Empowering Eco-Friendly Choices: An Environmental Impact Assessment Decision Support System for Textiles and Clothing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Characterization of the Textile and Apparel Sector
2.2. Impacts of Waste Generated by the Textile Industry
2.3. Solutions for Minimizing Environmental Impacts
2.4. Ecolabels
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Mult-Criteria Decision Making
3.2. Decision Support System
3.2.1. Development of the Decision Support System
- Insert the desired icon;
- In “Programmer”, select “Save Macro”;
- Name the Macro;
- Recreate the steps that you want the button to perform (for example, on the “Start” button, click on the “Evaluate process impact” sheet);
- Select “Finish Recording”;
- Select the icon;
- Press “Assign Macro”, and select the Macro you want.
3.2.2. Calculating the Environmental Impact Value
- COD: Chemical oxygen demand;
- P: Pesticides;
- TKN: Total Kjeldahl nitrogen;
- HM: Heavy metals;
- AOX: Adsorbable halogenated organic compounds.
4. Results
4.1. Case Study 1: Use of Legal Maximums
4.2. Case Study 2: 90% Reduction
4.3. Case Study 3: 25% Increase
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Kraus, S.; Rehman, S.U.; García, F.J.S. Corporate social responsibility and environmental performance: The mediating role of environmental strategy and green innovation. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 2020, 160, 120262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Devkumar, S.C. A decision support system for environmentally-sustainable strategies for the Mauritian Textile and apparel industry using system dynamics: The materials and land perspectives. Heliyon 2023, 9, 12939–12958. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yasin, S.; Sun, D. Propelling textile waste to ascend the ladder of sustainability: EOL study on probing environmental parity in technical textiles. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 233, 1451–1464. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Têxteis. Available online: https://apambiente.pt/residuos/texteis (accessed on 16 May 2023).
- Textiles. Available online: https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/textiles (accessed on 12 March 2023).
- Direção-Geral das Atividades Económicas. Indústria Têxtil e Vestuário, Sinopse. 2018. Available online: https://www.dgae.gov.pt/gestao-de-ficheiros-externos-dgae-ano-2019/sinopse-textil-vestuario-17-04-2019-pdf.aspx (accessed on 16 March 2023).
- Empresas no Setor da Indústria Transformadora em Portugal|Pordata. Available online: https://www.pordata.pt/portugal/empresas+no+setor+da+industria+transformadora+total+e+por+tipo-2955-247982 (accessed on 15 March 2023).
- Caraterização—ATP. Available online: https://atp.pt/pt-pt/estatisticas/caraterizacao/ (accessed on 16 March 2023).
- Yang, X.; Fan, W.; Wang, H.; Shi, Y.; Wang, S.; Liew, R.K.; Ge, S. Recycling of bast textile wastes into high value-added products: A review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2022, 20, 3747–3763. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Türemen, M.; Demir, A.; Özdoğan, E. Recycling and Importance for Textile Industry. Pamukkale Univ. J. Eng. Sci. 2019, 25, 805–809. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Damayanti, D.; Wulandari, L.A.; Bagaskoro, A.; Rianjanu, A.; Wu, H.-S. Possibility Routes for Textile Recycling Technology. Polymers 2021, 13, 3834. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Prospering in the Circular Economy. Available online: https://euratex.eu/wp-content/uploads/EURATEX-Prospering-in-the-Circular-Economy-2020.pdf (accessed on 16 March 2023).
- Lu, L.; Fan, W.; Meng, X.; Xue, L.; Ge, S.; Wang, C.; Foong, S.Y.; Tan, C.S.Y.; Sonne, C.; Aghbashlo, M.; et al. Current recycling strategies and high-value utilization of waste cotton. Sci. Total Environ. 2023, 856, 158798. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Labelling. Available online: https://global-standard.org/certification-and-labelling/labelling (accessed on 27 November 2023).
- Textile Certifications Guide. Available online: https://atp.pt/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Guia-de-Certificacoes-Texteis.pdf (accessed on 27 November 2023).
- OEKO-TEX Standard 100. Available online: https://www.oeko-tex.com/en/our-standards/oeko-tex-standard-100 (accessed on 27 November 2023).
- EcoLabel. Available online: https://www.citeve.pt/produtos_e_servicos/certificacao_de_produtos_e_processos/ecolabel___rotulo_ecologico_europeuart-e91e5cb7 (accessed on 27 November 2023).
- Borges, C.; Furtad, G.; Oliveira, J. Metodologias de investigação comuns nas ciências sociais: Possíveis contributos para o conhecimento de sujeitos em planeamento arquitetónico e urbanístico. Obra Nasce 2015, 9, 9–26. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, C.; Yang, F.; Vo, T.M.N.; Nguyen, V.T.T.; Singh, M. Enhancing Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness: A Groundbreaking Bi-Algorithm MCDM Approach. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 9105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kang, D.; Jaisankar, R.; Murugesan, V.; Suvitha, K.; Narayanamoorthy, S.; Omar, A.H.; Arshad, N.I.; Ahmadian, A. A novel MCDM approach to selecting a biodegradable dynamic plastic product: A probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set-based COPRAS method. J. Environ. Manag. 2023, 340, 117967. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pörhö, H.; Tomperi, J.; Sorsa, A.; Juuso, E.; Ruuska, J.; Ruusunen, M. Data-Based Modelling of Chemical Oxygen Demand for Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 7848. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hicks, T.D.; Kuns, C.M.; Raman, C.; Bates, Z.T.; Nagarajan, S. Simplified Method for the Determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Wastewater. Environments 2022, 9, 55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tobler-Rohr, M.I. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and ecological key figures (EKF). In Handbook of Sustainable Textile Production; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2011; pp. 263–385. [Google Scholar]
- Duarte, P.H.G. Método Quantitativo para a Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais Aplicado à Indústria Têxtil. Post-Graduation Dissertation, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil, 2006. [Google Scholar]
Parameter | Maximum Value/Average Value |
---|---|
Gaseous Emissions (mg·nm−3) | 1406.2 |
Effluents (mg·dm−3) | 1443.01 |
Chemical Oxygen Demand | 255 |
Pesticides | 0.0025 |
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) | 17 |
Heavy Metals | 5 |
Adsorbable Halogenated Organic Compounds | 0.58 |
Resource Efficiency | 1.158 |
Electrical Energy Consumption (kWh·kg−1) | 1.991 |
Water Consumption (m3·kg−1) | 0.325 |
Level | Limit (%) |
---|---|
1 | 0–25 |
2 | 25–50 |
3 | 50–75 |
4 | 75–100 |
5 | >100 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Gomes, C.; Pires, I.; Monteiro, L.; Lima, T.M.; Gaspar, P.D. Empowering Eco-Friendly Choices: An Environmental Impact Assessment Decision Support System for Textiles and Clothing. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020659
Gomes C, Pires I, Monteiro L, Lima TM, Gaspar PD. Empowering Eco-Friendly Choices: An Environmental Impact Assessment Decision Support System for Textiles and Clothing. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(2):659. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020659
Chicago/Turabian StyleGomes, Carolina, Irina Pires, Letícia Monteiro, Tânia M. Lima, and Pedro D. Gaspar. 2024. "Empowering Eco-Friendly Choices: An Environmental Impact Assessment Decision Support System for Textiles and Clothing" Applied Sciences 14, no. 2: 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020659