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Behavioral Sciences
Volume 14
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Behav. Sci., Volume 14, Issue 9 (September 2024) – 30 articles

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16 pages, 668 KiB  
Article
A Longitudinal Study of Cultural Consonance, Personal Agency, and Psychological Distress in Urban Brazil
by William W. Dressler, Mauro C. Balieiro and José Ernesto dos Santos
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090762 - 30 Aug 2024
Abstract
The relationship between culture, as a set of norms that structure human social practice, and agency, as the human capacity to act, has been debated for decades. Achieving clarity in how these constructs intersect has been hampered by difficulty in measuring either one, [...] Read more.
The relationship between culture, as a set of norms that structure human social practice, and agency, as the human capacity to act, has been debated for decades. Achieving clarity in how these constructs intersect has been hampered by difficulty in measuring either one, and theory has not suggested how a model linking culture and agency might be specified. We present a model in which culture is measured as cultural consonance, or the degree to which individuals actually incorporate prototypes for behavior encoded in cultural models into their own behavior. This measurement is then integrated with a measure of individuals’ sense of personal agency. In a previous study in urban Brazil, we found that personal agency was associated with higher cultural consonance, which in turn was associated with lower psychological distress; however, those data were from a cross-sectional survey, thus limiting the causal inference. Here we present the results of a follow-up study in which a subset of respondents was re-interviewed on average four years later. These data are consistent with a model in which cultural consonance is the proximate causal influence on psychological distress, while personal agency is a distal or exogenous influence. The implications of these results for the relative roles of culture and agency as influences on subjective well-being are discussed. Full article
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16 pages, 1858 KiB  
Article
Links between Vaccination Fear-, Anxiety-, Alexithymia-, and Type D Personality-Related Vaccination Decisions: A Network Analysis in a Multicultural Sample
by Olga Malas, Nada Mallah Boustani, Mirko Duradoni, Dayo Omotoso, Asiye Şengül Avşar, Anastasiia Shyroka, Giulia Colombini and Maria Dolores Tolsá
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090761 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 328
Abstract
This study examines the links between vaccination status, fear of vaccination (cognitive and somatic symptoms), anxiety, alexithymia, and type D personality (negative affect and social inhibition), to propose policies to increase vaccination rates. A sample of university students (n = 2535; mean [...] Read more.
This study examines the links between vaccination status, fear of vaccination (cognitive and somatic symptoms), anxiety, alexithymia, and type D personality (negative affect and social inhibition), to propose policies to increase vaccination rates. A sample of university students (n = 2535; mean age = 20.59, SD = 2.04; male: 26.75%, female: 73.25%) from Spain, Italy, Lebanon, Nigeria, Turkey, and Ukraine completed the Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6), the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire—Short Form (PAQ-S), the Type D Scale (DS14), and also a question on vaccination status. Correlation, regression, and network analyses were applied. Cognitive symptoms of fear of vaccination and negative affect were the most significant in the correlation and regression analyses. In the network analysis, negative affect showed the highest values in all centrality indices and positive relationships with other nodes. Vaccination status showed negative relationships with fear of vaccination, alexithymia, and social inhibition. The network structure is similar between the sexes but varies between cultures and sexes within cultures. The relationship between vaccination status and cognitive symptoms of fear of vaccination was the most consistent, allowing for interventions at this level to be advised across cultures. For more specific interventions, cultural context must be considered for optimal results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Behavioral Change to Improve Health Outcomes)
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15 pages, 1003 KiB  
Article
Differentiated Empowering Leadership and Interpersonal Counterproductive Work Behaviors: A Chained Mediation Model
by Yuanzhao Song, Haining Zhou and Myeong-Cheol Choi
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090760 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 316
Abstract
Through an empirical analysis of paired sample data from 308 employees in China, this study examines the chain-mediated effects of trust in leaders and defensive silence on the relationship between differentiated empowering leadership and interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors. The study finds that differentiated [...] Read more.
Through an empirical analysis of paired sample data from 308 employees in China, this study examines the chain-mediated effects of trust in leaders and defensive silence on the relationship between differentiated empowering leadership and interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors. The study finds that differentiated empowering leadership does not directly influence employees’ interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors. Additionally, it finds that trust in leaders and defensive silence each serve as mediators in the relationship between differentiated empowering leadership and interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors, forming a chained mediation effect. This study is the first empirical research to explore the impact mechanism of differentiated empowering leadership using a chained mediation model. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how and why differentiated empowering leadership affects employees’ attitudes, such as trust in leaders, and behaviors, such as interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors. Full article
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20 pages, 548 KiB  
Systematic Review
Support from Social Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
by Stephanie Szeto, Algae Kit Yee Au and Sophie Kai Lam Cheng
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090759 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 227
Abstract
The social distancing measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have transformed people from social to isolated individuals. During that time, social media became a useful tool for satisfying people’s need for social interaction. Previous systematic reviews, however, have focused largely on the [...] Read more.
The social distancing measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have transformed people from social to isolated individuals. During that time, social media became a useful tool for satisfying people’s need for social interaction. Previous systematic reviews, however, have focused largely on the negative impact of social media use and ignored the positive side. Hence, this systematic review examined the role of social media use in providing support—be it social, emotional or informational—during the pandemic. Four databases were systematically searched, and the selection procedure followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022367903). A total of 20 papers were deemed eligible for data extraction. The findings showed that active engagement on social media contributed significantly to maintaining social capital and collective resilience amidst social restrictions. The emotional support obtained from social media was proven effective in alleviating feelings of loneliness and isolation. Also, social media facilitated the rapid dissemination of information and the grassroots mobilization of support by overcoming bureaucratic hurdles and addressing urgent community needs. This review concluded by highlighting the transformative potential of social media in crisis contexts and suggesting implications for mental health interventions and community resilience strategies. Full article
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26 pages, 1923 KiB  
Article
Adult Attachment and Emotion Regulation Flexibility in Romantic Relationships
by Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Maartje Luijten, Dominique F. MacIejewski, Grace V. Wiewel and Johan C. Karremans
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 758; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090758 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 459
Abstract
Adults with attachment insecurity often struggle in romantic relationships due to difficulties in emotion regulation (ER). One potentially influential yet understudied factor is the inflexible over-reliance on either intrapersonal (self-directed, e.g., suppression) or interpersonal (involving others, e.g., sharing) ER. This study investigates the [...] Read more.
Adults with attachment insecurity often struggle in romantic relationships due to difficulties in emotion regulation (ER). One potentially influential yet understudied factor is the inflexible over-reliance on either intrapersonal (self-directed, e.g., suppression) or interpersonal (involving others, e.g., sharing) ER. This study investigates the association between attachment insecurity and flexibility in using interpersonal versus intrapersonal ER in response to daily stressors in romantic relationships. We hypothesized that higher attachment avoidance and anxiety are associated with (H1) higher reliance on either intrapersonal or interpersonal ER over the other, respectively; (H2) less variable use of interpersonal compared to intrapersonal ER over time; and (H3) less flexible use of interpersonal compared to intrapersonal ER depending on the availability of a romantic partner. Study 1 (N = 174; 133 females, Mage = 23.79, SDage = 7.63) used an online cross-sectional survey to measure average inter/intrapersonal ER, addressing H1. Study 2 (N = 124; 104 females, Mage = 22.45, SDage = 6.39), combined a baseline survey with experience sampling (7 days, 8 notifications/day), addressing H1, H2, and H3. Results showed that higher attachment avoidance was associated with lower interpersonal compared to intrapersonal ER. Higher attachment anxiety was associated with less variable use of interpersonal compared to intrapersonal ER and less flexible use of interpersonal ER depending on partner availability. These findings suggest distinct associations between attachment orientations and ER flexibility, explaining ER difficulties in individuals with high attachment insecurity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Science of Mating, Love, and Attachment in Romantic Relationships)
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12 pages, 269 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Stroke, Marital Intimacy, Marital Satisfaction and Divorce Intention According to the Type of Participation in Marital Leisure Sports Activities
by Ji-Hye Yang, Hye Jin Yang, Si Cheol Jung, Chulhwan Choi and Chul-Ho Bum
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090757 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 294
Abstract
This study examined strokes, marital intimacy, marital satisfaction, and divorce intentions among participants who are members of a couple, based on their leisure sports participation. We conducted a questionnaire survey with 321 participants. The validity and reliability were checked, and a multivariate analysis [...] Read more.
This study examined strokes, marital intimacy, marital satisfaction, and divorce intentions among participants who are members of a couple, based on their leisure sports participation. We conducted a questionnaire survey with 321 participants. The validity and reliability were checked, and a multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to test for differences between groups. The results revealed that among couples engaging in the same leisure sports activity, positive stroke was high, and negative and no strokes were low. Couples not engaging in the same activity exhibited a partial positive effect when both or one of the individuals engaged in leisure sports activities. Among couples in which both individuals did not engage in leisure sports activities, negative results were found for all factors. Furthermore, couples engaging in the same activity showed high marital intimacy and satisfaction. Moreover, couples engaging in the same activity showed the lowest intention to divorce, whereas couples who did not engage in leisure sports activities showed the highest intention to divorce. These findings suggest that leisure sports activities positively affect relationships, and this effect increases when couples participate in the same sport. Future research should investigate methods for couples to engage in leisure activities and how they can be activated. Full article
9 pages, 601 KiB  
Article
The Effects of the Medium of Notetaking on the Delayed Learning Effect of College Students: A Mediated Moderation Model
by Lei Xu, Shuangshuang Cai, Yanxi Liu, Jiwen Chen, Shun Peng and Frank Andrasik
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 756; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090756 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 306
Abstract
This study systematically probed the relationship between the medium of taking classroom notes (virtual variable, electronic notetaking = 0 vs. traditional notetaking = 1), the word count in each medium, as well as the review process, and the students’ delayed learning effect for [...] Read more.
This study systematically probed the relationship between the medium of taking classroom notes (virtual variable, electronic notetaking = 0 vs. traditional notetaking = 1), the word count in each medium, as well as the review process, and the students’ delayed learning effect for each notetaking approach. Data were collected from 189 college students, with the influence of gender and prior knowledge being controlled. The conclusions were as follows. (1) The notetaking medium was positively correlated with delayed test scores, irrespective of whether reviews were allowed or not. (2) The mediating role of word count between notetaking medium and delayed test scores was moderated by review. That is, when reviews were allowed, a significant correlation was found between the medium of the notes and the delayed test scores; when reviews were not allowed, the mediating effect of word count was not significant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protective Factors and Mechanisms of Mental Health in Children and Adolescents)
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12 pages, 467 KiB  
Article
Tool, Threat, Tutor, Talk, and Trend: College Students’ Attitudes toward ChatGPT
by Sen-Chi Yu, Yueh-Min Huang and Ting-Ting Wu
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090755 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 307
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to investigate college students’ attitudes toward ChatGPT and to understand whether gender makes any difference in their attitudes. We developed the ChatGPT attitude scale (CAS) and administrated it to a sample of 516 Taiwan college students. Through [...] Read more.
The purposes of this study are to investigate college students’ attitudes toward ChatGPT and to understand whether gender makes any difference in their attitudes. We developed the ChatGPT attitude scale (CAS) and administrated it to a sample of 516 Taiwan college students. Through an exploratory factor analysis, the 5-T (Tool, Tutor, Talk, Trend, and Threat) model of CAS was extracted and validated via confirmatory factor analysis. The CAS exhibited good reliability and validity and can be used to explain ChatGPT attitudes. According to our findings, university students consider ChatGPT an important “Tool” in their daily life. Additionally, ChatGPT plays a significant “Tutor” role, assisting with language translation and knowledge learning. Besides its utilitarian functions, ChatGPT also serves as a “Talk” feature, offering interactive chat and emotional support. Currently, students also acknowledge ChatGPT as an important “Trend” of the times, but they are also deeply concerned about the potential “Threat” of content falsification and job displacement brought on by ChatGPT. In terms of gender differences, compared to females, males scored higher than females in the total scale and in the Tool, Tutor, and Trend subscales. However, there was no significant difference between males and females in the Talk and Threat subscales. This gender difference result differs from previous research on robots or social media. Full article
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19 pages, 1706 KiB  
Article
Young Children’s Directed Question Asking in Preschool Classrooms
by Michelle Wong, Koeun Choi, Libby Barak, Elizabeth Lapidow, Jennifer Austin, Patrick Shafto and Elizabeth Bonawitz
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090754 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 334
Abstract
Question asking is a prevalent aspect of children’s speech, providing a means by which young learners can rapidly gain information about the world. Previous research has demonstrated that children exhibit sensitivity to the knowledge state of potential informants in laboratory settings. However, it [...] Read more.
Question asking is a prevalent aspect of children’s speech, providing a means by which young learners can rapidly gain information about the world. Previous research has demonstrated that children exhibit sensitivity to the knowledge state of potential informants in laboratory settings. However, it remains unclear whether and how young children are inclined to direct questions that support learning deeper content to more knowledgeable informants in naturalistic classroom contexts. In this study, we examined children’s question-asking targets (adults, other preschoolers, self-talk) during an open-play period in a US preschool classroom and assessed how the cognitive and linguistic characteristics of questions varied as a function of the intended recipient. Further, we examined how these patterns changed with age. We recorded the spontaneous speech of individual children between the ages of 3 and 6 years (N = 30, totaling 2875 utterances) in 40-min open-period sessions in their preschool day, noting whether the speech was directed toward an adult, another child, or was stated to self. We publish this fully transcribed database with contextual and linguistic details coded as open access to all future researchers. We found that questions accounted for a greater proportion of preschoolers’ adult-directed speech than of their child-directed and self-directed speech, with a particular increase in questions that supported broader learning goals when directed to an adult. Younger children directed a higher proportion of learning questions to adults than themselves, whereas older children asked similar proportions of questions to both, suggesting a difference in younger and older children’s question-asking strategies. Although children used greater lexical diversity in questions than in other utterances, their question formulation in terms of length and diversity remained consistent across age and recipient types, reflecting their general linguistic abilities. Our findings reveal that children discriminately choose “what” and “whom” to ask in daily spontaneous conversations. Even in less-structured school contexts, preschoolers direct questions to the informant most likely to be able to provide an adequate answer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Influence of Social Context on Educational and Psychological/Cognitive Processes)
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1 pages, 144 KiB  
Retraction
RETRACTED: Yang et al. How Does Physical Activity Enhance the Subjective Well-Being of University Students? A Chain Mediation of Cognitive Reappraisal and Resilience. Behav. Sci. 2024, 14, 164
by Mengmeng Yang, Ji Wu, Yigang Wu and Xinxing Li
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090753 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 186
Abstract
The journal Behavioral Sciences retracts the article titled, “How Does Physical Activity Enhance the Subjective Well-Being of University Students [...] Full article
12 pages, 269 KiB  
Essay
Reframing Social and Emotional Development of the Gifted
by Robert J. Sternberg
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 752; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090752 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 356
Abstract
This essay questions the framing of socioemotional development as a separate concomitant of cognitive development in gifted individuals. Rather, it argues, first, that socioemotional development of the gifted is not separate from giftedness. Second, socioemotional development is not even cleanly and clearly separable [...] Read more.
This essay questions the framing of socioemotional development as a separate concomitant of cognitive development in gifted individuals. Rather, it argues, first, that socioemotional development of the gifted is not separate from giftedness. Second, socioemotional development is not even cleanly and clearly separable from cognitive development. Third, giftedness and even intelligence do not reside inside the person—they are not personal properties but rather interactions of persons with tasks and situations. In sum, giftedness needs to be viewed in a holistic context that encompasses integrated cognitive, socio-emotional, task, and situational contextual elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social and Emotional Development of Gifted and Talented Individuals in a Rapidly Changing World)
19 pages, 1881 KiB  
Article
Imbalance between Employees and the Organisational Context: A Catalyst for Workplace Bullying Behaviours in Both Targets and Perpetrators
by Gülüm Özer and Jordi Escartín
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 751; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090751 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 432
Abstract
Research on workplace bullying from the perpetrators’ perspective is limited, leading to few interventions tailored to them. This gap stems from insufficient understanding of how organisational conditions and individual dispositions trigger or amplify perpetrator behaviour. To develop effective interventions in preventing bullying, perceived [...] Read more.
Research on workplace bullying from the perpetrators’ perspective is limited, leading to few interventions tailored to them. This gap stems from insufficient understanding of how organisational conditions and individual dispositions trigger or amplify perpetrator behaviour. To develop effective interventions in preventing bullying, perceived organisational factors were examined. This study, guided by the Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) model and the three-way model of workplace bullying (WB), aims to explore the effects of perceived (im)balances in the task or employee focus, social atmosphere (positive or negative), and hierarchical structure (high or low) in organisations on the incidence of WB, both in terms of perpetrator and target experiences. The research involved 1044 employees from multiple Spanish organisations and sectors: 51.7% in services, 24.6% in education, 14.5% in wholesale and retail trade, and 9.2% in manufacturing. The average age of participants was 35.43 years (SD = 10.9), with a female majority of 61.3%. Using a cross-sectional study design, the experiences of being a target and perpetrator were quantitatively assessed through validated WB target and perpetrator scales. Additionally, the study qualitatively examined employees’ perceptions of their organisational context through free descriptions, using adjectives to depict their views. Correspondence analysis was employed to test the hypotheses, and the results affirmed them. The study found that perceived imbalances in organisational focus, social atmosphere, and hierarchy correlate with higher WB target and perpetrator reports, whereas balanced atmospheres correlate with no WB. This research underscores the significance of balanced organisational contexts in mitigating WB. It highlights a gap in the current literature regarding the broader organisational factors that influence bullying and advocates for a more in-depth understanding of these dynamics. Furthermore, it contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering a comprehensive and harmonised approach to preventing WB, transcending isolated interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventing and Addressing Negative Behaviors in the Workplace)
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16 pages, 572 KiB  
Article
Patients’ Perspectives on the Acceptability and Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker-Led Intervention to Increase Chronic Kidney Disease Knowledge and Screening among Underserved Latine Adults: The CARE 2.0 Study
by Janet Diaz-Martinez, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Carlos Duran, Laura Kallus, Aydeivis Jean-Pierre, Brenda Lopez, Jessica Mancilla, Yoel Madruga, Gustavo A. Hernandez-Fuentes, Wayne Kotzker, Osiris Delgado-Enciso, Eric Wagner and Michelle Hospital
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090750 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 294
Abstract
In the United States, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects approximately 1 in 7 adults. Despite its significant impact, CKD awareness, education, and screening are often lacking among underserved Latine populations, leading to poorer health outcomes and higher mortality rates. Various studies highlight the [...] Read more.
In the United States, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects approximately 1 in 7 adults. Despite its significant impact, CKD awareness, education, and screening are often lacking among underserved Latine populations, leading to poorer health outcomes and higher mortality rates. Various studies highlight the crucial role of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in improving health outcomes within minority communities both domestically and globally. However, there remains a gap in research on the acceptance and effectiveness of CHW-led interventions targeting CKD. This prospective intervention study employed a pre-post quasi-experimental design to evaluate a CHW-led educational program aimed at enhancing CKD knowledge, screening, and monitoring among Latines with low health literacy and English proficiency. CHWs utilized a culturally tailored CKD Flipchart, and 100 underserved patients received the intervention. Feedback from 85 participants who completed post-intervention surveys indicated high satisfaction with the program’s relevance and the professionalism of the CHWs. Importantly, 85% expressed a positive intention to seek kidney care following the intervention. Preliminary analysis of medical records before and after the intervention showed improvements in glycemic control (median change = −18.0, p = 0.014) and triglyceride levels (median change = −29.0, p = 0.035), suggesting the program’s effectiveness in managing CKD risk factors. These findings highlight the potential of CHW-led interventions to reduce kidney health disparities among underserved communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Diversity, Identity, and Inclusion in Education, Health, and Work: Ensuring No One Is Left Behind)
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11 pages, 291 KiB  
Article
Difficulties among Teachers’ Emotional Regulation: Analysis for the Development of Student Well-Being in Chilean Schools
by Gerardo Fuentes-Vilugrón, Eduardo Sandoval-Obando, Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete, Carlos Arriagada-Hernández, Paulo Etchegaray-Pezo, Flavio Muñoz-Troncoso, Isabel Cuadrado-Gordillo, Pablo del Val Martín and Enrique Riquelme-Mella
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 749; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090749 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 382
Abstract
Introduction. Emotional regulation, a process that involves detecting and evaluating physiological signals in response to stressful events, is a crucial aspect of preparing students for school and ensuring teachers’ effectiveness, stress management, and job satisfaction. Method. This research, which adopted a quantitative approach, [...] Read more.
Introduction. Emotional regulation, a process that involves detecting and evaluating physiological signals in response to stressful events, is a crucial aspect of preparing students for school and ensuring teachers’ effectiveness, stress management, and job satisfaction. Method. This research, which adopted a quantitative approach, used a non-experimental comparative and cross-sectional design with a non-probabilistic sample by convenience. The study involved the participation of n = 1321 teachers (n = 125 preschool education; n = 645 primary education; n = 417 secondary education; n = 134 higher education). Results. The results revealed significant differences in the total scores of emotional regulation difficulty between teachers at the higher education level and primary and secondary school teachers, with the latter group showing higher levels of difficulty. Discussion. The findings suggest that the impact of emotional regulation difficulties affects professional performance, highlighting the importance of interventions aimed at improving teachers’ self-efficacy, resilience, and emotion regulation to reduce emotional exhaustion. Conclusion. From a practical point of view, our findings underline the importance of integrating emotional regulation training into pre-service teacher education and continuous teacher professional development programs. This could improve relational dynamics between students and teachers, fostering an environment conducive to teaching and learning processes. Full article
23 pages, 970 KiB  
Article
How Teachers’ Emotional Leadership Influences College Students’ Learning Engagement
by Shuai Wang, Zhuotao Lu, Changjie Li and Yuqiang Zhang
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090748 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 768
Abstract
Teachers’ emotional leadership plays a crucial role in influencing college students’ learning engagement. This study, grounded in Affective Events Theory, surveyed 1034 Chinese college students (649 females and 385 males) to examine their perceptions of teachers’ emotional leadership, achievement emotions, emotional susceptibility, and [...] Read more.
Teachers’ emotional leadership plays a crucial role in influencing college students’ learning engagement. This study, grounded in Affective Events Theory, surveyed 1034 Chinese college students (649 females and 385 males) to examine their perceptions of teachers’ emotional leadership, achievement emotions, emotional susceptibility, and learning engagement. The findings reveal that teachers’ emotional leadership has a significant positive impact on college students’ learning engagement. Specifically, college students’ achievement emotions mediate the relationship between teachers’ emotional leadership and their learning engagement. Additionally, college students’ emotional susceptibility moderates the relationship between teachers’ emotional leadership and their achievement emotions; however, it does not moderate the impact of teachers’ emotional leadership on learning engagement through achievement emotions. This study validates the application of Affective Events Theory in the educational field, deepens the understanding of the mechanism and boundary conditions of emotional leadership’s impact on learning engagement, and offers insights for enhancing college students’ learning engagement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Educational Psychology)
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21 pages, 540 KiB  
Article
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Lovebird Scale
by Sara Cloonan, Lara Ault, Karen L. Weihs and Richard D. Lane
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090747 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 442
Abstract
The term “lovebirds” is often used to describe the loving behaviors and interactions between two romantic partners, but what specific processes distinguish these flourishing lovebird relationships from other committed but “numbed” relationships? The present study aimed to address this knowledge gap through the [...] Read more.
The term “lovebirds” is often used to describe the loving behaviors and interactions between two romantic partners, but what specific processes distinguish these flourishing lovebird relationships from other committed but “numbed” relationships? The present study aimed to address this knowledge gap through the development and preliminary validation of the Lovebird Scale. The Lovebird Scale describes the thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and habits that constitute and maintain relationship flourishing, which in turn could promote aspects of individual flourishing such as positive affect. We conducted three studies using data collected from 996 English-speaking U.S. adults (64.2% Female, M = 39.2 years old) who reported being in a romantic relationship for at least six months (M = 11.2 years). In Study 1, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to determine the underlying factor structure. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analyses revealed a three-factor model nested within a higher-order factor representing lovebird relationships. In Study 3, we cross-validated the higher-order structure, examined the construct validity of the scale, and explored associations between the Lovebird Scale and affective state. Finally, we discuss how the Lovebird Scale contributes to the growing field of positive relationship science as well as conceptual and clinical implications of the scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Science of Mating, Love, and Attachment in Romantic Relationships)
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15 pages, 526 KiB  
Article
Development of a Best Practice Guidance on Online Peer Support for People with Young-Onset Dementia
by Esther Vera Loseto-Gerritzen, Orii McDermott and Martin Orrell
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090746 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 308
Abstract
This work aimed to develop a Best Practice Guidance on online peer support for people with young-onset dementia (YOD). The Best Practice Guidance was developed through a systematic literature review, focus groups, an online survey, and interviews and consultations with people with YOD [...] Read more.
This work aimed to develop a Best Practice Guidance on online peer support for people with young-onset dementia (YOD). The Best Practice Guidance was developed through a systematic literature review, focus groups, an online survey, and interviews and consultations with people with YOD and professionals. The Best Practice Guidance consists of two parts. Part 1 contains information for people with YOD about what online peer support entails, what to expect from it, and how to get involved. Part 2 is aimed at those who facilitate or moderate online peer support (professionals or people with lived experience) and includes guidelines on how to optimize online peer support for people with YOD. The Best Practice Guidance on online peer support provides (1) people with YOD with evidence-based, relevant, and accessible information about what online peer support entails and how it could help them, (2) providers and facilitators with guidelines on how to optimize online peer support for people with YOD, and (3) healthcare professionals with a concise and accessible tool for signposting. Future research is needed to implement and disseminate the Best Practice Guidance among dementia organizations and healthcare practices and should include rigorous studies on the implementation and sustainability of online peer support for people with YOD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Care and Support in Dementia)
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13 pages, 380 KiB  
Article
Exploring How Stereotype Modification Mediates the Relationship between Social Dominance and Multicultural Acceptance
by Sowon Lee and Boyoung Kim
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 745; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090745 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 358
Abstract
This research examines the mediating role of stereotype modification in the relationship between social dominance orientation (SDO) and multicultural acceptance in South Korea’s increasingly diverse society. We obtained a sample of 402 participants between the ages of 20 and 65 through an online [...] Read more.
This research examines the mediating role of stereotype modification in the relationship between social dominance orientation (SDO) and multicultural acceptance in South Korea’s increasingly diverse society. We obtained a sample of 402 participants between the ages of 20 and 65 through an online survey. We used SPSS 26.0 for statistical analyses, including frequency, correlation, and regression analyses. Employing Hayes’ Model 4, we examined the mediation effect with a bootstrap sample of 10,000 iterations, determining the significance of the effect with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The results revealed nuanced relationships among the variables, shedding light on the complex dynamics of social cognition and intergroup relationships in the South Korean context. The research concludes that individuals with a higher social dominance orientation tend to have lower acceptance of multiculturalism and are more likely to hold prejudiced attitudes toward outgroups. This finding suggests that SDO is a significant factor in integrating and adapting migrants into host societies and can lead to social conflict. The study implies that addressing SDO is crucial for fostering positive attitudes toward multiculturalism and reducing discrimination. Full article
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14 pages, 623 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Playing Musical Instruments and Subjective Well-Being: Enjoyment of Playing Instruments Scale
by Qian Zhang, Alexander Park and Kyung-Hyun Suh
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 744; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090744 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 457
Abstract
While the positive effects of listening to music on mental health and well-being have been extensively studied, the effects of enjoying playing musical instruments have rarely been examined. Many tools have been developed to measure music listening; however, tools to measure the enjoyment [...] Read more.
While the positive effects of listening to music on mental health and well-being have been extensively studied, the effects of enjoying playing musical instruments have rarely been examined. Many tools have been developed to measure music listening; however, tools to measure the enjoyment of playing instruments have not yet been developed. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to measure such enjoyment and to examine its relationship with subjective well-being and happiness. Primary information about the aforementioned enjoyment were collected from fourteen Chinese laypersons, five music graduates, and five music teachers using open-ended questions. Item and exploratory factor analyses were conducted using data from 361 Chinese adults, and the reliability and validity of the scale and the relationships between the variables were analyzed using data from 277 Chinese adults. The results revealed that the three-factor model for the enjoyment of playing instruments demonstrated excellent model fit, and satisfactory internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and criterion-related validity were demonstrated for the learning/social bonds, achievement/pride, and cognitive refreshment/stimulation subscales. All subscales of enjoyment were positively correlated with subjective well-being and happiness. This study highlights the usefulness of the Enjoyment of Playing Instruments Scale (EPIS) as a measure for research, educational, and clinical use, providing a rationale for using instrument playing as a therapeutic approach to promote subjective well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Music Based Interventions for Psychological Wellbeing)
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15 pages, 491 KiB  
Article
How Income and Discrimination Shape the Acceptance of Newcomers in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Native-Born and Immigrant Populations
by Nonna Kushnirovich
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090743 - 25 Aug 2024
Viewed by 565
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate how income and belonging to a discriminated group are associated with perceptions of threats posed by immigrants, and with the willingness to accept newcomers of a different/same race or ethnicity as most people of the [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how income and belonging to a discriminated group are associated with perceptions of threats posed by immigrants, and with the willingness to accept newcomers of a different/same race or ethnicity as most people of the receiving country, or newcomers who came from poor countries outside Europe. The study transcended Borjas’s theory of ‘competing and complementary’ to newcomer groups of native workers, expanding it from the economic and labor spheres to the symbolic cultural and social spheres, and extending this theory to the foreign-born European population. The study used data from the European Social Survey Round 10 Data. Three local population groups in the EU were examined: the native-born population, immigrants from non-EU countries living in the EU, and migrants from EU countries living in other EU countries. The study revealed that for native-born people, the salient factor predicting their perceived threats and willingness to accept newcomers was income, and for non-EU veteran immigrants, the salient factor was the feeling of belonging to a discriminated group. Economically disadvantaged native-born people in the EU were a group competing with newcomers. However, disadvantaged and discriminated non-EU immigrants were complementary to newcomers. The study showed that a disadvantaged group may be either competing or complementary to newcomers, depending on the origin of the group’s members rather than on the origin of newcomers. Full article
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19 pages, 929 KiB  
Article
Psychological Well-Being and Self-Aging Attitudes Moderate the Association between Subjective Age and Age Discrimination in the Workplace
by Assaf Suberry and Ehud Bodner
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 742; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090742 - 25 Aug 2024
Viewed by 532
Abstract
Views of aging include peoples’ assessment of their own aging process and their subjective age. Positive views of aging relate to a improved psychological well-being which predicts better physical and mental health. While these relationships were substantially studied, the moderating roles of self-aging [...] Read more.
Views of aging include peoples’ assessment of their own aging process and their subjective age. Positive views of aging relate to a improved psychological well-being which predicts better physical and mental health. While these relationships were substantially studied, the moderating roles of self-aging attitudes and psychological well-being in the subjective age–age discrimination connection have been much less explored. The current study used a convenience sample of 568 participants (mean = 66.21y, SD = 11.95, age range 50–95), 55.8% women, 67.1% employed. In line with the hypotheses, young subjective age and psychological well-being were connected to less age discrimination in the workplace, and higher psychological well-being mitigated the subjective age–age discrimination at work connection. When the perception of old age as a period of loss was added to the model, adults who perceived old age as a period of loss and reported lower levels of psychological well-being demonstrated the strongest relationship between an increase in subjective age and an increase in age-related discrimination at work. The findings emphasize the importance of the psychological well-being of older employees as a resource for improving their attitudes towards their last years at work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Interactions and Aging)
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13 pages, 893 KiB  
Article
The Self-Reference Effect in Metamemory and the Role of Beliefs in This Process
by Ruoyu Hou, Hui Xu, Yuanxia Gao, Weihai Tang and Xiping Liu
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 741; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090741 - 25 Aug 2024
Viewed by 368
Abstract
Previous research has shown a clear self-reference effect in our memory. However, the question arises as to whether this effect could extend to higher cognitive domains such as metamemory. Thus, this study examined the effects of different encoding types on judgments of learning [...] Read more.
Previous research has shown a clear self-reference effect in our memory. However, the question arises as to whether this effect could extend to higher cognitive domains such as metamemory. Thus, this study examined the effects of different encoding types on judgments of learning (JOLs) and explored the role of beliefs in this process. A one-way (encoding type: semantic, self-referential) within-participants design was employed in Experiment 1, which found no self-reference effect in JOLs. In Experiment 2, we manipulated participants’ beliefs to explore their effect on JOLs under different encoding strategies. The results showed that learners’ metamemory beliefs about encoding types influence JOLs. Learners who believed that self-referential and semantic encoding had the same memory effect tended to give equal JOLs to both words. However, learners who believed that self-referential encoding had a better memory effect than semantic encoding gave higher JOLs to self-referentially encoded words. The conclusions are as follows: There is no self-reference effect in JOLs, but learners’ metamemory beliefs about encoding types influence JOLs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)
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15 pages, 1407 KiB  
Study Protocol
Digital Platform for the Prevention of Suicidal Behaviour and Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries in Adolescents: The SmartCrisis-Teen Study Protocol
by Sofía Abascal-Peiró, Inmaculada Peñuelas-Calvo, Adrian Alacreu-Crespo, Pilar Alejandra Sáiz, Alejandro De la Torre-Luque, Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla, María Luisa Barrigón, Philippe Courtet, Jorge López-Castroman, Enrique Baca-García and Alejandro Porras-Segovia
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 740; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090740 - 25 Aug 2024
Viewed by 399
Abstract
Suicidal behavior and Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries (NSSIs) are a major health problem in the adolescent population. New technologies can contribute to the development of innovative interventions in suicide prevention. Here, we present the SmartCrisis-Teen study protocol. The study consists of a randomized clinical trial [...] Read more.
Suicidal behavior and Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries (NSSIs) are a major health problem in the adolescent population. New technologies can contribute to the development of innovative interventions in suicide prevention. Here, we present the SmartCrisis-Teen study protocol. The study consists of a randomized clinical trial which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital safety plan to prevent suicidal behavior and NSSIs in adolescents. This is a multicentric study which will be conducted among the adolescent population, both in clinical and student settings, with a target sample of 1080 participants. The intervention group will receive an Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) consisting of a digital safety plan on their mobile phone. All participants will receive their Treatment As Usual (TAU). Participants will be followed for six months, with weekly and monthly telephone visits and face-to-face visits at three and six months. Participants will be assessed using traditional questionnaires as well as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and Implicit Association Tests (IATs). With this intervention, we expect a reduction in NSSIs through the acquisition of coping strategies and a decrease in suicidal behavior over the course of follow-up. This study provides a novel, scalable digital intervention for preventing suicidal behavior and NSSIs in adolescents, which could contribute to improving adolescent mental health outcomes globally. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Psychiatric, Emotional and Behavioral Disorders)
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11 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Greek Version of the Attitudes toward Transgendered Individuals Scale
by Dimitra Lekka, Argyro Pachi, Constantinos Togas, Athanasios Tselebis, Ilias Toliadis and George Alexias
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 739; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090739 - 25 Aug 2024
Viewed by 576
Abstract
Numerous investigations have consistently underscored the impact of societal stigma on the well-being of transgender individuals. The primary objective of the current research is to translate and adapt the Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale into the Greek language. This scale specifically assesses stigma, [...] Read more.
Numerous investigations have consistently underscored the impact of societal stigma on the well-being of transgender individuals. The primary objective of the current research is to translate and adapt the Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale into the Greek language. This scale specifically assesses stigma, excluding components such as discreteness and violence, and is tailored to evaluate individuals within the general populace. Employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and assessing gender metric equivalence, the analyses yielded highly favorable outcomes, demonstrating excellent scale fit, reliability, and construct validity, reflecting the robustness of the adapted tool for the Greek population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Sexual and Gender Diversity)
19 pages, 443 KiB  
Article
Research on the Purchase Intention of Social Commerce Consumers in Video Streams: Dual Pathways of Affection and Rationality
by Minwei Deng, Yitong Yang and Baiqing Sun
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 738; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090738 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 693
Abstract
Social commerce blurs the boundary between online social interaction and online shopping. The emergence of video streams introduces novel marketing modalities to social commerce. However, there is a paucity of comprehensive studies investigating the impact of emerging marketing techniques such as short videos [...] Read more.
Social commerce blurs the boundary between online social interaction and online shopping. The emergence of video streams introduces novel marketing modalities to social commerce. However, there is a paucity of comprehensive studies investigating the impact of emerging marketing techniques such as short videos and live streaming on consumer purchase intention. This study employs Bourdieu’s conceptual framework to construct a Field Theory-based model, investigating the impact of atmospheric and capital characteristics of social commerce platforms on consumer purchase intention through affective and rational pathways, respectively. A survey involving 515 Chinese social commerce consumers demonstrates that atmospheric characteristics (emotion and social presence) and capital characteristics (information quality and quantity) in video streams enhance similarity and power. Both similarity and power are associated with an increase in consumer purchase intention. This study validates the dual-path influence of social commerce characteristics and discusses theoretical and managerial implications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Emotional Antecedents and Consequences of Buying and Consuming: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Consumers’ Emotions)
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10 pages, 220 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Adolescent Patient Outcomes and Staff Member Injuries at a General Psychiatric Inpatient Unit
by Patrick W. Romani, Ava Anjom, Tyler Anderson and Merlin Ariefdjohan
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090737 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 373
Abstract
Short-term pediatric psychiatric hospitalization is used to manage acute-crisis behaviors. Few studies have detailed their clinical model and key metrics such as patient behavioral health outcomes and staff experience. This study describes a model which emphasizes group therapy based on dialectical behavior therapy [...] Read more.
Short-term pediatric psychiatric hospitalization is used to manage acute-crisis behaviors. Few studies have detailed their clinical model and key metrics such as patient behavioral health outcomes and staff experience. This study describes a model which emphasizes group therapy based on dialectical behavior therapy during brief inpatient stays (average length of stay of 8 days). The study variables assessed included patient symptoms of depression, anxiety, and anger at discharge, patient satisfaction, and staff safety. The program produced significant improvements in adolescent depression, anxiety, and anger, and patients reported high satisfaction with the services received. However, there was a high rate of staff injuries, correlated with staffing ratios and the time of day. The key findings from this study demonstrate the effectiveness of brief inpatient programs and highlight variables that may impact staff experiences on these units, which could serve as further discussion points to improve clinical care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)
17 pages, 1201 KiB  
Article
You Reap What You Sow: Customer Courtesy and Employees’ Prosocial Service Behavior
by Cuicui Pan and Hyung-Min Choi
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 736; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090736 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 322
Abstract
Smooth and effective interactions between customers and customer-contact employees are important for building seamless service delivery. The present study examined the influence of customer courtesy on customer-contact employees’ prosocial service behavior. Additionally, the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem and the moderating role of [...] Read more.
Smooth and effective interactions between customers and customer-contact employees are important for building seamless service delivery. The present study examined the influence of customer courtesy on customer-contact employees’ prosocial service behavior. Additionally, the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem and the moderating role of focus of attention at work are investigated. Data were collected from 401 customer-contact employees from the South Korean hospitality industry. The results demonstrated that customer courtesy positively influenced prosocial service behavior, and organization-based self-esteem mediated this relationship. Furthermore, employees’ focus of attention at work moderated the relationship between customer courtesy and organization-based self-esteem, such that the relationship was stronger for employees with a high focus of attention. Similarly, the focus of attention also moderated the relationship between organization-based self-esteem and prosocial service behavior. The findings have important theoretical and practical implications by demonstrating the role of external resources to promote prosocial service behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Exploring the Interplay of Psychology and Work-Related Health and Well-Being)
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15 pages, 1493 KiB  
Article
Mental Health and (Online) Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Network-Based Approach
by Maribel Serrano-Macias and Javier Alvarez-Galvez
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 735; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090735 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 368
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in mortality and morbidity rates globally, but it has also led to a generalized worsening of mental health and risk behaviors in different population groups regardless of the measures adopted by different governments. In this [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in mortality and morbidity rates globally, but it has also led to a generalized worsening of mental health and risk behaviors in different population groups regardless of the measures adopted by different governments. In this paper, using data from a Spanish survey of emotional well-being, we aim to explore through mixed graphical models the complex structure of relationships between the mental health of populations, their lifestyles, and forms of cultural and leisure consumption during the pandemic. The results bring to light some interesting findings, such as the association between teleworking and greater rest or greater stress with the use of social media, a variable that enables the connection with other mental health problems of greater severity. Increased physical activity and the consumption of streaming content at home, as well as increased care for family, friends, and neighbors, are some of the variables that show relevant associations. These findings highlight the usefulness and versatility of this network approach for the study of health behaviors and health outcomes, which offer the researcher a holistic and organic view of the relational structure of complex data characterized by high dimensionality and variables with different levels of measurement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emotional Well-Being and Coping Strategies during the COVID-19 Crisis)
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30 pages, 484 KiB  
Article
The Challenge–Hindrance–Threat Appraisal Framework and the Differential Effects on Employees’ Work Well-Being and Behaviors
by Qin Chen, Mengfan Chen, Lin Lin and Xinwen Bai
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 734; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090734 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 531
Abstract
Considering the current economic and employment landscape, marked by high levels of uncertainty and challenges, this study introduces the challenge–hindrance–threat appraisal (CHTA) framework to examine workplace stress, with a particular focus on the often-overlooked role of threat appraisal. Across three studies using independent [...] Read more.
Considering the current economic and employment landscape, marked by high levels of uncertainty and challenges, this study introduces the challenge–hindrance–threat appraisal (CHTA) framework to examine workplace stress, with a particular focus on the often-overlooked role of threat appraisal. Across three studies using independent samples and multi-wave survey data, our research provides evidence supporting the CHTA framework and reveals the differential effects of three types of stress appraisals on the work-related well-being and behaviors of individuals. Specifically, Study 1 establishes the three-factor structure of CHTA, confirming its robust psychometric properties in each appraisal dimension. Study 2 demonstrates that threat appraisals offer unique insights into stress-related outcomes, beyond challenge and hindrance appraisals. Study 3 reveals that challenge appraisals foster learning behavior through enhancing work engagement and reduce turnover intentions through alleviating emotional exhaustion. Conversely, threat appraisals escalate turnover intentions through intensifying emotional exhaustion. Interestingly, hindrance appraisals exhibit no significant effect on either work engagement or emotional exhaustion, precluding any indirect influence on learning behavior or turnover intentions. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of differentiating between the three types of cognitive appraisals of stress—namely, challenge, hindrance, and threat appraisals—in stress management in order to enhance employee well-being and organizational effectiveness. Full article
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15 pages, 2108 KiB  
Article
Social Understanding of Disability: Determinants and Levers for Action
by Ulysse Lecomte, Araceli de los Ríos Berjillos, Laetitia Lethielleux, Xavier Deroy and Maryline Thenot
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090733 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 404
Abstract
The prejudices often associated with the perception of people with disability can limit their access to the opportunities and resources available in society, leading them to live in a climate of great socio-economic uncertainty exacerbated since the COVID-19 pandemic. This research focuses on [...] Read more.
The prejudices often associated with the perception of people with disability can limit their access to the opportunities and resources available in society, leading them to live in a climate of great socio-economic uncertainty exacerbated since the COVID-19 pandemic. This research focuses on the perceptions of young people in France, defined as those aged between 18 and 30, towards people with disability. The study draws on the principles of social psychology to understand these perceptions, the factors that influence them and the most effective ways of promoting greater inclusion. A survey of 660 young people confirms that, despite recent progress, people with disabilities are still perceived as socially excluded. The results show that familiarity with disability, open-mindedness, the visibility of disability and the quality of interactions with people with disabilities have a strong influence on perceptions. To improve these perceptions, disability training and awareness raising are considered more effective than communication or positive discrimination measures. This research is the first to explore perceptions of disability among young people in France, with the potential to influence future behavior. It suggests ways to promote effective inclusive practices and support policies that encourage positive interactions with people with disabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Living in a Time of Change and Uncertainty—New Developments in Applied Social Psychology)
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