A Comprehensive Survey on the Societal Aspects of Smart Cities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Smart Cities Dimensions
2.1. Smart Economy
2.2. Smart Mobility
2.3. Smart Environment
2.4. Smart People
2.5. Smart Living
2.6. Smart Governance
3. Smart Cities’ Technologies
3.1. Smart Cities Architectural Design
3.2. Standards/Open Standards
3.3. The Power of “Open Data”
3.4. Internet of Things
3.5. Big Data
3.6. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
3.7. Security
4. Ranking Smart Cities
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimensions | Domains |
---|---|
Smart Economy | Innovative spirit |
Entrepreneurship | |
City image | |
Productivity | |
Labour market | |
International integration | |
Smart Mobility | Local transport system |
(Inter-)national accessibility | |
ICT infrastructure | |
Sustainability of the transport system | |
Smart Environment | Air quality (no pollution) |
Ecological awareness | |
Sustainable resource management | |
Smart People | Education |
Lifelong learning | |
Ethnic plurality | |
Open-mindedness | |
Smart Living | Cultural and leisure facilities |
Health conditions | |
Individual security | |
Housing quality | |
Education facilities | |
Touristic attractiveness | |
Social cohesion | |
Smart Governance | Political awareness |
Public and social services | |
Efficient and transparent administration |
Title of Standard | Subject |
---|---|
ISO 37106 [195]—Sustainable cities and communities—Guidance on establishing smart city operating models for sustainable communities: This standard provides guidance on establishing smart city operating models to promote sustainability in communities. | Organizational |
ISO 37101 [196]—Sustainable development in communities—Management system for sustainable development—Requirements with guidance for use: This standard specifies requirements for a management system for sustainable development in communities, providing guidance on implementing sustainable practices. | |
ITU-T Y.4000 [197] series—Smart sustainable cities: This series of standards provides an overview of smart sustainable cities, covering concepts, principles, and frameworks for the planning, development, and implementation of smart city initiatives. | |
ITU-T Y.4051 [198]—Vocabulary for smart cities and communities: This standard defines key terms and concepts related to smart sustainable cities, providing a common vocabulary for stakeholders involved in smart city projects. | |
IEEE P2413™ [199]—Standard for an Architectural Framework for the Internet of Things (IoT): This standard provides a framework for IoT systems, including those deployed in smart city environments, to promote interoperability, scalability, and security. | Architectures and Interoperability |
ISO 37170 [200]—Smart community infrastructures—Data framework for infrastructure governance based on digital technology in smart cities: This standard provides general concepts and principles for smart community infrastructures, offering guidance on the integration of various technologies and systems in smart city environments. | |
ISO 21823-1 [201]—Internet of things (IoT)—Interoperability for internet of things systems—Framework: These standards address interoperability challenges in IoT environments, which are relevant to the integration of diverse IoT devices and systems deployed in smart cities. | |
ISO 30182 [202]—Smart City Concept Model—Guidance for Establishing a Model for Data Interoperability: This standard provides a framework for defining, organizing, and interconnecting data in smart cities. | Data Collection |
ISO 20546 [203]—Information technology—Big data—Overview and vocabulary: This standard addresses the use of big data including definitions, characteristics, and relationships to other emerging technologies. | Big Data |
ISO 22989 [204]—Information Technology—Artificial Intelligence—Concepts and Terminology: This standard explores the applications artificial intelligence (AI) enabling its integration in urban environments. | Artificial Intelligence |
ISO 22739 [205]—Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies—Vocabulary: This standard defines the concepts the potential applications of blockchain technology, including secure and transparent transactions, identity management, and data integrity assurance. | Security |
ISO 37120 [206]—Sustainable development of communities—Indicators for city services and quality of life: This standard specifies a set of indicators for city services and quality of life, providing a common framework for measuring the performance of cities. | Metrics |
ISO 37150 [207]—Smart community infrastructures—Review of existing activities relevant to metrics: This technical report reviews existing activities relevant to metrics for smart community infrastructures, providing insights into measurement frameworks. | |
ISO 30145-1 [208]—Information technology—Smart City reference framework: This standard provides guidance on ICT indicators for smart cities, covering aspects such as performance, quality, and effectiveness of ICT services in urban environments. | |
ITU-T Y.4901 [209]—Key performance indicators for smart sustainable cities: This standard specifies key performance indicators (KPIs) for assessing the performance and progress of smart sustainable cities, facilitating monitoring and evaluation of smart city initiatives. | |
ISO 37162 [210]—Smart community infrastructures—Smart transportation for newly developing areas: This standard defines data concepts for smart transportation systems, facilitating interoperability and data exchange between different transportation systems. | Smart Transport |
IEC 61851-1 [211]—Electric vehicle conductive charging system: These standards address interoperability and communication between electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, which are important considerations for smart transportation initiatives in smart cities. |
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Bastos, D.; Costa, N.; Rocha, N.P.; Fernández-Caballero, A.; Pereira, A. A Comprehensive Survey on the Societal Aspects of Smart Cities. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7823. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177823
Bastos D, Costa N, Rocha NP, Fernández-Caballero A, Pereira A. A Comprehensive Survey on the Societal Aspects of Smart Cities. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):7823. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177823
Chicago/Turabian StyleBastos, David, Nuno Costa, Nelson Pacheco Rocha, Antonio Fernández-Caballero, and António Pereira. 2024. "A Comprehensive Survey on the Societal Aspects of Smart Cities" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 7823. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177823