Early Locomotor Training in Tetraplegic Post-Surgical Dogs with Cervical Intervertebral Disc Disease
by
Débora Gouveia
1,2,*,
Carla Carvalho
1,
Ana Cardoso
1,
Óscar Gamboa
3,
António Almeida
3,
António Ferreira
3,4 and
Ângela Martins
1,2,4,5 1
Arrábida Veterinary Hospital—Arrábida Animal Rehabilitation Center, 2925-538 Setubal, Portugal
2
Superior School of Health, Protection and Animal Welfare, Polytechnic Institute of Lusophony, Campo Grande, 1950-396 Lisboa, Portugal
3
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
4
CIISA—Centro Interdisciplinar-Investigação em Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
5
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2022, 12(18), 2369; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182369
Submission received: 16 August 2022
/
Revised: 8 September 2022
/
Accepted: 9 September 2022
/
Published: 11 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Research Advances in Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Animals)
Simple Summary
Acute cervical disk disease may result in tetraplegic dogs without the ability of sternal posture, which could result in aspiration pneumonia, hypoventilation and other complications. The main treatment approach is surgical, depending on the clinical sign’s severity, and early post-operative rehabilitation may also be considered, including in dogs with spinal hyperesthesia, through the implementation of locomotor training with specific guidelines in the first days after surgery.
Abstract
Locomotor training (LT) is task-specific repetitive training, with sensorimotor stimulation and intensive exercises that promote neuromuscular reorganization. This study aimed to observe if LT could be initiated safely in the first 3–15 days after surgery in tetraplegic C1–C5 IVDD—Hansen type I dogs. This prospective blinded clinical study was conducted at two rehabilitation centers in Portugal, with 114 grade 1 (MFS/OFS) dogs, divided by the presence of spinal hyperesthesia into the SHG (spinal hyperesthesia group) (n = 74) and the NSHG (non-spinal hyperesthesia group) (n = 40), evaluated in each time point for two weeks according to a neurorehabilitation checklist by three observers for inter-agreement relation. LT was safely applied with 62.3% of the OFS ≥ 11 within 15 days and of these, 32.4% achieved a OFS ≥ 13. There were no new cases of hyperesthesia in the NSHG and from the SHG all recovered. Comparing groups, a significant difference was observed in their ability to achieve ambulatory status (p < 0.001), between the presence of hyperesthesia and days until ambulation (p < 0.006) and in each time point (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.809). Early LT may be a safe treatment to be applied in the first 3 days on these dogs and spinal hyperesthesia should be important to the rehabilitation team. This study should be continued.
Keywords:
cervical IVDD; neurorehabilitation; locomotor training; hyperesthesia
