Behavioral Sciences

21 pages, 253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Paradox of AI Empowerment in Primary School Physical Education: Why Technology May Hinder, Not Help, Teaching Efficiency

by Haoran Zha, Wenye Li, Weihao Wang and Jian Xiao

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020240 - 19 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 993

Abstract

This study investigates why artificial intelligence (AI) may hinder rather than enhance teaching efficiency in primary school physical education (PE). Guided by socio-technical systems theory, we conducted focus group interviews with 13 PE teachers (6 from Nanjing and 7 from Chongqing, China) who [...] Read more.

This study investigates why artificial intelligence (AI) may hinder rather than enhance teaching efficiency in primary school physical education (PE). Guided by socio-technical systems theory, we conducted focus group interviews with 13 PE teachers (6 from Nanjing and 7 from Chongqing, China) who had at least three years of teaching experience and two years of AI implementation experience. Participants were purposefully selected through a two-stage sampling strategy: initial screening via open-ended questionnaires to identify teachers reporting negative experiences with AI integration, followed by snowball sampling to recruit additional participants with similar perspectives. Data collection employed a dual-facilitator approach using semi-structured interviews, with one moderator guiding discussions while another observed non-verbal cues. Qualitative content analysis revealed key barriers across four dimensions: technological (interface complexity, infrastructure limitations), employee (professional identity conflicts, interpersonal tensions), task-related (real-time monitoring challenges, reduced pedagogical flexibility), and organizational (inadequate support systems, unclear implementation policies). These findings suggest that successful AI integration in PE requires a holistic approach addressing both technological and human factors, rather than focusing solely on technological advancement. The study contributes to understanding how socio-technical interactions uniquely manifest in physically active learning environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Employee Behavior on Digital-AI Transformation)

20 pages, 803 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Risk-Taking: Attachment Avoidance as a Linking Mechanism

by Jacqueline Woerner, Catalina Kopetz and Ximena Arriaga

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020239 - 19 Feb 2025

Viewed by 663

Abstract

Why might women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) become more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior? Women’s interest in casual sex may satisfy relational expectations and connection needs, while avoiding the types of close attachments that previously were violent. Specifically, attachment [...] Read more.

Why might women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) become more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior? Women’s interest in casual sex may satisfy relational expectations and connection needs, while avoiding the types of close attachments that previously were violent. Specifically, attachment avoidance was tested as a mechanism linking IPV victimization and risky sexual behavior. Women who experienced (vs. did not experience) partner violence reported higher rates of risky sexual behavior, and this association was mediated by attachment avoidance (Study 1, N = 312; age range 18–58 years, M = 28). Making IPV salient via an experimental manipulation caused more avoidant perceptions (Study 2, N = 140; age range 19–57 years, M = 31), and inducing an avoidant mindset via an experimental manipulation caused greater sexual interest (Study 3, N = 128; age range 19–66 years, M = 33). These findings suggest that IPV disrupts expectations of security and reinforces a manner of connecting with partners that leads to risky sexual encounters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Attachment Behavior and Relationships in Lifespan Development)

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21 pages, 736 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Scene Features of E-Commerce Live Streaming on Consumers’ Flow and Purchase Intentions of Sporting Goods

by Zhengyu Li, Yan Wang, Beth Anne Cianfrone, Zhen Guo, Bo Liu, James Zhang and Chenyu Shi

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020238 - 19 Feb 2025

Viewed by 958

Abstract

Purpose—The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanism of scene features (i.e., visual appeal, presence, and scene–product matching) of e-commerce live streaming and how it impacts consumers’ flow and purchase intentions of sporting goods. Design/methodology/approach—To test the hypotheses in the conceptualized [...] Read more.

Purpose—The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanism of scene features (i.e., visual appeal, presence, and scene–product matching) of e-commerce live streaming and how it impacts consumers’ flow and purchase intentions of sporting goods. Design/methodology/approach—To test the hypotheses in the conceptualized model that was developed based on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) model, sports consumers (N = 340) who watched e-commerce live streaming responded to an online survey administration. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the research model and test the hypotheses. Findings—The results reveal that scene features positively affect consumer flow experience, in which scene–product matching is the main contributing factor. Moreover, the flow experience plays a critical mediating role in influencing purchase intentions; meanwhile, the moderation role of sport identification was not found to be statistically significant. Originality/value—This study fills the void to explore how scene features of e-commerce live streaming influence consumer behavior associated with sporting goods merchandise through immersed flow experience. Confirming the applicability of the S-O-R model in the sports e-commerce live streaming setting, the findings of this study identify dimensions of scene features of e-commerce live streaming and highlight the significance of developing scene–product congruence features when designing, operating, and promoting live streaming programs while enhancing immersive involvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral Economics)

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11 pages, 505 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dark Triad and Interpersonal Forgiveness: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Relationship Satisfaction

by Yaoguo Geng, Ziyang Cheng, Liping Shi, Tingting Zhan, Zhixia Hu and Wenjing Jin

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020237 - 19 Feb 2025

Viewed by 600

Abstract

The social-emotional functions associated with the Dark Triad have been widely examined. However, further research is needed to explore the nuanced relationship between the Dark Triad and interpersonal relationships, particularly in diverse cultural contexts. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the [...] Read more.

The social-emotional functions associated with the Dark Triad have been widely examined. However, further research is needed to explore the nuanced relationship between the Dark Triad and interpersonal relationships, particularly in diverse cultural contexts. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Dark Triad and interpersonal relationship satisfaction and interpersonal forgiveness by testing 577 students with the Dirty Dozen (DD), Interpersonal Relationship Satisfaction Questionnaire (IRSQ), and the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Scale-12-Item Form (TRIM-12). Results showed that (a) overall, the Dark Triad correlated negatively with lower interpersonal relationship satisfaction and interpersonal forgiveness. (b) Narcissism differs in the pattern of correlations from Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Machiavellianism and psychopathy were positively correlated with revenge, avoidance, and interpersonal dissatisfaction and negatively correlated with interpersonal satisfaction. In contrast, narcissism was positively correlated with revenge, avoidance, interpersonal dissatisfaction, and interpersonal satisfaction. (c) The mediating models showed that individuals with higher Dark Triad scores exhibited lower interpersonal relationship satisfaction and higher levels of revenge. Individuals with higher Machiavellianism and psychopathy showed greater interpersonal relationship dissatisfaction and more pronounced avoidance. These findings highlight the nuanced role of the Dark Triad in shaping interpersonal outcomes and suggest that targeted interventions focusing on relationship satisfaction and interpersonal forgiveness could mitigate the negative social behaviors associated with these traits. Full article

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16 pages, 293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Participants’ Roles in Bullying Among 7–11 Year Olds: Results from a UK-Wide Randomized Control Trial of the KiVa School-Based Program

by Judy Hutchings, Ruth Pearson, Malavika Babu, Suzy Clarkson, Margiad Elen Williams, Julia R. Badger, Rebecca Cannings-John, Richard P. Hastings, Rachel Hayes and Lucy Bowes

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020236 - 19 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1047

Abstract

This paper describes the social architecture model of school-based bullying behavior. The model proposes that the behavior of all students affects rates of bullying. Alongside self-reported victims and bullies, the model identified four bystander roles: assistant, reinforcer, outsider, and defender. The level of [...] Read more.

This paper describes the social architecture model of school-based bullying behavior. The model proposes that the behavior of all students affects rates of bullying. Alongside self-reported victims and bullies, the model identified four bystander roles: assistant, reinforcer, outsider, and defender. The level of support for bullies varies based on school policies that address bullying and promote school connectedness. The universal components of the KiVa school-based anti-bullying program designed to teach pupils to stand against bullying are described. The Stand Together trial, a UK-based randomized controlled trial, recruited 11,000+ students from 118 schools across the UK, half of whom received the KiVa program whilst the remainder delivered usual practice to address bullying. The main trial results reported a significant reduction in victimization in favor of KiVa. This paper examines data collected on the pupil-reported Participant Role Questionnaire (PRQ), one of the secondary measures used to explore whether significant reductions in victimization were accompanied by changes in bystander behavior. The results showed reductions in the student response rates of self-identified roles as bullies, assistants, and reinforcers in favor of KiVa, but outsider roles increased, and defender roles reduced. This provides tentative support for the social architecture model as taught in the Stand Together KiVa trial but also suggests that further work needs to be conducted to support the development of defender behaviors and address this important public health challenge. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Behavioral Change to Improve Health Outcomes)

24 pages, 457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Under Pressure: Gifted Students’ Vulnerabilities, Stressors, and Coping Mechanisms Within a High Achieving High School

by Addison Helsper, Lillian DeShon, Laura E. Boylan, James Galliher and Lisa DaVia Rubenstein

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020235 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1195

Abstract

This qualitative study explores the interactions among gifted students’ vulnerabilities, stressors, supports, and coping mechanisms at a public, high-achieving residential high school. Qualitative interviews (n = 12) revealed that teachers caused stress by (a) failing to provide academic challenges and/or (b) failing [...] Read more.

This qualitative study explores the interactions among gifted students’ vulnerabilities, stressors, supports, and coping mechanisms at a public, high-achieving residential high school. Qualitative interviews (n = 12) revealed that teachers caused stress by (a) failing to provide academic challenges and/or (b) failing to support students’ diverse identities; conversely, teachers provided support when they were available, enthusiastic, and understanding. Further, peers added stress through class rank competition but fostered support through accepting diverse identities and building friendships. In general, students heavily relied on problem-focused coping to address academic stress (e.g., changing schools, advocacy), yet had minimal adaptative coping strategies to address social stress. Students also discussed hybrid coping approaches, like extracurriculars and counseling. These findings suggest that interventions, such as teacher training and peer support programs, should address specific vulnerabilities, including diverse identities, and provide direct instruction in developing coping strategies to address social stressors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social and Emotional Development of Gifted and Talented Individuals in a Rapidly Changing World)

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26 pages, 358 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychosocial Determinants of Occupational Health Through the Lenses of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation

by António Oliveira, Iara Teixeira, Felipe Alckmin-Carvalho and Henrique Pereira

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020234 - 18 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 573

Abstract

Understanding the determinants of the occupational health of specific populations and their work-related vulnerabilities is important for developing more effective psychosocial interventions. The aims of this study were (1) to explore differences in occupational health between groups of men versus women and heterosexual [...] Read more.

Understanding the determinants of the occupational health of specific populations and their work-related vulnerabilities is important for developing more effective psychosocial interventions. The aims of this study were (1) to explore differences in occupational health between groups of men versus women and heterosexual versus LGBTQIA+ individuals living in Portugal; (2) to assess whether belonging to LGBTQIA+ groups or being a woman predicts worse occupational health; and (3) to evaluate differences in absenteeism frequency and possible predictors based on sexual orientation and gender. This cross-sectional quantitative study involved 577 participants living and working in Portugal (mean age: 41.62 years, SD = 11.41). To assess occupational health, we used the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III—Middle Version). Women and LGBTQIA+ individuals reported poorer occupational health compared to men and heterosexual individuals, although greater discrepancies were observed in LGBTQIA+ individuals, especially in mental health indicators. Gender and sexual orientation were found to have modest but statistically significant effects on occupational health. The absenteeism frequency was higher among women. Our data suggest improvements in terms of women’s occupational health in Portugal, but not gender equality, which indicates that there are still points to be improved. These findings also suggest the persistence of stigma related to sexual diversity and its effects on the occupational health of LGBTQIA+ and underscore the need for more inclusive workplace policies in Portugal. Full article

13 pages, 529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interest and Transformative Experience as Predictors of Geoscience Academic and Career Choice

by Amanda D. Manzanares and Kevin J. Pugh

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020233 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 537

Abstract

Recruitment and retention of students in STEM fields continues to be a challenge. Existing models of recruitment and retention emphasize the role of domain interest and identity. In the current research, we investigated the role of transformative experience combined with domain interest/identity in [...] Read more.

Recruitment and retention of students in STEM fields continues to be a challenge. Existing models of recruitment and retention emphasize the role of domain interest and identity. In the current research, we investigated the role of transformative experience combined with domain interest/identity in predicting academic and career choice. Transformative experiences represent a form of deep engagement in which students actively apply school learning in their everyday lives and find value in doing so. We looked specifically at academic and career choice, i.e., available educational paths and various career options, in the field of geoscience, as the geosciences currently struggle to attract and retain majors, resulting in a lack of professionals to fill these jobs. We collected survey data from students (n = 60) at three U.S. universities, and used hierarchical multiple regression to investigate self-efficacy, pre-geoscience interest/identity, transformative experience, and post-geoscience interest/identity as predictors of geoscience academic and career choice. The full regression model explained 69% of the variance in geoscience academic/career choice. Further, stepwise regression analysis revealed that post-geoscience interest/identity fully mediated the relations between the other significant predictors (pre-geoscience interest/identity and transformative experience) and geoscience academic/career choice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Educational Psychology)

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15 pages, 1161 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Exercise and Sleep Quality Among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Control and the Moderating Role of Mindfulness

by Xiaopeng Li, Chengli Xu, Wanyi Chen and Jing Tian

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020232 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 725

Abstract

Although a few studies have examined the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality, the underlying mechanisms of this association remain unclear. This study aims to investigate how and under what conditions physical exercise can promote the sleep quality among Chinese college students, [...] Read more.

Although a few studies have examined the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality, the underlying mechanisms of this association remain unclear. This study aims to investigate how and under what conditions physical exercise can promote the sleep quality among Chinese college students, with a focus on how self-control mediates and mindfulness moderates this relationship. Data were collected through convenient sampling from five universities in China, with a total of 1028 college students aged 16 to 29 participating in the study. Participants were recruited to complete the self-report questionnaires measuring their physical exercise, self-control, sleep quality and mindfulness. Results showed that physical exercise significantly and positively predicts sleep quality among Chinese college students. Further moderated mediation analyses indicated that self-control plays a significant mediating role, while mindfulness plays a moderating role in this relationship. Additionally, simple slopes analyses found that the moderating effect of mindfulness is more pronounced among individuals with lower levels of mindfulness compared to those with higher levels. The findings suggest that physical exercise can enhance sleep quality by improving self-control. Furthermore, physical exercise has a beneficial impact on self-control and sleep quality among college students with low mindfulness, while mindfulness itself exerts a distinct positive influence among those with high mindfulness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Behavioral Change to Improve Health Outcomes)

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22 pages, 2243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Fitness Revolution: User Perspectives on Fitbit’s Role in Health Management

by Seong-bin Jang and Minseong Kim

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020231 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 980

Abstract

This research explores the intersection of health informatics and behavioral science through the lens of fitness technologies, specifically Fitbit products. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study examines how these technologies influence user acceptance and physical activity [...] Read more.

This research explores the intersection of health informatics and behavioral science through the lens of fitness technologies, specifically Fitbit products. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study examines how these technologies influence user acceptance and physical activity motivation. Employing a qualitative approach, the paper analyzed Fitbit user reviews to reveal insights into real-world interactions and perceptions, thereby deepening the understanding of technology adoption behaviors in health contexts. The findings highlight the significance of perceived ease of use and usefulness, as well as the integration of health consciousness in technology acceptance, enriching the TAM framework. Additionally, the study confirms Self-Determination Theory’s proposition of intrinsic motivation being more effective for lasting behavior change, as seen in users’ evolving interactions with Fitbit features. Furthermore, this study contributes to health behavior theories by demonstrating the role of technological devices in altering health routines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Psychology)

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21 pages, 296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Development of Gender Stereotypes and Sexist Attitudes Within a Group of Italian High School Students and Teachers: A Grounded Theory Investigation

by Francesco Sulla, Barbara Agueli, Andreana Lavanga, Maria Grazia Mada Logrieco, Stefania Fantinelli and Ciro Esposito

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020230 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 2425

Abstract

Gender stereotypes and sexist attitudes continue to persist in educational settings, with significant implications for students’ achievement and well-being. This study aimed to investigate the development of gender stereotypes and sexist attitudes among Italian high school students and trainee teachers. A series of [...] Read more.

Gender stereotypes and sexist attitudes continue to persist in educational settings, with significant implications for students’ achievement and well-being. This study aimed to investigate the development of gender stereotypes and sexist attitudes among Italian high school students and trainee teachers. A series of focus groups were conducted with a group of Italian school students and trainee teachers to uncover the complex interplay of individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal factors that contribute to the formation and perpetuation of these biases. Analysis was conducted using a grounded theory approach. The findings reveal a nuanced and multifaceted understanding of the issue, highlighting the critical role of teacher attitudes, peer influence, and broader cultural norms in shaping students’ perceptions and behaviors. This study offers insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers seeking to address gender inequities in education and promote more inclusive and equitable learning environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Well-Being in Educational Contexts: Social–Psychological Perspectives and Innovations)

15 pages, 1719 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Playing for a Healthy Life: Integrating Mobile Exergames in Physical Education

by Pablo Sotoca-Orgaz, Marta Arévalo-Baeza and José A. Navia

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020229 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 800

Abstract

This study aimed to promote a coherent pedagogical framework for integrating mobile exergames into physical education (PE) as a strategy to reduce sedentary behavior. The intervention was grounded in the game-based learning methodology, assessing the impact of exergame practice on the physical and [...] Read more.

This study aimed to promote a coherent pedagogical framework for integrating mobile exergames into physical education (PE) as a strategy to reduce sedentary behavior. The intervention was grounded in the game-based learning methodology, assessing the impact of exergame practice on the physical and mental well-being of prospective PE teachers. The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and a mental effort scale were used to evaluate perceived exertion across various mini-games, measuring physical intensity, motor engagement, and mental effort with participation from 130 undergraduate students in Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. Additionally, the pedagogical and motivational aspects of the Active Arcade v3.11 video game were analyzed to support its future integration into secondary education PE classes. Participants reported high levels of motor engagement throughout the program, accompanied by moderate physical intensity. They also emphasized the user-friendly nature of these augmented reality exergames and expressed enjoyment during the sessions. The findings suggest that mobile exergames hold considerable potential for enhancing skill acquisition and fundamental motor skills while promoting healthy habits among students in PE classes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity for Psychological and Cognitive Development)

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21 pages, 303 KiB

Open AccessArticle

School Safety Concerns and Solutions: A Qualitative Analysis of U.S. School Psychologists’ Perspectives

by Luz E. Robinson, Kate R. Watson, Natalie Fensterstock, Sawyer Hogenkamp, Yinuo Xu, Hannah Garner, Vanessa R. Warri, Casie H. Morgan, Anthony A. Garcia, Chaoyue Wu, Danielle Dunn, Dorothy L. Espelage, Ron A. Astor, Susan D. McMahon, Linda A. Reddy, Eric M. Anderman, Frank C. Worrell and Andrew Martinez

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020228 - 18 Feb 2025

Viewed by 2868

Abstract

In the present study, we analyzed qualitative survey data from 538 school psychologists across schools in the United States regarding their perceptions of school safety issues and potential strategies to address school safety. There are only a few studies exploring the experiences and [...] Read more.

In the present study, we analyzed qualitative survey data from 538 school psychologists across schools in the United States regarding their perceptions of school safety issues and potential strategies to address school safety. There are only a few studies exploring the experiences and perspectives of school psychologists that have been based on large-scale qualitative data. Using inductive coding, three themes for safety concerns emerged: (a) aggressive behaviors from students, (b) mental and behavioral needs, and (c) limited staffing. Three themes also emerged for potential solutions: (a) professional development/training, (b) school–family–community relationships, and (c) threat assessments. These findings from school psychologists have implications for addressing structural issues to prevent school violence in research and practice. Policy recommendations to inform resource allocation and improve school safety are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Violence in the School Community: Students, Parents, Teachers, and Staff Members)

26 pages, 490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can Digital Human Capital Promote Farmers’ Willingness to Engage in Green Production? Exploring the Role of Online Learning and Social Networks

by Siyu Gong, Ludi Jiang and Zhigang Yu

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020227 - 18 Feb 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 661

Abstract

The development of rural digitalization has become a key driving force for promoting green agricultural production. However, in practical operations, due to the insufficient digital skills and lack of necessary digital human capital among farmers, they struggle to distinguish between green production methods [...] Read more.

The development of rural digitalization has become a key driving force for promoting green agricultural production. However, in practical operations, due to the insufficient digital skills and lack of necessary digital human capital among farmers, they struggle to distinguish between green production methods and traditional practices, which in turn reduces their willingness to adopt green production. This study employed empirical research methods to collect data from 854 farmers in China’s largest grain-producing region and used the Probit model to analyze the impact of digital human capital on farmers’ willingness to engage in green production. The results indicate that an increase in digital human capital can significantly enhance farmers’ willingness to engage in green production. Additionally, it was found that online learning can enhance farmers’ willingness towards green production, with informal online learning proving more effective. Further analysis revealed that social networks play a mediating role between digital human capital and farmers’ willingness to engage in green production. The study also explored the heterogeneous impact of digital human capital on different groups of farmers, highlighting that increases in digital human capital have a more pronounced effect on the willingness of small-scale farmers and middle-aged farmers to engage in green production. Therefore, continuously enhancing digital human capital, emphasizing diverse learning channels, and leveraging ’acquaintance networks’ to encourage farmers to improve their awareness of green production through digital platforms are critical for promoting sustainable green agriculture in developing countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral Economics)

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18 pages, 1140 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Jumping to Conclusions: Mechanisms of Cognitive Control in Decision-Making Under Uncertainty

by Pei-Chun Shih, África Pérez-Santiago, Daniel Peña, Daniel Wazne and Santiago Román

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020226 - 17 Feb 2025

Viewed by 989

Abstract

Cognitive control encompasses mental processes that regulate thoughts and actions to achieve specific goals. It is essential in decision-making, facilitating attention management, impulse inhibition, and adaptation to new information—skills critical for rational choices, particularly under uncertainty. In jumping to conclusions (JTC), where individuals [...] Read more.

Cognitive control encompasses mental processes that regulate thoughts and actions to achieve specific goals. It is essential in decision-making, facilitating attention management, impulse inhibition, and adaptation to new information—skills critical for rational choices, particularly under uncertainty. In jumping to conclusions (JTC), where individuals make premature decisions based on limited evidence, cognitive control deficits are often implicated. Cognitive stability helps maintain focus and resist distractions but may lead to premature conclusions if excessive. In contrast, cognitive flexibility supports adaptive decision-making by incorporating new information but may foster hasty decisions if insufficient. This study examined JTC and cognitive control mechanisms in 200 university students. Participants completed the Box Task under varied uncertainty conditions, tasks assessing stability (Flanker–Simon Task) and flexibility (Letter–Number Task), and the BIS/BAS questionnaire. Cluster analysis identified three evidence-gathering profiles: minimal, moderate, and extensive. Significant differences were found between clusters in both flexibility and stability, with individuals in the extensive evidence-gathering cluster showing superior cognitive control. However, higher uncertainty amplified the reliance on flexibility, highlighting its role in adapting to challenging conditions, while stability remained unaffected. No significant association emerged between BIS/BAS indices and Box Task performance. These findings emphasize the interplay between uncertainty, cognitive control, and decision-making, underscoring the need for further research to refine interventions targeting decision-making biases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personality Traits and Decision-Making Styles as Predictors of Behavior)

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14 pages, 586 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Executive Function: A Comparative Study Among Active, Passive, and Non-Procrastinating College Students

by Chentao Liu and Juanjuan Zhang

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020225 - 17 Feb 2025

Viewed by 786

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention on the executive functions of active, passive, and non-procrastinating college students. Methods: A total of 190 college students (36 male, 154 female, 19.56 ± 1.11 years old) with different types [...] Read more.

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention on the executive functions of active, passive, and non-procrastinating college students. Methods: A total of 190 college students (36 male, 154 female, 19.56 ± 1.11 years old) with different types of procrastination were recruited from the first and second years of a university using the General Procrastination Scale and the Active Procrastination Scale. A 3 (procrastination type: active procrastination, passive procrastination, non-procrastination) × 2 (group: exercise group, control group) × 2 (measurement time: pre-test, post-test) mixed experimental design was employed. All participants attended regular physical education classes as usual, while the exercise group participated in an 8 week aerobic exercise program. Before and after the intervention, the inhibition, updating, and switching sub-functions of executive function were assessed. Results: (1) Active procrastinators and passive procrastinators showed significant differences in their inhibition scores, inhibition accuracy, updating scores, and updating accuracy (p < 0.05). Non-procrastinators exhibited a significantly higher inhibition accuracy than passive procrastinators (p < 0.05), while active procrastinators had a significantly higher updating accuracy than non-procrastinators (p < 0.05). As can be seen, there were significant differences in inhibition and updating functions between active procrastinators and passive procrastinators, with passive procrastinators showing obvious deficiencies in their inhibition accuracy. (2) After the intervention, the aerobic exercise group of non-procrastinators showed a significant reduction in their inhibition reaction time and updating reaction time (p < 0.05). The passive procrastination in the exercise group showed significant improvements in switching accuracy and inhibition accuracy (p < 0.05). The active procrastination in the exercise group showed a significant reduction in updating reaction time (p < 0.05). From the above findings, it is clear that the eight-week aerobic exercise intervention has shown improvement effects on the executive function of college students with different procrastination types, and the extent of the improvement in each sub-function of executive function varies depending on the type of procrastination. Conclusion: This study reveals the relationship between exercise and the development of the sub-functions of executive function in college students with procrastination, further validating the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing exercise interventions in real-world school settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Sport and Physical Activity on the Mental Health of Adolescents and Children)

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20 pages, 341 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the Behavioral–Emotional Regulation Questionnaire in Peruvian Adults (BERQ-PA)

by Dennis López-Odar, Marivel Aguirre-Morales, Ingrid Cirilo-Acero, Edmundo Hervias-Guerra, Arístides Vara-Horna and Sabina Deza-Villanueva

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020224 - 16 Feb 2025

Viewed by 734

Abstract

Behavioral and cognitive regulation of emotions is crucial for adaptation and mental health. Measuring it with valid and reliable instruments is essential, especially in Peru. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Peruvian version of the Behavioral [...] Read more.

Behavioral and cognitive regulation of emotions is crucial for adaptation and mental health. Measuring it with valid and reliable instruments is essential, especially in Peru. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Peruvian version of the Behavioral Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (BERQ-PA) in a sample of 403 adults from Lima, aged between 18 and 59 years (M = 32.3, SD = 10.1; 65.8% women). Participants completed the BERQ-PA, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the validity of the internal structure. The BERQ-PA scores were correlated with those of the ERQ and GHQ-28 to check concurrent and convergent validity. Reliability was established by internal consistency analysis, and factorial invariance according to sex was evaluated using a multigroup CFA. The CFA confirmed the original five-factor model; however, two items had factor loadings lower than 0.40. For this reason, an alternative five-factor, 18-item model was evaluated that showed optimal fit indices (S-Bχ² = 299, df = 125, χ²/df = 2.39, CFI = 0.959, TLI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.048 [90% CI: 0.039–0.057], SRMR = 0.069). The alpha and omega coefficients of the five subscales were greater than 0.70, confirming reliability. The correlations between the BERQ, ERQ, and GHQ-28 subscales evidenced convergent and concurrent validity. Factorial invariance according to sex was confirmed. The BERQ-PA is a valid and reliable measure of the behavioral regulation of emotions, standing out for its usefulness for research, psychological assessment, and the assessment of interventions in the Peruvian context. Full article

24 pages, 2667 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Public Health Advocacy in Times of Pandemic: An Analysis of the Medicare-For-All Debate on Twitter During COVID-19

by Sushant Kumar, Shreyas Meher and Pengfei Zhang

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020223 - 16 Feb 2025

Viewed by 917

Abstract

COVID-19 has reinvigorated the policy debate for a universal healthcare system, attracting much attention on social media. In this paper, we study the online discourse of Medicare-For-All before and after COVID-19 by examining the Twitter feeds of two opposing health advocacy groups—Physicians for [...] Read more.

COVID-19 has reinvigorated the policy debate for a universal healthcare system, attracting much attention on social media. In this paper, we study the online discourse of Medicare-For-All before and after COVID-19 by examining the Twitter feeds of two opposing health advocacy groups—Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP) and Partnership for America’s Healthcare Future (P4AHCF). Our empirical results show a sharp contrast between the two interest groups’ communication strategies. PNHP showed a consistent narrative before and after the onset of COVID-19 on 11 March 2020, marked by personalized stories, references to diverse demographic groups, and a growing number of Medicare-For-All tweets. In contrast, P4AHCF showed more scientific terminology and data-centric tweets and had an inconsistent narrative with a sudden surge in positive sentiments and a complete silence on Medicare-For-All right after 11 March. The difference in communication strategies is consequential. PNHP has higher engagement with Twitter users and is more adaptive to a pandemic narrative than P4AHCF. We discuss how distinctive social media strategies can be explained by the groups’ different audiences and resources. The findings add to our understanding of healthcare advocacy campaigns on social media and the implication of a pandemic for health policy reform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Communication Strategies and Practices in Conflicts)

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21 pages, 313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Out of the Mouths of Babes: Black Children’s Experiences of Emotion-Focused Racial–Ethnic Socialization, Coping, and Antiracist Resistance

by Emilie Phillips Smith, Simone E. Bibbs, Deborah J. Johnson, Lekie Dwanyen, Kendal Holtrop and LaVelle Gipson-Tansil

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020222 - 16 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1315

Abstract

Black children in the U.S. learn from scaffolded parental teachings to help manage racial discrimination. Middle childhood is an understudied developmental period for this research. This paper builds upon research on culturally informed practices Black caregivers use to rear their young with a [...] Read more.

Black children in the U.S. learn from scaffolded parental teachings to help manage racial discrimination. Middle childhood is an understudied developmental period for this research. This paper builds upon research on culturally informed practices Black caregivers use to rear their young with a healthy identity and socio-emotional skills to navigate racism Guided by a phenomenological qualitative approach, we conducted focus groups with 39 Black children (Mean_age = 7.67, 54% girls, 46% boys). Children reported that their parents imparted a sense of positive identity in terms of their cultural heritage, skin, and hair—areas in which they experienced frequent bullying. A uniqueness of our study is that Black children also reported learning emotion-centered coping strategies that focus on their inner strengths and private speech. They adopted a range of adaptive coping mechanisms such as kindness, ignoring perpetrators, centering their positive identity, identity framing, and fighting back. Through children’s voices, we build upon previous research integrating racial–ethnic socialization (RES) with socio-emotional competencies in response to discrimination. We underscore the importance of exploring racial–ethnic identity development and socialization in childhood, a developmental period in which these processes are understudied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of the Interaction of Parenting Practices and Environment on Children’s Outcomes)

18 pages, 791 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Internet Use for Creative Purposes and Its Correlation with Perceived Usefulness, Computer Anxiety, and Emotional Intelligence: The Intermediary Effect of the Perceived Ease of Use

by Kurtuluş Demirkol, Sena Esin İmamoğlu, Şaziye Serda Kayman, Salih Zeki İmamoğlu and Serhat Erat

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020221 - 16 Feb 2025

Viewed by 948

Abstract

Although researchers have shown great interest in the antecedents and consequences of internet use due to the internet becoming a part of daily life, there is a gap in the literature regarding the factors that affect teachers’ use of the internet for creative [...] Read more.

Although researchers have shown great interest in the antecedents and consequences of internet use due to the internet becoming a part of daily life, there is a gap in the literature regarding the factors that affect teachers’ use of the internet for creative purposes. This study aims to empirically examine teachers’ use of the internet for creative purposes and explores its relationship with emotional intelligence, computer anxiety, and the perceived ease of use of the internet. Furthermore, the possible intermediary effect of the perceived ease of use of the internet on creativity among these variables is also empirically investigated. In this context, data were obtained from 264 teachers in the Marmara Region in Turkey using a survey method. To test hypothesized relationships, structural equation modeling was conducted. Findings revealed that computer anxiety has a negative effect on creativity, while perceived usefulness, emotional intelligence, and the perceived ease of use have a positive effect. Our results also supported the partial mediating role of the perceived ease of use in the relationships between emotional intelligence and creativity, as well as between perceived usefulness and creativity, and the full mediating role of the perceived ease of use in the relationship between computer anxiety and creativity. Therefore, this research extends teachers’ understanding of technology acceptance and creativity by linking the two. Moreover, research findings provide important information to shape educational policies or professional development programs on the basis of digital education and offer a different approach to educators. Full article

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15 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sleep Loss and Substance Use Disorders: An Issue from Adolescents to Adults

by Ana Clementina Equihua-Benítez, Rodolfo Espinoza-Abad and Fabio García-García

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020220 - 15 Feb 2025

Viewed by 958

Abstract

Unsatisfactory sleep is a worldwide concern, as evidenced by the high prevalence of insomnia symptoms and diagnosis in the general population, and an issue that has also risen among adolescents. These circumstances are a cause of worry due to, among other factors, the [...] Read more.

Unsatisfactory sleep is a worldwide concern, as evidenced by the high prevalence of insomnia symptoms and diagnosis in the general population, and an issue that has also risen among adolescents. These circumstances are a cause of worry due to, among other factors, the observed bidirectional association of sleep disturbances and the risk of substance use disorder development. In this regard, across the globe, several reports indicate that substance consumption is at an all-time high, with alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis leading the charts. Additionally, the age of onset has dropped, with reports suggesting that first contact is usually during adolescence. Although the nature of the link between poor sleep and substance use disorder development is still not fully understood, it is possible that an overactive orexinergic system could play a role, as it has been observed that treatment with orexinergic antagonists improves insomnia symptoms and that postmortem studies show an increase in orexin immunoreactive neurons in sections obtained from habitual opioid consumers. We further argue that it is during adolescence that this maladaptive loop can be established, priming for the development of substance use disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Human Behavior and Neural Activity)

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21 pages, 1445 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Τhe Greek Version of the Marwit–Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory (MM-CGI) and MM-CGI Short Form (MM-CGI-SF): An Examination of Their Psychometric Properties in Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia Before Death

by Efthymia Tsigkou, Konstantina Athina Tsironi, Georgia Papantoniou, Maria Sofologi, Georgios Kougioumtzis, Ioanna Giannoula Katsouri, Despina Moraitou and Magda Tsolaki

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020219 - 15 Feb 2025

Viewed by 671

Abstract

Family caregivers of dementia patients experience grief, not only after the death of the patient, but also during the course of the disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Greek version (full and short) of [...] Read more.

Family caregivers of dementia patients experience grief, not only after the death of the patient, but also during the course of the disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Greek version (full and short) of the Marwit–Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory (MM-CGI and MM-CGI Short Form) before death in a sample of Greek caregivers of persons with dementia. In particular, the study attempts to test the internal consistency reliability as well as the structural and convergent validity of the inventory. The inventory was administered to 515 family caregivers (offsprings and spouses) along with a socio-demographic information form, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) exploratively to a subset of dementia patients cared for by survey participants. The application of confirmatory factor analyses revealed a slightly different structure of the Greek version of the MM-CGI, but they fully verified the structure of the Greek version of the MM-CGI-SF. Both the internal consistency reliability and the convergent validity of the subscales of the Greek version of the MM-CGI-SF were good. The findings of the present study indicate that the short version of the Marwit–Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory is a reliable and valid tool for the early assessment of aspects of grief among the Greek population of family caregivers of dementia patients, in order to potentiate the prevention of their depression and anxiety. Full article

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15 pages, 414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How People Manage Relationship Problems: An Exploratory Study in the Greek Cultural Context

by Menelaos Apostolou, Anthi Samara and Timo Juhani Lajunen

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020218 - 15 Feb 2025

Viewed by 597

Abstract

Problems frequently arise in intimate relationships, and people need to find ways to manage them if they want their relationships to continue. The purpose of the current research was to identify the strategies that people use to manage relationship problems, employing a mixed-methods [...] Read more.

Problems frequently arise in intimate relationships, and people need to find ways to manage them if they want their relationships to continue. The purpose of the current research was to identify the strategies that people use to manage relationship problems, employing a mixed-methods approach, specifically, in a sample of 224 Greek-speaking participants. Study 1 employed qualitative research methods and identified 93 actions that people perform to manage relationship problems. Study 2 employed quantitative research methods in a sample of 526 Greek-speaking participants and classified these actions into three main strategies. The most likely to be used main strategy was “Solve the problem”, where participants attempted to solve the problem by discussing and negotiating it with their partners, making compromises, improving physical intimacy, and avoiding acting in the heat of the moment. The second most likely to be used main strategy was “External input”, where participants aimed to obtain advice and support from others, including friends, relatives, and psychologists. The least likely to be used strategy was “Avoid the problem”, where participants attempted to manage their problems by ignoring or avoiding them. Participants indicated that they were likely to use a combination of strategies to manage their problems. Men and women were generally in agreement over which strategy to use, while age effects were found for several strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychology of Mate Choice, Romantic Relationships and Sexuality)

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22 pages, 2271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Long-Term Impact of Moral Education on College Students’ Psychological Well-Being: A Longitudinal Study Revealing Multidimensional Synergistic Mechanisms

by Xianghui Tian and Yanlin Tang

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020217 - 15 Feb 2025

Viewed by 987

Abstract

Moral education significantly impacts the psychological well-being of college students by cultivating moral awareness, social responsibility, and moral values. However, existing studies have mainly focused on its cognitive effects (e.g., value formation and moral judgment development), with less attention to its impact on [...] Read more.

Moral education significantly impacts the psychological well-being of college students by cultivating moral awareness, social responsibility, and moral values. However, existing studies have mainly focused on its cognitive effects (e.g., value formation and moral judgment development), with less attention to its impact on the affective level (e.g., positive and negative emotions). Longitudinal studies on its long-term effects are also limited. To address this gap, the present study conducted two waves of a longitudinal survey involving 423 Chinese university students. The results showed that baseline moral education levels significantly predicted subsequent psychological well-being, including higher psychological prosperity, more positive emotions, and fewer negative emotions. Additionally, gender moderated the relationship between moral education and psychological well-being: females showed significantly higher levels of well-being than males after receiving moral education. This study provides deeper insights into how moral education affects the psychological well-being of college students and offers theoretical and practical recommendations for enhancing emotion regulation and implementing psychological well-being interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Educational Psychology)

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18 pages, 343 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Understanding and Friendships in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Dyslexia

by Sofia Kouvava, Katerina Antonopoulou, Constantinos M. Kokkinos and Asimina M. Ralli

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020216 - 15 Feb 2025

Viewed by 947

Abstract

Social understanding relies upon children’s experience of the world and their communicative interaction with others. Opportunities to engage in cooperative social interaction, such as friendships, can foster the development of social understanding. Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia often have friendships [...] Read more.

Social understanding relies upon children’s experience of the world and their communicative interaction with others. Opportunities to engage in cooperative social interaction, such as friendships, can foster the development of social understanding. Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia often have friendships of poorer quality. The present study examined relationships and differences in social understanding and friendship quality in children with ADHD or dyslexia, in comparison to neurotypically developing children (NTD). Participants were 192 primary-school students (M_age = 9.77, SD = 1.21) from Attica, Greece. Social understanding was measured with second-order and advanced theory of mind (ToM) tasks, and the Bryant’s Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents, while friendships were examined with the Friendship Quality Questionnaire. Children with ADHD scored significantly lower across all positive characteristics of friendship quality, empathy and advanced ToM than those with dyslexia, who in turn scored significantly lower than NTD children. Moreover, children with ADHD performed significantly worse in the second-order ToM tasks compared to children with NTD or dyslexia, while NTD children scored significantly lower in the friendship conflict betrayal subscale compared to both ADHD and dyslexia groups. Multiple regression analyses controlling for learning disability status, gender, and age showed that ToM and perceived empathy predict friendship quality characteristics in all groups of children. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of children’s friendship relationships and give insight to parents and professionals involved in children’s education, provision, and mental health care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Motivation and Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies in Learning across the Lifespan)

25 pages, 3219 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bystanders to Bias: Witnessing Gendered Microaggressions Affects Men’s and Women’s Outcomes in STEM Small Group Contexts

by Nadia Vossoughi, Logan C. Burley, Ryan P. Foley, Lorelle A. Meadows and Denise Sekaquaptewa

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020215 - 14 Feb 2025

Viewed by 646

Abstract

We tested whether merely witnessing gendered microaggressions affects group work experiences among male and female undergraduate computer science and engineering students. Across three experiments (N = 753), we randomly assigned computer science and engineering students to witness microaggressions targeting female students, or [...] Read more.

We tested whether merely witnessing gendered microaggressions affects group work experiences among male and female undergraduate computer science and engineering students. Across three experiments (N = 753), we randomly assigned computer science and engineering students to witness microaggressions targeting female students, or control interactions, using a video manipulation. Witnessing microaggressions—compared to the control—resulted in heightened gender-specific stereotyping concerns, with women being concerned about appearing incompetent and men being concerned with appearing sexist. For both women and men, witnessing microaggressions resulted in decreased enthusiasm for participating in group work. Moreover, for women, the relationship between decreased enthusiasm and witnessing microaggressions was partially mediated by increased concerns about being stereotyped as incompetent. Across the experiments, mixed results emerged regarding the effect of witnessing microaggressions on the recall of engineering content in the video. This research extends previous work focused on personally experiencing microaggressions to merely witnessing them, showing that positivity toward anticipated group work is diminished for both women and men when they see peers engaging in microaggressions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Psychology of Underrepresentation in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics))

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20 pages, 828 KiB

Open AccessReview

Protecting Educators: A Scoping Review of Interventions That Address Teacher Victimization

by Sarah M. Stilwell, Paulina Guzmán, Jorge Varela, Susan D. McMahon, Kailyn Bare, Justin Heinze and Marc Zimmerman

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020214 - 14 Feb 2025

Viewed by 781

Abstract

The prevalence of teacher-directed violence has been well-documented around the world. However, interventions focused on the prevention of teacher victimization have received less attention. Understanding how to reduce teacher-directed violence is vital to preserving the overall well-being of teachers, supporting their teaching, reducing [...] Read more.

The prevalence of teacher-directed violence has been well-documented around the world. However, interventions focused on the prevention of teacher victimization have received less attention. Understanding how to reduce teacher-directed violence is vital to preserving the overall well-being of teachers, supporting their teaching, reducing teacher burnout, and providing recommendations for future research. The current scoping review reports on teacher-directed violence interventions in K–12 school settings (n = 2). In addition, emerging evidence is described that provides recommendations for developing teacher-directed violence interventions (n = 6). The results from this scoping review reinforce the need for further study of teacher victimization-focused interventions to support the essential work of teachers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Violence in the School Community: Students, Parents, Teachers, and Staff Members)

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23 pages, 1848 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cross-Analysis of mHealth Social Acceptance Among Youth: A Comparative Study Between Japan and China

by Olugbenga Akiogbe, Hanlin Feng, Karin Kurata, Makoto Niwa, Jianfei Cao, Shuo Zhang, Itsuki Kageyama, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Yeongjoo Lim and Kota Kodama

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020213 - 14 Feb 2025

Viewed by 620

Abstract

Although mobile health (mHealth) technologies have emerged as a revolutionary approach to enhance healthcare delivery, few studies have examined how it is perceived and accepted in different cultures. This study investigated mHealth’s social acceptance among young people in Japan and China, with a [...] Read more.

Although mobile health (mHealth) technologies have emerged as a revolutionary approach to enhance healthcare delivery, few studies have examined how it is perceived and accepted in different cultures. This study investigated mHealth’s social acceptance among young people in Japan and China, with a focus on cultural influences on technology adoption. A comparative analysis approach was adopted, employing an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of the technology model. University students from both countries, recruited using harmonized sampling methods, completed questionnaires. We employed descriptive statistics to summarize the sample characteristics, confirmatory factor analysis to validate the constructs, multigroup analysis to test for measurement invariance and ensure the applicability of the model in both cultural contexts, and comparative path analysis to explore differences in the various factors influencing mHealth acceptance in each cultural setting. The findings revealed distinct cultural effects on mHealth acceptance. Japanese young people showed cautious acceptance influenced by societal norms and infrastructure, whereas Chinese young people demonstrated strong engagement driven by government support and the growing digital health industry. The study emphasizes the importance of considering cultural and systemic dynamics when integrating mHealth into youth healthcare models and suggests tailored strategies for successful implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paving the Path to Well-Being Through Human Behavior Analysis with Data Science)

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21 pages, 1123 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying the Influence of Facial Information Processing on Estimation Performance

by Xinqi Huang, Xiaofan Zhou, Mingyi Xu, Zhihao Liu, Yilin Ma, Chuanlin Zhu and Dongquan Kou

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020212 - 14 Feb 2025

Viewed by 553

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the roles of facial information processing and math anxiety in estimation performance. Across three experiments, participants completed a two-digit multiplication estimation task under the conditions of emotion judgment (Experiment 1), identity judgment (Experiment 2), and combined emotion and [...] Read more.

This study aimed to investigate the roles of facial information processing and math anxiety in estimation performance. Across three experiments, participants completed a two-digit multiplication estimation task under the conditions of emotion judgment (Experiment 1), identity judgment (Experiment 2), and combined emotion and identity judgment (Experiment 3). In the estimation task, participants used either the down-up or up-down problem to select approximate answers. In Experiment 1, we found that negative emotions impair estimation performance, while positive and consistent emotions have a facilitating effect on estimation efficiency. In Experiment 2, we found that emotion and identity consistency interact with each other, and negative emotions actually promote estimation efficiency when identity is consistent. In Experiment 3, we found that emotion, identity consistency, and emotional consistency have complex interactions on estimation performance. Moreover, in most face-processing conditions, participants’ estimation performance is not affected by their level of math anxiety. However, in a small number of cases, mean proportions under happy and fearful conditions are negatively correlated with math anxiety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)

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18 pages, 304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Estimating the Minimum Sample Size for Neural Network Model Fitting—A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

by Yongtian Cheng, Konstantinos Vassilis Petrides and Johnson Li

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020211 - 14 Feb 2025

Viewed by 718

Abstract

In the era of machine learning, many psychological studies use machine learning methods. Specifically, neural networks, a set of machine learning methods that exhibit exceptional performance in various tasks, have been used on psychometric datasets for supervised model fitting. From the computer scientist’s [...] Read more.

In the era of machine learning, many psychological studies use machine learning methods. Specifically, neural networks, a set of machine learning methods that exhibit exceptional performance in various tasks, have been used on psychometric datasets for supervised model fitting. From the computer scientist’s perspective, psychometric independent variables are typically ordinal and low-dimensional—characteristics that can significantly impact model performance. To our knowledge, there is no guidance about the sample planning suggestion for this task. Therefore, we conducted a simulation study to test the performance of an NN with different sample sizes and the simulation of both linear and nonlinear relationships. We proposed the minimum sample size for the neural network model fitting with two criteria: the performance of 95% of the models is close to the theoretical maximum, and 80% of the models can outperform the linear model. The findings of this simulation study show that the performance of neural networks can be unstable with ordinal variables as independent variables, and we suggested that neural networks should not be used on ordinal independent variables with at least common nonlinear relationships in psychology. Further suggestions and research directions are also provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring New Frontiers in Psychometrics: Advancing Measurement of Skills and Behaviors)

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Behav. Sci., Volume 15, Issue 2 (February 2025) – 141 articles

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