Applied Sciences, Volume 7, Issue 8

In thermal power plants equipped with air-cooled condensers (ACCs), axial cooling fans operate under the influence of ambient flow fields. Under inlet cross-flow conditions, the resultant asymmetric flow field is known to introduce additional harmoni...

In this perspective article, some of the latest paper and fiber-based bio-analytical platforms are summarized, along with their fabrication strategies, the processing behind the product development, and the embedded systems in which paper or fiber ma...

Excessive vibration of nuclear reactor components, such as the heat exchanger or the fuel assembly should be avoided as these can compromise the lifetime of these components and potentially lead to safety hazards. This issue is particularly relevant...

An alcohol bearing alkyne was thermally grafted to both p-type and n-type silicon (111) and (100) substrate of comparable doping levels and surface flatness. The surface topography as well as the surface chemistry was examined via atomic force micros...

The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel design for the transverse flux permanent magnet (TFPM) disk-rotor generator with E and I-shaped cores (TFPMDEIG). Disk-shape structure increases the machine’s power factor, allows for high rotational sp...

A modified mathematical model describing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis with cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) and infected cells in eclipse phase is presented and studied in this paper. The model under consideration also includes a...

This paper is a perspective article which summarizes the development and application of sub-cycle mid-infrared (MIR) pulses generated through a laser filament. The generation scheme was published in Applied Sciences in 2013. The spectrum of the MIR p...

Pervaporation membranes have gained renewed interest in challenging feedwaters desalination, such as reverse osmosis (RO) concentrated brine wastewater. In this study, composite polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pervaporation mem...

Assessing time-dependent changes in brain activity is of crucial importance in neuroscience. Here, we propose a novel image processing method to automatically identify active regions and assess time-dependent changes in fluorescence arising from gene...

Oxidative biocatalysis by laccase arises as a promising alternative in the development of advanced oxidation processes for the removal of xenobiotics. The aim of this work is to develop various types of nanobiocatalysts based on laccase immobilized o...

One antibacterial material was prepared from exfoliated graphite (EG) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The EG was prepared by the graphite intercalated compound process, AgNPs were prepared by chemical reduction of AgNO₃ in the presence o...

The interactions between 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BMIM][TFS]) and nano-Al₂O₃ are studied using high-pressure infrared spectroscopy. The thickness of the [BMIM][TFS] interfacial layer on the aluminum oxide are adjusted b...

The development of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has launched a new era in X-ray science by providing ultrafast coherent X-ray pulses with a peak brightness that is approximately one billion times higher than previous X-ray sources. The Linac Co...

The effect of irradiation temperature and alloying elements on defect clustering behaviour directly from the cascade collapse in Zircaloy-2 is examined. The in-situ ioWn irradiation technique was employed to study the formation of <a>-type disl...

The existing trademark image retrieval (TIR) approaches mostly use complex image features, the integration of multi features, a tree structure, etc. to enable highly accurate retrieval. However, there is the heavy computational burden for complex ima...

Human lower limbs are exposed to vibrations on a daily basis, during work, transport or sports. However, most of the FE (Finite Elements) and OMA (Operational Modal Analysis) studies focus either on the whole body or on the hand-arm system. The study...

Malaria, as one of the most serious infectious diseases causing public health problems in the world, affects about two-thirds of the world population, with estimated resultant deaths close to a million annually. The effects of this disease are much m...

High-efficiency motors are being gradually introduced in many industrial applications because of their positive impacts on the environment by reducing energy consumption and CO₂ emission. In this respect, line start permanent magnet synchronous motor...

Kidney exchange allows a potential living donor whose kidney is incompatible with his intended recipient to donate a kidney to another patient so that the donor’s intended recipient can receive a compatible kidney from another donor. These exchanges...

The influence of programming strain and temperature on the shape memory effect and surface morphology in programmed polycarbonate (PC) samples via uni-axial stretching is investigated. It is found that the samples programmed at around the glass trans...

Twitter is a popular source for the monitoring of healthcare information and public disease. However, there exists much noise in the tweets. Even though appropriate keywords appear in the tweets, they do not guarantee the identification of a truly he...

Plane wave imaging in Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) captures shear wave propagation in real-time at ultrafast frame rates. To assess the capability of this technique in accurately visualizing the underlying shear wave mechanics, this work presents a...

Reliability and availability of technically complex and safety-critical systems are of increasing importance. Besides the degree of wear, the quality of mechanical systems is significant for the system reliability. The focus of this contribution is t...

Photovoltaic (PV) devices are spectrally selective, and their performance is influenced by unavoidable spectral variations. In addition, multijunction-based concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) devices show a strong spectral dependence due to the series...

Recently, amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) with inkjet printing silver source/drain electrodes have attracted great attention, especially for large area and flexible electronics applications. The silver ink coul...

There is an increasing interest in researchers and companies on the combination of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and a Pattern Recognition System (PRS) to detect and classify potentially dangerous events that occur in areas above fiber optic cab...

Bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenols (NPs), with a high potential to cause endocrine disruption, have been identified at levels of nanograms per liter and even micrograms per liter in effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Constructed wetlands (CW...

In the long-term use of buildings, renovations are sometimes required as usage behaviors have changed and residents’ demands for space are adjusted. However, the public in general are deficient in renovation knowledge and information regarding buildi...

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology can convert various types of waste biomass into a carbon-rich product referred to as hydrochar. In order to verify the potential of hydrochar produced from stabilized sewage sludge to be an adsorbent for ba...

Laser-induced damage on fused silica optics remains a major issue that limits the promotion of energy output of large laser systems. Subsurface impurity defects inevitably introduced in the practical polishing process incur strong thermal absorption...

In this study, the effects of curing temperature and curing time on the mechanical properties of polysulfide polymer concrete were investigated. For this purpose, several laboratory tests were conducted to measure the compressive, flexural, and bond...

We present a method for distance measuring planar displacements and rotations with image processing methods. The method is based on tracking the intersection of two non-parallel straight segments extracted from a scene. This kind of target can be eas...

In this paper, we present a new method of displaying Magnetic Resonance (MR) images taken from Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. We show that our method can potentially make the diagnostic process far more focused and concise. The method is implement...

Technological advancements have revolutionized the proliferation and availability of information to users, which has created more complex and intensive interactions between users and systems. The learning process of users is essential in the construc...

This paper reviews a few problems where continuous-medium theory specialized to two-dimensional media provides a qualitatively correct picture of the mechanical behavior of graphene. A critical analysis of the parameters involved is given. Among othe...

In this work, we present experimentally obtained limits for the values of the neutral copper gas electrical resistivity as a function of the temperature. When a current of about $\approx {10}^3$ A or larger flows through a metallic wire in a microsec...

This article proposes a complete power processing circuit for an indoor 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi energy harvesting system. The proposed power processing circuit works by using power harvested from indoor Wi-Fi transmitters. The overall system of this work is s...

Incorporation of TiO₂ into cementitious materials is an important technology in the field of photocatalytic pollution mitigation; however, the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ is limited by specific surface area, poor gas diffusion and light transmiss...

Indoor air may be polluted by various types of pollutants which may come from cleaning products, construction activities, perfumes, cigarette smoke, water-damaged building materials and outdoor pollutants. Although these gases are usually safe for hu...

Convolution is the most computationally intensive task of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). It requires a lot of memory storage and computational power. There are different approaches to compute the solution of convolution and reduce its comput...

Some maintenance tasks in Wi-Fi networks may involve removing an access point due to several reasons. As a result, the new infrastructure registers a different number of roamings in the access points according to the users’ behaviour, with a certain...

The effects of prestressing methods and prestress levels on the friction losses of prestressed tendons were evaluated in this study. Two full-scale prestressed concrete girders were fabricated and used for the friction loss experiment. The prestress...

Human-friendly interactive features are preferred for domestic service robots. Humans prefer to use verbal communication in order to convey instructions to peers. Those voice instructions often include uncertain terms such as “little” and “far”. Ther...

Many applications of thin films necessitate detailed information about their thicknesses and sound velocities. Here, we study SiO₂/LiNbO₃ layer systems by picosecond photoacoustic metrology and measure the sound velocities of the respective layers an...

As a key technology in smart healthcare monitoring systems, wireless body area networks (WBANs) can pre-embed sensors and sinks on body surface or inside bodies for collecting different vital signs parameters, such as human Electrocardiograph (ECG),...

In order to quantitatively evaluate the shear-bearing capacity of shear connectors of square concrete filled steel tube (CFST), push-out tests on 14 square CFSTs with shear connectors have been carried out. Among the 14 CFSTs, there are 13 specimens...

The optical resonance of metal nanoparticles can be used to enhance the generation and detection of their main vibrational mode. In this work, we show that this method allows the accurate characterisation of the particle’s size because the vibrationa...

The characteristics of Cu alloy (0.3 wt. % Cr, 0.2 wt. % Zr) thin film deposited by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering deposition were investigated. The conductivity and adhesion of the Cu-0.3%Cr-0.2%Zr films were optimized by increasing the sp...

Pneumatic booster regulators (PBR) are in great demand in modern pneumatic systems for their energy-saving abilities. A new booster regulator with energy recovery (VBA-R) was proposed, and its energy efficiency was investigated by introducing the con...

Low temperature plasma jets gained increased interest in the last years as a potential device in many life science applications, including here human or veterinary medicine. Standardisation of plasma sources and biological protocols are necessary for...