Effect of Preconception Selenium Intake on the Risk for Gestational Diabetes: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Determination of Preconception Se Intake
2.4. Diagnosis of GDM in Japan
2.5. Measurement of 8-OHdG Levels
2.6. Other Obstetric Outcomes and Confounding Factors
2.7. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Maternal Medical and Socioeconomic Background and Obstetric Outcomes
3.2. Association between Preconception Se Intake and Urine 8-OHdG Levels during Early Trimester
3.3. Preconception Se intake and Risk for GDM
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quintile for Se Intake | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (Low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 (High) | ||
Variable | n = 18,986 | n = 19,432 | n = 18,614 | n = 17,573 | n = 18,159 | p-Value |
Maternal medical background | ||||||
Preconception Se intake, μg/day median (interquartile range) | 27 (21–30) | 39 (36–42) | 50 (47–52) | 62 (59–66) | 89 (78–111) | <0.001 a |
Maternal age, mean years (SD) | 29.8 (5.3) | 31.1 (5.0) | 31.5 (4.9) | 31.8 (4.8) | 31.9 (5.0) | <0.001 b |
Maternal age category, % | ||||||
≤19 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | <0.001 c |
20–29 | 47.1 | 37.3 | 34.2 | 32 | 31.3 | |
30–39 | 48.2 | 57.5 | 60.3 | 62.5 | 62.4 | |
≥40 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 5.7 | |
BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2), % | ||||||
<18.5 | 17.1 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 16.0 | 15.4 | <0.001 c |
18.5–25.0 | 70.8 | 73.9 | 73.9 | 74.2 | 73.2 | |
>25.0 | 12.1 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 11.4 | |
Smoking during pregnancy, % | 6.4 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 5.2 | <0.001 c |
Primipara, % | 48.2 | 42.4 | 38.8 | 36.6 | 34.7 | <0.001 c |
Hypertension before pregnancy, % | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.023 c |
ART, % | 2.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.1 | <0.001 c |
Obstetric outcomes | ||||||
GDM, % | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 0.031 b |
Eo-GDM, % | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.043 b |
Lo-GDM, % | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 0.191 b |
PTB < 37 wks, % | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 0.076 b |
LBW < 2500 g, % | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 8.7 | 0.005 b |
Quintile for Se Intake | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (Low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 (High) | ||
Variable | n = 18,986 | n = 19,432 | n = 18,614 | n = 17,573 | n = 18,159 | p-Value |
Urine 8 OHdG levels, ng/mL, mean (SE) | 2.13 (0.01) | 2.04 (0.01) | 2.04 (0.01) | 2.03 (0.01) | 2.06 (0.01) | <0.001 a |
Quintile for Se Intake | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (Low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 (High) | |
n = 18,986 | n = 19,432 | n = 18,614 | n = 17,573 | n = 18,159 | |
GDM | |||||
OR (95% CI) | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 1 (Ref) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | 1.21 (1.07–1.38) |
aOR (95% CI) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 1 (Ref) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 1.15 (1.01–1.30) |
Eo-GDM | |||||
OR (95% CI) | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | 1.15 (0.91–1.45) | 1 (Ref) | 1.20 (0.95–1.53) | 1.34 (1.06–1.69) |
aOR (95% CI) | 1.02 (0.80–1.31) | 1.16 (0.92–1.47) | 1 (Ref) | 1.19 (0.93–1.51) | 1.24 (0.98–1.56) |
Lo-GDM | |||||
OR (95% CI) | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | 1 (Ref) | 1.06 (0.89–1.26) | 1.21 (1.02–1.42) |
aOR (95% CI) | 1.19 (1.01–1.41) | 1.14 (0.96–1.34) | 1 (Ref) | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) | 1.15 (0.98–1.36) |
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Kyozuka, H.; Murata, T.; Fukuda, T.; Yamaguchi, A.; Kanno, A.; Yasuda, S.; Sato, A.; Ogata, Y.; Hosoya, M.; Yasumura, S.; et al. Effect of Preconception Selenium Intake on the Risk for Gestational Diabetes: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040568
Kyozuka H, Murata T, Fukuda T, Yamaguchi A, Kanno A, Yasuda S, Sato A, Ogata Y, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, et al. Effect of Preconception Selenium Intake on the Risk for Gestational Diabetes: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(4):568. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040568
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyozuka, Hyo, Tsuyoshi Murata, Toma Fukuda, Akiko Yamaguchi, Aya Kanno, Shun Yasuda, Akiko Sato, Yuka Ogata, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Seiji Yasumura, and et al. 2021. "Effect of Preconception Selenium Intake on the Risk for Gestational Diabetes: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study" Antioxidants 10, no. 4: 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040568