Optimal Harmonic Mitigation in Distribution Systems with Inverter Based Distributed Generation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Problem Formulation
2.1. Objective Functions
2.1.1. Minimizing the Total Harmonic Distortion (f1)
2.1.2. Improving the Voltage Profile (f2)
2.1.3. Minimizing the Cost of the Total Active Power Loss and That of the Filter Investment Cost (f3)
2.2. Constraints
- (1)
- Voltage limits:
- (2)
- Power balance constraints:PL and QL are active and reactive power losses, respectively. Pd and Qd are load demand active and reactive powers. PGi and QGi are active and reactive power at ith DG unit, respectively.
- (3)
- Generation operating limits:
- (4)
- Harmonic distortion limits:
3. Optimization Algorithm and Electric Scheme Representation
3.1. Water Cycle Optimization Algorithm
3.2. Electric Scheme and Single Tuned Filter Representation
4. Proposed Filters Planning Procedure
- (1)
- Carrying out harmonic power flow calculation based on the backward/forward sweep power flow for balanced radial distribution feeders [35], Power flow analyses are carried before and after adding the filters into the system.
- (2)
- Calculating fitness function using the harmonic power flow results.
- (3)
- Checking the buses’ voltage, THD, and IHD constraints. If any solution doesn’t satisfy any of the constraints, putting the value of its fitness function equals infinity. So, it will not be selected as a minimum solution.
5. Applications
6. Simulation Results and Discussion
6.1. Test Distribution Systems
6.2. Simulation Results of Case 1
6.3. Simulation Results of Case 2
7. Conclusions
- The effectiveness of the proposed filter planning method in achieving multi-dimensional objectives with the aid of WCA.
- The WCA is efficient with good convergence characteristics in simultaneously determining the optimal design, placement, and the number of the STF.
- The proposed method not only reduces the THD and improves the voltage profile but also reduces the power loss and filter costs.
- Inverter-based DGs have shown a considerable effect on the harmonic distortion in distribution systems which increases the THD by about 14%.
- By using the proposed method, THD in a 69-bus system has reduced by 75% without considering the harmonic distortion of the DGs, and reduced by 56.5% without considering the harmonic distortion of the DGs.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Harmonic Order | 1 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 17 | 19 | 23 | 25 |
Value (%) | 100 | 42 | 14.3 | 7.9 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.4 |
Harmonic Order | Magnitude % | Phase (deg.) | Harmonic Order | Magnitude % | Phase (deg.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 100 | −2.34 | 9 | 8 | 140.36 |
3 | 20 | −15.29 | 11 | 5 | 65.54 |
5 | 15 | −20.74 | 13 | 3 | 42.62 |
7 | 10 | −30.85 | 15 | 2 | 153.28 |
Filter No. | Placement | ft | Qc (MVar) | R (Ω) | L (mH) | C (µF) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 39 | 7 | 2.3303 | 0.0655 | 0.0015 | 138.84 |
Parameter | Without Filter | With Filter | |
---|---|---|---|
Vmax (p.u) | 1 | 1.0139 | |
Vmin (p.u) | 0.9329 | 0.9824 | |
Ploss (kW) | 51.561 | 29.83 | |
THDmax (%) | 7.87 | 2 | |
Fitness Functions | |||
F1 | F2 | F3 | Ftotal |
1.9679 | 0.4545 | 2.8657 × 104 | 0.2284 |
Filter No. | Placement | ft | Qc (MVar) | R (Ω) | L (mH) | C (µF) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 69 | 3 | 0.1 | 3.5617 | 0.1890 | 6 |
2 | 43 | 3 | 1.82 | 0.1952 | 0.0104 | 108.7 |
Parameter | Without Filter | With Filter | |
---|---|---|---|
Vmax (p.u) | 1 | 1.0062 | |
Vmin (p.u) | 0.9329 | 0.9837 | |
Ploss (kW) | 53.622 | 32.29 | |
THDmax (%) | 9 | 3.87 | |
Fitness Functions | |||
F1 | F2 | F3 | Ftotal |
3.8657 | 0.4131 | 3.0866 × 104 | 0.3076 |
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Abbas, A.S.; El-Sehiemy, R.A.; Abou El-Ela, A.; Ali, E.S.; Mahmoud, K.; Lehtonen, M.; Darwish, M.M.F. Optimal Harmonic Mitigation in Distribution Systems with Inverter Based Distributed Generation. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020774
Abbas AS, El-Sehiemy RA, Abou El-Ela A, Ali ES, Mahmoud K, Lehtonen M, Darwish MMF. Optimal Harmonic Mitigation in Distribution Systems with Inverter Based Distributed Generation. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(2):774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020774
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbbas, Ahmed S., Ragab A. El-Sehiemy, Adel Abou El-Ela, Eman Salah Ali, Karar Mahmoud, Matti Lehtonen, and Mohamed M. F. Darwish. 2021. "Optimal Harmonic Mitigation in Distribution Systems with Inverter Based Distributed Generation" Applied Sciences 11, no. 2: 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020774
APA StyleAbbas, A. S., El-Sehiemy, R. A., Abou El-Ela, A., Ali, E. S., Mahmoud, K., Lehtonen, M., & Darwish, M. M. F. (2021). Optimal Harmonic Mitigation in Distribution Systems with Inverter Based Distributed Generation. Applied Sciences, 11(2), 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020774