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Power Quality in Electrical Power Systems
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Power Quality in Electrical Power Systems

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 20121

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alfredo Testa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Campania, L.Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
Interests: researches on electrical power systems, mainly concerning Reliability and Power Quality
Prof. Dr. Roberto Langella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Campania, L.Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
Interests: Roberto Langella was born in Naples, Italy, on March 20, 1972. He received a degree with honors in electrical engineering at the University of Naples, Naples, Italy, in 1996, and a PhD degree in electrical energy conversion at the University of Campania L. Vanvitelli in 2000. Currently, he is a full professor of electrical power systems at the University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Aversa, Italy. He is a senior member of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, chair of the IEEE PES Italy Chapter, and chair of the IEEE PES Task Force on Harmonic Modeling, Simulation, and Assessment. His current research interests include harmonic and interharmonic analyses of electrical power systems.

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The evolution of the electric power system (EPS) towards smart grids is made possible and accompanied by new achievements using the latest information and communication technologies, together with the diffusion of distributed generation, renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and Volt/VAR control systems.

Monitoring, maintaining, and improving power quality levels in this evolving scenario is of primary importance to guarantee the necessary compatibility among consumers, producers, and the whole EPS, and this constitutes a fundamental aspect of the overall system performance.

New challenges derive from emissions by new types of devices connected to the distribution network in production or consumption, especially devices with an active power–electronics interface; new smart distribution applications such as Volt/VAR control, feeder reconfiguration, and demand-side management; and increased sensitivity of end-users’ or producers’ modern installation.

We invite submissions exploring cutting-edge research and recent advances in the field of “Power Quality in Electrical Power Systems”, including both theoretical and experimental studies.

Prof. Dr. Alfredo Testa
Prof. Dr. Roberto Langella
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • changes in emission of disturbances
  • changes in immunity against disturbances
  • changes in penetration of disturbances
  • new mitigation methods
  • new measurement techniques
  • emissions by new types of devices
  • effects of advanced distribution automation
  • new PQ management challenges
  • new PQ indices
  • limiting emissions with market methods
  • effects of Volt and VAR control
  • effects of feeder reconfiguration and demand-side management
  • active power–electronics interface
  • impact and sensitivity of inverters, electric vehicles (EV), and lamp technologies

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2665 KiB  
Article
Effect of Harmonics on Ferroresonance in Low Voltage Power Factor Correction System—A Case Study
by Martina Kutija and Luka Pravica
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(10), 4322; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104322 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3428
Abstract
This paper presents a case study of three-phase ferroresonance in a low-voltage power factor correction system and investigates the influence of harmonic distortion on the occurrence of ferroresonance. Ferroresonance is an extremely dangerous and rare phenomenon that causes overvoltages and overcurrents in the [...] Read more.
This paper presents a case study of three-phase ferroresonance in a low-voltage power factor correction system and investigates the influence of harmonic distortion on the occurrence of ferroresonance. Ferroresonance is an extremely dangerous and rare phenomenon that causes overvoltages and overcurrents in the system and degrades the power quality. The study is carried out on real field measurements in an industrial plant where ferroresonance occurs in the power factor correction (PFC) system at the detuned reactor. The three-phase ferroresonance analysed in this paper is an extremely rare phenomenon that has never been reported in this type of configuration. The measurement results have shown that in this type of configuration the high harmonic distortion is a necessary condition for ferroresonance to occur. In such conditions, switching on the capacitor stage triggers the ferroresonance with quasi-periodic oscillations supported by the medium voltage grid. The main contribution is the analysis of the three-phase ferroresonance in the detuned PFC system and the influence of the harmonics on the occurrence of the ferroresonance in such a case. The possible solutions to this problem and recommendations to avoid this phenomenon are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality in Electrical Power Systems)
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16 pages, 3391 KiB  
Article
Automatic Identification of Different Types of Consumer Configurations by Using Harmonic Current Measurements
by Max Domagk, Irene Yu-Hua Gu, Jan Meyer and Peter Schegner
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3598; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083598 - 16 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1668
Abstract
Power quality (PQ) is an increasing concern in the distribution networks of modern industrialized countries. The PQ monitoring activities of distribution system operators (DSO), and consequently the amount of PQ measurement data, continuously increase, and consequently new and automated tools are required for [...] Read more.
Power quality (PQ) is an increasing concern in the distribution networks of modern industrialized countries. The PQ monitoring activities of distribution system operators (DSO), and consequently the amount of PQ measurement data, continuously increase, and consequently new and automated tools are required for efficient PQ analysis. Time characteristics of PQ parameters (e.g., harmonics) usually show characteristic daily and weekly cycles, mainly caused by the usage behaviour of electric devices. In this paper, methods are proposed for the classification of harmonic emission profiles for typical consumer configurations in public low voltage (LV) networks using a binary decision tree in combination with support vector machines. The performance of the classification was evaluated based on 40 different measurement sites in German public LV grids. This method can support network operators in the identification of consumer configurations and the early detection of fundamental changes in harmonic emission behaviour. This enables, for example, assistance in resolving customer complaints or supporting network planning by managing PQ levels using typical harmonic emission profiles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality in Electrical Power Systems)
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16 pages, 4368 KiB  
Article
Optimal Harmonic Mitigation in Distribution Systems with Inverter Based Distributed Generation
by Ahmed S. Abbas, Ragab A. El-Sehiemy, Adel Abou El-Ela, Eman Salah Ali, Karar Mahmoud, Matti Lehtonen and Mohamed M. F. Darwish
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020774 - 15 Jan 2021
Cited by 71 | Viewed by 4274
Abstract
In recent years, with the widespread use of non-linear loads power electronic devices associated with the penetration of various renewable energy sources, the distribution system is highly affected by harmonic distortion caused by these sources. Moreover, the inverter-based distributed generation units (DGs) (e.g., [...] Read more.
In recent years, with the widespread use of non-linear loads power electronic devices associated with the penetration of various renewable energy sources, the distribution system is highly affected by harmonic distortion caused by these sources. Moreover, the inverter-based distributed generation units (DGs) (e.g., photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine) that are integrated into the distribution systems, are considered as significant harmonic sources of severe harmful effects on the system power quality. To solve these issues, this paper proposes a harmonic mitigation method for improving the power quality problems in distribution systems. Specifically, the proposed optimal planning of the single tuned harmonic filters (STFs) in the presence of inverter-based DGs is developed by the recent Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA). The objectives of this planning problem aim to minimize the total harmonic distortion (THD), power loss, filter investment cost, and improvement of voltage profile considering different constraints to meet the IEEE 519 standard. Further, the impact of the inverter-based DGs on the system harmonics is studied. Two cases are considered to find the effect of the DGs harmonic spectrum on the system distortion and filter planning. The proposed method is tested on the IEEE 69-bus distribution system. The effectiveness of the proposed planning model is demonstrated where significant reductions in the harmonic distortion are accomplished. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality in Electrical Power Systems)
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18 pages, 11984 KiB  
Article
A Hybrid Approach for Time-Varying Harmonic and Interharmonic Detection Using Synchrosqueezing Wavelet Transform
by Gary W. Chang, Yu-Luh Lin, Yu-Jen Liu, Gary H. Sun and Johnson T. Yu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 752; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020752 - 14 Jan 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1977
Abstract
With widespread non-linear loads and the increasing penetration of distributed generations in the power system, harmonic pollution has become a great concern. The causes of harmonic pollution not only include the integer harmonics, but also interharmonics, which exacerbate the complexity of harmonic analysis. [...] Read more.
With widespread non-linear loads and the increasing penetration of distributed generations in the power system, harmonic pollution has become a great concern. The causes of harmonic pollution not only include the integer harmonics, but also interharmonics, which exacerbate the complexity of harmonic analysis. In addition, the output variability of highly non-linear loads and renewables such as electric arc furnaces and photovoltaic solar or wind generation may lead to weakly time-varying harmonics and interharmonics in both frequency and magnitude. These features present challenges for accurate assessment of associated power-quality (PQ) disturbances. To tackle such increasing time-varying PQ problems, a hybrid detection method using synchrosqueezing wavelet transform (SSWT) is proposed. The proposed method first obtains the proper parameter values for the mother wavelet according to numerical computations. The wavelet transform-based synchrosqueezing and a clustering method are applied to determine each frequency component of the waveform under assessment. The time-domain waveform and the associated magnitude of each frequency component is then reconstructed by the inverse SSWT operation. The novelty of the proposed method is that it can decompose the measured waveform containing both harmonics and interharmonics into intrinsic mode functions without the need for fundamental frequency detection. Compared to other time–frequency analysis methods, SSWT has better anti-noise and higher resolution of time–frequency curves; even the measured signal has close frequency components. Simulation results and actual measurement validations show that the proposed method is effective and relatively accurate in time-varying harmonic and interharmonic detection and is suitable for applications in power networks and microgrids that have high penetration of renewables or non-linear loads causing time-varying voltage or current waveforms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality in Electrical Power Systems)
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18 pages, 1791 KiB  
Article
Convex Model for Estimation of Single-Phase Photovoltaic Impact on Existing Voltage Unbalance in Distribution Networks
by Verner Püvi and Matti Lehtonen
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8884; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248884 - 12 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1673
Abstract
Due to the increasing adoption of solar power generation, voltage unbalance estimation gets more attention in sparsely populated rural networks. This paper presents a Monte Carlo simulation augmented with convex mixed-integer quadratic programming to estimate voltage unbalance and maximum photovoltaic penetration. Additionally, voltage [...] Read more.
Due to the increasing adoption of solar power generation, voltage unbalance estimation gets more attention in sparsely populated rural networks. This paper presents a Monte Carlo simulation augmented with convex mixed-integer quadratic programming to estimate voltage unbalance and maximum photovoltaic penetration. Additionally, voltage unbalance attenuation by proper phase allocation of photovoltaic plants is analysed. Single-phase plants are simulated in low-voltage distribution networks and voltage unbalance is evaluated as a contribution of measured background and photovoltaic-caused unbalance. Voltage unbalance is calculated in accordance with EN 50160 and takes into account 10-minute average values with 5% tolerance condition. Results of the optimization revealed substantial unbalance attenuation with optimal phase selection and increased potential of local generation hosting capacity in case of higher background unbalance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality in Electrical Power Systems)
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14 pages, 4236 KiB  
Article
Computation of Stray Losses in Transformer Bushing Regions Considering Harmonics in the Load Current
by Sohail Khan, Serguei Maximov, Rafael Escarela-Perez, Juan Carlos Olivares-Galvan, Enrique Melgoza-Vazquez and Irvin Lopez-Garcia
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(10), 3527; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103527 - 20 May 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3131
Abstract
The presence of harmonics in the load current considerably increases stray losses in electric transformers. In this research paper, a new model for computing the electromagnetic field (EMF) and eddy current (EC) losses in transformer tank covers is derived considering harmonics. Maxwell’s equations [...] Read more.
The presence of harmonics in the load current considerably increases stray losses in electric transformers. In this research paper, a new model for computing the electromagnetic field (EMF) and eddy current (EC) losses in transformer tank covers is derived considering harmonics. Maxwell’s equations are solved with their corresponding boundary conditions. The differential equation thus obtained is solved using the method of separation of variables. The obtained expressions do not require the use of special functions, accommodating them for practical implementation in the industry. The obtained formulas are evaluated for different spectrum contents of the load current and losses. The results are in good agreement with simulations carried out using the Altair Flux finite element (FE) software. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality in Electrical Power Systems)
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Review

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18 pages, 3863 KiB  
Review
Dynamic Impedance Estimation: Challenges and Considerations
by Mateus M. de Oliveira, Renato R. Aleixo, Denise F. Resende, Leandro R. M. Silva, Rafael S. Salles, Carlos A. Duque and Paulo F. Ribeiro
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 558; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020558 - 8 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2134
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to examine the dynamic impedance estimation of electrical systems from online measurements. The paper makes several considerations and highlights the challenges to obtain a precise estimation. Transducer equalization and harmonic synchrophasor estimation (HSpE) are reviewed and discussed. [...] Read more.
The objective of this paper was to examine the dynamic impedance estimation of electrical systems from online measurements. The paper makes several considerations and highlights the challenges to obtain a precise estimation. Transducer equalization and harmonic synchrophasor estimation (HSpE) are reviewed and discussed. The use of online and adaptive equalization for transducers proves to be a viable solution for improving voltage transducer’s (VT’s) and current transducer’s (CT’s) frequency response. Additionally, the use of oversampling algorithms can mitigate the effects of noise in the HSpE. Furthermore, methods for harmonic impedance estimation are discussed. The independent component analysis ICA-based dynamic impedance estimation is proposed and results presented, which yields excellent agreement. Finally, harmonic modeling and simulation of injected harmonic currents are used to observe resonances through the amplification and attenuations and, consequently, the opportunity to confirm the system self and transfer impedances of a test system. Dynamic impedance estimation will continue to be a great challenge for the power systems engineer as the system complexity increases with the massive insertion of power electronic inverters and the associated required filtering. Real-time signal processing will be an effective tool to determine the dynamic self or transfer impedance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality in Electrical Power Systems)
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