Effect of Different Finishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Gloss of a 3D-Printed Material for Permanent Dental Use
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Surface Roughness Measurement
2.2. Surface Gloss Measurement
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.3.1. Roughness
2.3.2. Gloss
2.4. SEM Observation
3. Results
3.1. Surface Roughness
3.2. Surface Gloss
3.3. SEM Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The combination of the tested 3DP resin for permanent use and the eight finishing and polishing systems were able to achieve clinically acceptable results for roughness, while less acceptable results were obtained for gloss. The only exception was the nitrogen-glazed option, which achieved excellent results for both roughness and gloss.
- Multi-step finishing/polishing systems showed a higher polishing ability on 3DP resin for permanent use than the 1-step and 2-step systems.
- The use of the additional polishing paste in the laboratory 2-step manual system did not improve the result for roughness, but it did for gloss.
- The nitrogen-glazed system showed better results in terms of roughness and gloss than all the other systems tested.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | Type | Organic Matrix | Inorganic Filler | Manufacturer | Shade | Lot |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Permanent Crown Resin | Methacrylic acid ester-based resin | ≥50–<75% wt. Bis-EMA | Silanized dental glass (30–50% wt.) | Formlabs Inc., Somerville, MA, USA | A2 | 600163 |
Material | Abbreviation | Type | Description | Application | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Opti1Step Polisher Flame | OS | 1 step | Silicone rubber (polyvinylsiloxane), silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, diamond. | 20 s using a low-speed handpiece in circular movements and with continuous water cooling (50 mL/min) | Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA, USA |
HiLusterPLUS Polisher Flame | HL | 2 steps | Points with integrated aluminum oxide particles (1st step) and diamond particles integrated (2nd step). | 20 s each using a low-speed handpiece in circular movements and with continuous water cooling (50 mL/min) | Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA, USA |
Sof-Lex™ Spiral Wheels | SW | 2 steps | Spiral finishing and polishing wheels—thermoplastic elastomer impregnated with aluminum oxide particles (pink and white). | 20 s each using a low-speed handpiece in circular movements and with continuous water cooling (50 mL/min) | 3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA |
Sof-Lex™ XT Pop-on Disc | SD | 4-step | Finishing and polishing discs made from urethane-coated paper covered with aluminum oxide. | 20 s each using a low-speed handpiece in circular movements and with continuous water cooling (50 mL/min) | 3M/ ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA |
Lucent point (PVE, PGR, PVI) | Ln | 3-step lab | Abrasive powder with a silicon binding. | 20 s each using a low-speed handpiece in discontinuous movements without water cooling | Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA, USA |
Lucent point (PVE, PGR, PVI) Unipolish | Lp | 3-step lab plus paste | Abrasive powder with a silicon binding Paste: pumice in a variable dimension. | 20 s each using a low-speed handpiece in discontinuous movements without water cooling followed by paste application in two steps: hard and soft bristle brushes | Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA, USA |
Optiglaze | OG | Liquid | Nanofilled Light-cured protective coating. | Applied with a microbrush in 1 layer and cured for 3 min in a Lab curing unit (Labolight LV-III) | GC Co., Tokyo, Japan |
Nitrogen Cured resin | NG | Liquid | Methacrylic acid ester-based resin. | Applied with a brush in a thin coat. Curedin the Graphy Cure THC 2 for 15 min. at level 2, with nitrogen. | Graphy Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea |
Treatment | Roughness (µm) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Crown Permanent | |||
Mean | SD | Sign. | |
NG | 0.25 | 0.05 | a |
SD | 0.44 | 0.16 | b |
OG | 0.46 | 0.03 | b |
Lp | 0.52 | 0.16 | b |
Ln | 0.59 | 0.13 | bc |
OS | 0.73 | 0.12 | cd |
SW | 0.77 | 0.12 | de |
HL | 0.83 | 0.20 | e |
Treatment | Gloss (GU) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Crown Permanent | |||
Mean | SD | Sign. | |
NG | 90.7 | 1.3 | a |
SD | 51.7 | 9.7 | b |
Lp | 38.1 | 10.0 | c |
OS | 35.3 | 7.7 | c |
OG | 30.5 | 0.8 | cd |
Ln | 27.7 | 0.9 | d |
HL | 18.5 | 6.0 | e |
SW | 12.9 | 2.6 | e |
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Vichi, A.; Balestra, D.; Louca, C. Effect of Different Finishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Gloss of a 3D-Printed Material for Permanent Dental Use. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7289. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167289
Vichi A, Balestra D, Louca C. Effect of Different Finishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Gloss of a 3D-Printed Material for Permanent Dental Use. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):7289. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167289
Chicago/Turabian StyleVichi, Alessandro, Dario Balestra, and Chris Louca. 2024. "Effect of Different Finishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Gloss of a 3D-Printed Material for Permanent Dental Use" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 7289. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167289