Acipenseriformes FA: Acipenseridae | Acipenser gueldenstaedtii | Blood | BW, S | Caspian | Caspian | [33] |
OR: Acipenseriformes FA: Acipenseridae | Acipenser persicus | Blood | BW, S | Caspian | Caspian | [33] | |
Trypanoplasma borelli Laveran et Mesnil, 1901 | OR: Salmoniformes FA: Salmonidae | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Blood | FW, Fa | Tigris | Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari | [78] |
Ph: Euglenozoa Cl: Kinetoplastea Or: Trypanosomatida Fa: Trypanosomatidae | |||||||
Trypanosoma percae Brumpt, 1906 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Leuciscidae | Alburnus chalcoides | Blood | FW, Ri | Caspian | Sefidrood | [79] |
OR: Perciformes FA: Percidae | Perca fluviatilis | Blood | FW, W, S | Caspian | Amirkelayeh, Caspian | [7,80] | |
Ph: Fornicata Cl: Trepomonadea Or: Diplomonadida Fa: Hexamitidae | |||||||
Hexamita salmonis (Moore, 1923) Wenyon, 1926 | OR: Salmoniformes FA: Salmonidae | Oncorhynchus mykiss | Intestine | FW, Fa | Tigris; Urmia | Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari; West Azerbaijan | [10,78] |
Ph: Tubulinea Cl: Elardia Or: Arcellinida Fa: Arcellidae | |||||||
Arcella vulgaris Ehrenberg, 1830 | OR: Cypriniformes FA: Cyprinidae | Capoeta capoeta | Skin | FW, Ri | Urmia | Zangmar | [8] |
Host | Parasite Species |
---|---|
Class Actinopterygii | |
Order Acipenseriformes | |
Family Acipenseridae Bonaparte, 1831 | |
Genus Acipenser Linnaeus, 1758 | |
Species Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt and Ratzeburg, 1833 | Haemogregarina acipenseris |
Trichodina reticulata | |
Trypanoplasma acipenseris | |
Species Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 | Haemogregarina acipenseris |
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis | |
Trichodina reticulata | |
Trypanoplasma acipenseris | |
Species Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Trichodina reticulata | |
Genus Huso Brandt and Ratzeburg, 1833 | |
Species Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Order Cypriniformes | |
Family Cyprinidae Rafinesque, 1815 | |
Genus Arabibarbus Borkenhagen, 2014 | |
Species Arabibarbus grypus Heckel, 1843 | |
Synonym: Barbus grypus Heckel, 1843 | Ichthyobodo necator Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843 | |
Synonym: Barbus lacerta cyri De Filippi, 1865 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Trichodina domerguei | |
Trichodina perforate | |
Genus Capoeta Valenciennes, 1842 | |
Species Capoeta aculeata Valenciennes, 1844 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Capoeta barroisi Lortet, 1894 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Capoeta capoeta Güldenstädt, 1773 | Arcella vulgaris Amphileptus branchiarum Chilodonella piscicola Ichthyobodo necator Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Stylonychia pustulata Tetrahymena pyriformis Trichodina domerguei Trichodina perforata |
Comment: The subspecies, Capoeta capoeta gracilis Keyserling, 1861), which has been considered as an Iranian subspecies, is recognized as a full species [81] | |
Species Capoeta damascina Valenciennes, 1842 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Trichodina pediculus | |
Species Capoeta razii Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Ghanavi and Doadrio 2017 | Trichodina gracilis |
Species Capoeta trutta Heckel, 1843 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Genus Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 | |
Species Carasobarbus luteus Heckel, 1843 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Synonym: Barbus luteus Heckel, 1843 | |
Genus Carassius Jarocki, 1822 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Ichthyobodo necator Trichodina perforata |
Species Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758 | |
Synonym: Carassius auratus auratus Linnaeus, 1758 | |
Species Carassius Carassius Linnaeus, 1758 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Synonym: Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch, 1782 | |
Genus Cyprinion Heckel, 1843 | |
Species Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Genus Cyprinus Linnaeus, 1758 | |
Species Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 | Goussia carpelli |
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis | |
Trichodina domerguei | |
Trichodina pediculus | |
Trichodinella subtilis | |
Genus Luciobarbus Heckel, 1849 | |
Species Luciobarbus barbulus Heckel, 1849 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Synonym: Barbus barbulus Heckel, 1849 | |
Species Luciobarbus brachycephalus Kessler, 1872 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Synonym: Barbus brachycephalus Kessler, 1872 | |
Species Luciobarbus capito Güldenstaedt, 1773 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Synonym: Barbus capito Güldenstaedt, 1773 | Trichodina domerguei |
Trichodina perforata | |
Species Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Synonym: Barbus esocinus Heckel, 1843 | |
Genus Mesopotamichthys Karaman, 1971 | |
Species Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi Günther, 1874 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Synonym: Barbus sharpeyi Günther, 1874 | |
Genus Schizocypris Regan, 1914 | |
Species Schizocypris altidorsalis Bianco and Banarescu, 1982 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Comment: Schizocypris altidorsalis formerly identified as Schizocypris brucei Regan, 1914 (El-Dairi and House 2019) | |
Genus Schizothorax Heckel, 1838 | |
Species Schizothorax pelzami Kessler, 1870 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Schizothorax zarudnyi Nikol’skii, 1897 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Family Leuciscidae Bonaparte, 1835 | |
Genus Abramis Cuvier, 1816 | |
Species Abramis brama Linnaeus, 1758 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Trichodina domerguei | |
Trichodina perforata | |
Genus Acanthobrama Heckel, 1843 | |
Species Acanthobrama persidis Coad, 1981 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Synonym: Leuciscus persidis Coad, 1981 | |
Genus Blicca Heckel, 1843 | |
Species Blicca bjoerkna Linnaeus, 1758 | Trichodina perforata |
Genus Alburnoides Jeitteles, 1861 | |
Species Alburnoides eichwaldii De Filippii, 1863 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Trichodina domerguei Trichodina perforata |
Synonym: Alburnoides bipunctatus eichwaldi De Filippi, 1863 | |
Species Alburnus chalcoides Güldenstaedt, 1772 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Trypanosoma percae |
Synonym: Chalcalburnus chalcoides Güldenstädt, 1772 | |
Species Alburnus filippii Kessler, 1877 | Trichodina perforata |
Species Alburnus hohenackeri Kessler, 1877 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 | |
Synonym: Chalcalburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Alburnoides tabarestanensis | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Genus Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 | |
Species Chondrostoma regium Heckel, 1843 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Chondrostoma orientale Bianco and Bănărescu, 1982 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Leuciscus vorax Heckel, 1843 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Synonym: Aspius vorax Heckel, 1843 | Ichthyobodo necator |
Genus Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 | |
Species Squalius cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 | Chilodonella cyprini |
Synonym: Leuciscus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Genus Vimba Fitzinger, 1873 | |
Species Vimba vimba Linnaeus 1758 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Synonym: Vimba vimba persa Pallas, 1814 | |
Family Xenocyprididae Günther, 1868 | |
Genus Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, 1866 | Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844 | |
Genus Hemiculter Bleeker, 1860 | |
Species Hemiculter leucisculus Basilewsky, 1855 | Ichthyobodo necator Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Trichodina perforata |
Genus Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1859 | |
Species Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes, 1844 | Chilodonella piscicola Cryptobia branchialis Goussia sinensis Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Valenciennes, 1844 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Order Cyprinodontiformes | |
Family Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 | |
Genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Species Aphanius vladykovi Coad, 1988 | Ichthyobodo necator |
Species Aphanius sophiae Heckel, 1847 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Order Esociformes | |
Family Esocidae Rafinesque, 1815 | |
Genus Esox Linnaeus, 1758 | |
Species Esox Lucius Linnaeus, 1758 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Order Gasterosteiformes | |
Family Gasterosteidae Bonaparte, 1831 | |
Genus Gasterosteus Linnaeus, 1758 | |
Species Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Order Mugiliformes | |
Family Mugilidae Jarocki, 1822 | |
Genus Planiliza Whitley, 1945 | |
Species Planiliza abu Heckel, 1843 | |
Synonym: Mugil abu Heckel, 1843; Liza abu Heckel, 1843 | Ichthyobodo necator Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Genus Chelon Artedi, 1793 | |
Species Chelon auratus Risso, 1810 | Ichthyobodo necator |
Synonym: Mugil auratus Risso, 1810 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Trichodina reticulata | |
Order Perciformes | |
Family Percidae Rafinesque, 1815 | |
Genus Perca Linnaeus, 1758 | |
Species Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 | Trypanosoma percae |
Genus Sander Oken, 1817 | |
Species Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758 | Trichodina perforata |
Order Salmoniformes | |
Family Salmonidae | |
Genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861 | |
Species Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792 | Chilodonella cyprini |
Synonym: Salmo gairdnerii Richardson, 1836 | Dermocystidium salmonis |
Hexamita salmonis | |
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis | |
Trichodina truttae | |
Tripartiella lata | |
Trypanoplasma borelli | |
Order Siluriformes | |
Family Sisoridae Bleeker, 1858 | |
Genus Glyptothorax Blyth, 1860 | |
Species Glyptothorax silviae Coad, 1981 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Family Siluridae Cuvier, 1816 | |
Genus Silurus Linnaeus, 1758 | |
Species Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Trichodina perforata | |
Order Synbranchiformes | |
Family Mastacembelidae Swainson, 1839 | |
Genus Mastacembelus Scopoli, 1777 | |
Species Mastacembelus mastacembelus Banks and Solander, 1794 | Ichthyophthirius multifiliis |
Trichodina pediculus |
Periods | AUCmean | AUCmean Standard Deviation | |
---|---|---|---|
2041–2070 | RCP2.6 | 0.796 | 0.063 |
RCP7.0 | 0.828 | 0.044 | |
RCP8.5 | 0.797 | 0.040 | |
2071–2100 | RCP2.6 | 0.804 | 0.068 |
RCP7.0 | 0.803 | 0.067 | |
RCP8.5 | 0.823 | 0.037 |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Barzegar, M.; Raissy, M.; Shamsi, S. Protozoan Parasites of Iranian Freshwater Fishes: Review, Composition, Classification, and Modeling Distribution. Pathogens 2023, 12, 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050651
Barzegar M, Raissy M, Shamsi S. Protozoan Parasites of Iranian Freshwater Fishes: Review, Composition, Classification, and Modeling Distribution. Pathogens. 2023; 12(5):651. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050651
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarzegar, Maryam, Mehdi Raissy, and Shokoofeh Shamsi. 2023. "Protozoan Parasites of Iranian Freshwater Fishes: Review, Composition, Classification, and Modeling Distribution" Pathogens 12, no. 5: 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050651