Gender Budgeting: A Contextual Analysis of the Higher-Education Sector in Albania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
The Council of Ministers Decision |
No. 542, Dated 20 September 2023 |
For the approval of the National Strategy for Scientific Research, Technology and Innovation 2023–2030 and action plan for its implementation |
PART II—POLICY GOALS AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE NSSRTI 2023–2030 |
The purpose of the policy 1 |
Creating an efficient and sustainable system for supporting scientific research, integrated at the international level, in the entire spectrum of humanities, technical, and social sciences. |
Specific Objective 1.1 |
Complementing and implementing the legal and regulatory framework to guarantee quality, ethics, and effectiveness in the development and application of research in line with priority areas. |
................................ |
The results are expected to be achieved through the implementation of measures related to the specific objective. |
(k) Drafting and approval of the national planto promote gender equality in science, technology, and innovation. |
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Gender-Based Contextual Analysis of HEIs
3.1.1. Trends in Academic Careers by Gender
- Grade A: Academic staff with the academic title “Professor” in the Albanian higher-education system.
- Grade B: Academic staff with the academic title “Associate Professor” in the Albanian higher-education system.
- Grade C: Academic staff with the academic title “Doctor” in the Albanian higher-education system.
- Grade D: Academicians and Lecturers without titles (full-time).
3.1.2. Representation of Women among Academic Staff of Grade A
3.1.3. Representation of Women among Academic Staff by Grade and Overall
3.1.4. Evaluation of the Glass-Ceiling Index
3.1.5. Participation of Women in Scientific Decision-Making Positions
3.2. A Comparative Content Analysis of GEPs Implemented in Academia
4. Materials and Methods
- Percentage (%) of men and women in academic careers, students, and academic staff (complex index).
- Percentage (%) of women among academic staff, by rank and total.
- Glass-ceiling index (GCI).
- Percentage (%) of grade A staff among all academic staff, by sex.
- Percentage (%) of women presidents of institutions and boards (referred to here only as Senate members).
5. Conclusions
- Women represent 57.04% of the total academic staff in Albania.
- Women are under-represented at grade A nationally (due to vertical segregation or the glass-ceiling effect).
- Women are under-represented in decision-making in public-sector higher education (achieving grade A (i.e., the academic title “Professor”) is considered a prerequisite for this).
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sector | 2022–2023 | ||
---|---|---|---|
M | F | Total | |
Public | 26.72% | 10.86% | 17.19% |
Private | 21.47% | 6.63% | 14.96% |
Higher-education overall | 24.66% | 9.80% | 16.48% |
Sector | 2022–2023 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade A | Grade B | Grade C | Grade D | Total | |
Public | 38.01% | 61.16% | 66.51% | 47.52% | 60.89% |
Private | 19.46% | 36.17% | 52.60% | 62.46% | 49.86% |
Higher-education overall | 32.72% | 54.29% | 61.76% | 53.22% | 57.04% |
Sector | 2022–2023 | |
---|---|---|
M | F | |
Public | 0.64 | 1.58 |
Private | 0.7 | 2.26 |
Higher-education overall | 0.67 | 1.68 |
No. | Institution | Sector | Content of GEPs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Period of Time | Contextual Analysis | Fields of Action (According to EU Criteria) | Gender Analysis of the Medium-Term Budget | Gender-Based Financial Allocation | Alignment with SDGs | |||
1 | Agricultural University of Tirana | Public | 2023-2025 (first GEP) | ✓ | ||||
2 | University of Tirana | Public | 2022-2024 (second GEP) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
3 | Polytechnic University of Tirana | Public | 2022-2025 (first GEP) | ✓ | ||||
4 | University of Medicine, Tirana | Public | 2023-2024 (first GEP) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
5 | University of Elbasan, “Aleksandër Xhuvani” | Public | 2023-2024 (first GEP) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
6 | University of Fan S. Noli, Korce | Public | 2023-2025 (first GEP) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
7 | University of Vlora, “Ismail Qemali” | Public | 2023-2024 (first GES *) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
8 | Aleksandër Moisiu University of Durrës | Public | 2022-2025 (first GEP) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
9 | University Metropolitan Tirana | Private | 2023-2028 (first GEP) | ✓ | ||||
10 | Mediterranean University of Albania | Private | 2023-2025 (first GEP) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
11 | Polis University, Tirana | Private | 2022-2028 (first GEP) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
12 | European University of Tirana | Private | 2022-2026 (first GEP) | ✓ | ✓ | |||
13 | University of New York Tirana | Private | 2024-2029 (first GEP) | ✓ | ✓ |
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Llaftiu, B.; Shuli, I. Gender Budgeting: A Contextual Analysis of the Higher-Education Sector in Albania. Adm. Sci. 2024, 14, 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14080180
Llaftiu B, Shuli I. Gender Budgeting: A Contextual Analysis of the Higher-Education Sector in Albania. Administrative Sciences. 2024; 14(8):180. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14080180
Chicago/Turabian StyleLlaftiu, Brunilda, and Ingrid Shuli. 2024. "Gender Budgeting: A Contextual Analysis of the Higher-Education Sector in Albania" Administrative Sciences 14, no. 8: 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14080180