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Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 58401

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco G. Alves

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Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: metabolism; mitochondria; omics; andrology; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Pedro F. Oliveira

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LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: aquaporins; oxidative stress; spermatogenesis; antioxidants; aging; infertility; proteomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Luis Crisostomo

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Researcher at Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar & Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Interests: epigenetics; transgenerational inheritance; lipidomics; metabolomics; metabolic diseases; biostatistics; bionformatics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At a moment when public and scientific attention is directed towards the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we must not overlook the longer and uncontrolled epidemics of non-communicable diseases. This epidemic will claim millions of lives prematurely and years of health worldwide, and all the measures taken to constrain it have been deemed insufficient. This Special Issue, “Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-Communicable Diseases”, focuses on molecular mechanisms and emerging therapies for attenuating the health and economic burdens of non-communicable diseases, particularly by the promotion of pivotal lifestyle interventions related to antioxidants and oxidative stress. This Special Issue will also discuss the oxidative processes involved in the pathophysiology of non-communicable diseases and pharmacological solutions for tackling these processes. With this Special Issue, we seek a translational view of the problems regarding non-communicable diseases, gathering knowledge from fundamental and clinical researchers alike, from fields as distinct as biochemistry, endocrinology, physiology, nutrition and even policymaking.

We welcome all submissions.

Dr. Marco G. Alves
Dr. Pedro F. Oliveira
Dr. Luis Crisostomo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Metabolic diseases
Cancer
Omics
Infertility
Obesogens
Nutraceuticals
Physical activity
Nutrition and diet
Inflammation
Pharmacognosy

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 210 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress, and Non-Communicable Diseases

by Luís Crisóstomo, Pedro F. Oliveira and Marco G. Alves

Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061080 - 29 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2222

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases have become the leading cause of death, morbidity, and loss of healthy years worldwide, according to the World Health Organization [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

Research

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18 pages, 4377 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ivermectin-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Human SH-SY5Y Cells Involves the Activation of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Pathway and Akt/mTOR-Pathway-Mediated Autophagy

by Yuan Zhang, Tun Sun, Meng Li, Yanling Lin, Yue Liu, Shusheng Tang and Chongshan Dai

Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050908 - 5 May 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6048

Abstract

Ivermectin (IVM) could cause potential neurotoxicity; however, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the cytotoxicity of IVM in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results show that IVM treatment (2.5–15 μM) for 24 h could induce dose-dependent cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Compared to the control, IVM treatment significantly promoted the production of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell apoptosis. IVM treatment also promoted mitophagy and autophagy, which were charactered by the decreased expression of phosphorylation (p)-Akt and p-mTOR proteins, increased expression of LC3II, Beclin1, ATG5, PINK, and Pakin1 proteins and autophagosome formation. N-acetylcysteine treatment significantly inhibited the IVM-induced production of ROS and cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Autophagy inhibitor (e.g., 3-methyladenine) treatment significantly inhibited IVM-induced autophagy, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results reveal that IVM could induce autophagy and apoptotic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells, which involved the production of ROS, activation of mitochondrial pathway, and inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway. Autophagy inhibition improved IVM-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. This current study provides new insights into understanding the molecular mechanism of IVM-induced neurotoxicity and facilitates the discovery of potential neuroprotective agents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

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11 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Blueberry and Soluble Fiber Improve Serum Antioxidant and Adipokine Biomarkers and Lipid Peroxidation in Pregnant Women with Obesity and at Risk for Gestational Diabetes

by Arpita Basu, Jeannette Crew, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Jefferson W. Kinney, Arnold M. Salazar, Petar Planinic and James M. Alexander

Antioxidants 2021, 10(8), 1318; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081318 - 22 Aug 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3545

Abstract

Pregnancies affected by obesity are at high risk for developing metabolic complications with oxidative stress and adipocyte dysfunction contributing to the underlying pathologies. Few studies have examined the role of dietary interventions, especially those involving antioxidants including polyphenolic flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables on these pathologies in high-risk pregnant women. We conducted an 18 gestation-week randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of a dietary intervention comprising of whole blueberries and soluble fiber vs. control (standard prenatal care) on biomarkers of oxidative stress/antioxidant status and adipocyte and hormonal functions in pregnant women with obesity (n = 34). Serum samples were collected at baseline (<20 gestation weeks) and at the end of the study period (32–26 gestation weeks). Study findings showed maternal serum glutathione and antioxidant capacity to be significantly increased, and malondialdehyde to be decreased in the dietary intervention vs. control group (all p < 0.05). Among the adipokine biomarkers, serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and visfatin, as biomarkers of adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance, were also decreased following dietary intervention (all p < 0.05). These findings support the need for supplementing maternal diets with berries and fiber to improve oxidative stress and risks of metabolic complications during pregnancy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

17 pages, 2076 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Serum and Erythrocyte Antioxidant Defense in Colorectal Cancer Patients during Early Postoperative Period: Potential Modifiers and Impact on Clinical Outcomes

by Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka, Magdalena Mierzchała-Pasierb, Marek Zawadzki, Dorota Diakowska and Wojciech Witkiewicz

Antioxidants 2021, 10(7), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10070999 - 23 Jun 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2097

Abstract

A better understanding of antioxidant status, its modifiers, and its effect on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery is needed for effective antioxidant-based interventions. The objectives of this cohort study were: to determine baseline serum (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); n = 72) and erythrocyte (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); n = 47) antioxidant capacity and time-course during the 72 h postoperative period, to identify potential modifiers, and to establish impact on clinical outcomes. Older patients with comorbidities had lower baseline FRAP. TAC was inversely and SOD directly correlated with inflammatory markers. Cancer pathology affected GPx (lower in advanced and more aggressive cancers) and SOD (higher in advanced cancers). Surgical intervention induced a transient increase in FRAP and TAC with greater FRAP elevation in older, obese patients with several comorbidities. SOD activity significantly increased while GPx non-significantly decreased between 8 and 24 h post-incision. Poorer health status was associated with an increase in SOD and a decrease in GPx at 72 h. Clinical manifestation of postoperative ileus was preceded by decreased TAC at 24 h and an increase in SOD between 8 and 24 h and anastomotic leak was manifested by diminished SOD at 72 h compared to activities at 8 and 24 h. The time-frame between 8 and 24 h post-incision might be the most critical regarding oxidant/antioxidant balance and therefore the best suited for antioxidant-based intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

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18 pages, 2753 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plasmatic Oxidative and Metabonomic Profile of Patients with Different Degrees of Biliary Acute Pancreatitis Severity

by Pedro Silva-Vaz, Ivana Jarak, Luís Rato, Pedro F. Oliveira, Sara Morgado-Nunes, Aida Paulino, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Maria Filomena Botelho, José Guilherme Tralhão, Marco G. Alves and Ana Margarida Abrantes

Antioxidants 2021, 10(6), 988; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060988 - 21 Jun 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3057

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of the pancreatic and peripancreatic tissues and remote organ systems. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress (OS), and plasma metabolome of patients with different degrees of biliary AP severity to improve its prognosis. Twenty-nine patients with biliary AP and 11 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We analyzed several inflammatory biomarkers, multifactorial scores, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants defenses, and the plasma metabolome of biliary AP and healthy controls. Hepcidin (1.00), CRP (0.94), and SIRI (0.87) were the most accurate serological biomarkers of AP severity. OS played a pivotal role in the initial phase of AP, with significant changes in ROS and antioxidant defenses relating to AP severity. Phenylalanine (p < 0.05), threonine (p < 0.05), and lipids (p < 0.01) showed significant changes in AP severity. The role of hepcidin and SIRI were confirmed as new prognostic biomarkers of biliary AP. OS appears to have a role in the onset and progression of the AP process. Overall, this study identified several metabolites that may predict the onset and progression of biliary AP severity, constituting the first metabonomic study in the field of biliary AP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

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16 pages, 1513 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Amani M. T. Gusti, Safaa Y. Qusti, Eida M. Alshammari, Eman A. Toraih and Manal S. Fawzy

Antioxidants 2021, 10(4), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040595 - 13 Apr 2021

Cited by 75 | Viewed by 8627

Abstract

Oxidative stress and antioxidants play an important role in obesity etiopathology. Genetic variants, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the antioxidant-related genes, may impact disease risk in several populations. This preliminary study aimed to explore the association of 12 SNPs related to superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes with obesity susceptibility in a Saudi population. A total of 384 unrelated participants, including 154 (40.1%) obese individuals, were enrolled. TaqMan OpenArray Genotyping assays were used. Six SNPs were significantly more prevalent in obese cohorts: (1) GSTM1 rs1056806*C/T; (2) SOD1 rs2234694*A; (3) SOD2 rs4880*G; (4) SOD3 rs2536512*A; (5) GPX1 rs1800668*A; (6) NOS3 rs1799983*G. Four SNPs were associated with higher obesity risk under heterozygote and dominant models for GSTM1 rs1056806 (C/T), homozygote model for SOD2 rs4880 (A/G), and homozygote and recessive models for GPX1 rs1800668 (A/G). In contrast, SOD3 rs2536512 (A/G) were less likely to be obese under heterozygote and dominant models. The CGAG, CAAA, TGGG, and CGAG combined genotypes showed a higher risk of obesity. In conclusion, the present results suggest that oxidative-stress-related genetic determinants could significantly associate with obesity risk in the study population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

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10 pages, 478 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Preconception Selenium Intake on the Risk for Gestational Diabetes: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

by Hyo Kyozuka, Tsuyoshi Murata, Toma Fukuda, Akiko Yamaguchi, Aya Kanno, Shun Yasuda, Akiko Sato, Yuka Ogata, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Seiji Yasumura, Koichi Hashimoto, Hidekazu Nishigori and Keiya Fujimori

Antioxidants 2021, 10(4), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040568 - 7 Apr 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2925

Abstract

Selenium (Se) acts as a cofactor of antioxidant enzymes. Preconception care may reduce the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We examined the association between preconception Se intake and the risk of GDM in Japanese women. Using the Japan Environment and Children’s Study database, we identified 92,764 Japanese women recruited between January 2011 and March 2014. Participants were categorized into five groups according to preconception Se intake quintiles (Q1 and Q5 were the lowest and highest Se intake groups, respectively). GDM was categorized as early-onset (Eo-GDM) or late-onset (Lo-GDM) diagnosed before or after 24 weeks, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify the effect of preconception Se intake on GDM, Eo-GDM, and Lo-GDM. Using Q3 (the middle Se intake group) as the reference, a multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the highest (Q5) Se intake group demonstrated increased risks of GDM (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.30) and the lowest (Q1) Se intake group had increased risks of Lo-GDM (aOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01–1.41). Thus, both high and low preconception Se intakes increase risks of glucose intolerance during pregnancy. This finding may indicate new recommendations for preconception Se intake to prevent GDM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

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Review

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26 pages, 3893 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Prognostic Value of Derivatives-Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (d-ROMs) for Cardiovascular Disease Events and Mortality: A Review

by Filippo Pigazzani, Davide Gorni, Kenneth A. Dyar, Matteo Pedrelli, Gwen Kennedy, Gabriele Costantino, Agostino Bruno, Isla Mackenzie, Thomas M. MacDonald, Uwe J. F. Tietge and Jacob George

Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1541; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081541 - 9 Aug 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3536

Abstract

Oxidative stress participates in the development and exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The ability to promptly quantify an imbalance in an individual reductive-oxidative (RedOx) state could improve cardiovascular risk assessment and management. Derivatives-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) are an emerging biomarker of oxidative stress quantifiable in minutes through standard biochemical analysers or by a bedside point-of-care test. The current review evaluates available data on the prognostic value of d-ROMs for CVD events and mortality in individuals with known and unknown CVD. Outcome studies involving small and large cohorts were analysed and hazard ratio, risk ratio, odds ratio, and mean differences were used as measures of effect. High d-ROM plasma levels were found to be an independent predictor of CVD events and mortality. Risk begins increasing at d-ROM levels higher than 340 UCARR and rises considerably above 400 UCARR. Conversely, low d-ROM plasma levels are a good negative predictor for CVD events in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure. Moreover, combining d-ROMs with other relevant biomarkers routinely used in clinical practice might support a more precise cardiovascular risk assessment. We conclude that d-ROMs represent an emerging oxidative-stress-related biomarker with the potential for better risk stratification both in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

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20 pages, 5093 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Mechanisms and Management of Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Male Hypogonadism Associated with Non-communicable Chronic Disease

by Kristian Leisegang, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, Petr Slama and Renata Finelli

Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1834; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111834 - 18 Nov 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4714

Abstract

Androgens have diverse functions in muscle physiology, lean body mass, the regulation of adipose tissue, bone density, neurocognitive regulation, and spermatogenesis, the male reproductive and sexual function. Male hypogonadism, characterized by reduced testosterone, is commonly seen in ageing males, and has a complex relationship as a risk factor and a comorbidity in age-related noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and malignancy. Oxidative stress, as a significant contributor to the ageing process, is a common feature between ageing and NCDs, and the related comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress may also be a mediator of hypogonadism in males. Consequently, the management of oxidative stress may represent a novel therapeutic approach in this context. Therefore, this narrative review aims to discuss the mechanisms of age-related oxidative stress in male hypogonadism associated with NCDs and discusses current and potential approaches for the clinical management of these patients, which may include conventional hormone replacement therapy, nutrition and lifestyle changes, adherence to the optimal body mass index, and dietary antioxidant supplementation and/or phytomedicines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

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15 pages, 2271 KiB

Open AccessReview

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Pathway in Allergic Rhinitis

by Munsoo Han, Dabin Lee, Sang Hag Lee and Tae Hoon Kim

Antioxidants 2021, 10(8), 1266; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081266 - 9 Aug 2021

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 9889

Abstract

Oxidative stress is the cause and consequence of redox metabolism in various physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying oxidative stress and the role of antioxidants could serve as the key to helping treat associated diseases. Allergic rhinitis is a condition that deteriorates the daily function and quality of life of afflicted individuals and is associated with a high socioeconomic burden and prevalence. Recent studies have focused on the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in allergic rhinitis. This review discusses animal and clinical studies on oxidative markers and the potential therapeutic dietary antioxidants for allergic rhinitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

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26 pages, 1767 KiB

Open AccessReview

Emergence of SGLT2 Inhibitors as Powerful Antioxidants in Human Diseases

by Kai-Fan Tsai, Yung-Lung Chen, Terry Ting-Yu Chiou, Tian-Huei Chu, Lung-Chih Li, Hwee-Yeong Ng, Wen-Chin Lee and Chien-Te Lee

Antioxidants 2021, 10(8), 1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081166 - 22 Jul 2021

Cited by 61 | Viewed by 9935

Abstract

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of oral glucose-lowering agents. Apart from their glucose-lowering effects, large clinical trials assessing certain SGLT2 inhibitors have revealed cardiac and renal protective effects in non-diabetic patients. These excellent outcomes motivated scientists and clinical professionals to revisit their underlying mechanisms. In addition to the heart and kidney, redox homeostasis is crucial in several human diseases, including liver diseases, neural disorders, and cancers, with accumulating preclinical studies demonstrating the therapeutic benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors. In the present review, we aimed to update recent advances in the antioxidant roles of SGLT2 inhibitors in common but debilitating human diseases. We anticipate that this review will guide new research directions and novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, nephropathies, liver diseases, neural disorders, and cancers in the era of SGLT2 inhibitors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress and Non-communicable Diseases)

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