Antioxidants, Volume 10, Issue 4

Redox signaling is controlled by the reversible oxidation of cysteine thiols, a post-translational modification triggered by H₂O₂ acting as a second messenger. However, H₂O₂ actually reacts poorly with most cysteine thiols and it is not clear how H₂O...

Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. (A. tenuifolius) is a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional use to treat ailments. In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid content evaluation using LC-ESI/MS analysis and various biological activities (ant...

Salicin is a major natural compound of willow bark and displays diverse beneficial biological properties, such as antioxidant activity. However, little information available for the neuroprotective potential of salicin against ischemic brain injury h...

A healthy aging process is a requirement for good life quality. A relationship between physical activity, the consumption of antioxidants and brain health has been stablished via the activation of pathways that reduce the harmful effects of oxidative...

Adipose tissue (AT) storage capacity is central in the maintenance of whole-body homeostasis, especially in obesity states. However, sustained nutrients overflow may dysregulate this function resulting in adipocytes hypertrophy, AT hypoxia, inflammat...

In stroke patients, the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) is closely linked with worse outcomes and increased mortality. In this study, the interplay between post-stroke and AKI and treatment options was investigated in a rodent model of hemor...

Oxidative stress is associated with the increased production of reactive oxygen species or with a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic defense. The penetration of oxygen and free radicals in the hydrophobi...

Vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and subsequent endothelial dysfunction are consequences of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, all of which contribute to cardiovascular disease. Environmental stressors, such as traffic noise and air pol...

Free radical-induced oxidative stress is the root cause of many diseases, such as diabetes, stress and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this research was to screen GABA levels, antioxidant activities and bioactive compounds in brown rice. In...

Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) fruits, their extracts, and bioactive compounds are used in alternative medicine as adaptogens and ergogens protecting against numerous neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, liver, and skin disorders. S....

We investigated the effects of melatonin and its selected metabolites, i.e., N¹-Acetyl-N²-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK) and 6-hydroxymelatonin (6(OH)Mel), on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) to assess their homeostatic activities w...

Loss of ovarian function is closely related to estrogen (E₂) deficiency, which is responsible for increased osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activity. We aimed to investigate the action mechanism of E₂ to decrease bone resorption in OCs to protect...

Antioxidant ingredients are known to contribute to the beneficial effects of natural products in health promotion as well as disease prevention by reducing oxidative stress, caused by reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, in biological systems [...]

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is caused by the chronic and gradual oxidative degeneration of the retina. Unfortunately, the general purpose of current treatments is to slow AMD progression, as the retina cannot be restored to its pre-AMD con...

Pancreatic cancer cells (PDACs) are more susceptible to an oxidative insult than normal cells, resulting in greater cytotoxicity upon exposure to agents that increase pro-oxidant levels. Pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH⁻), i.e., large amounts given...

Melatonin is an endogenous hormone that exhibits antioxidant functions and neuroprotective effects. The hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) play an important role linked to working memory. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) can induce oxidative stress and...

Oxidative stress and later-induced chronic inflammation have been reported to play an important role on the progression of sarcopenia. Current treatments for sarcopenia are mainly administered to patients whom sarcopenia already developed. However, t...

Writing an editorial about rare diseases can become a messy subject from the biological perspective [...]

Facultative halophyte Kandelia obovata plants were exposed to mild (1.5% NaCl) and severe (3% NaCl) salt stress with or without sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 100 µM; a NO donor), hemoglobin (Hb, 100 µM; a NO scavenger), or Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl est...

The catalytic activity of peroxiredoxins (Prx) is determined by the conserved peroxidatic cysteine (Cys_P), which reacts with peroxides to form sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH). Under conditions of oxidative stress, Cys_P is oxidized to catalytically inactive s...

The extraction of bioactive compounds present in walnut (Juglans regia L.) male flowers (WMFs) was performed based on an experimental design using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Solvent nature, extraction time, and water content were selected as exp...

All cells continuously generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the respiratory chain during the energy metabolism process [...]

Mitochondria are popularly called the “powerhouses” of the cell. They promote energy metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which in contrast to cytosolic glycolysis are oxygen-dependent and significantly...

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of chronic diabetes-related complications. Previous metabolomic studies showed a positive association of diabetes and insulin resistance with branched-chain amino acids (AAs) and aromatic AAs. The...

Macular xanthophylls, which are absorbed from the human diet, accumulate in high concentrations in the human retina, where they efficiently protect against oxidative stress that may lead to retinal damage. In addition, macular xanthophylls are unique...

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is increasing due to aging of the population and is a major cause of death among the elderly. Ultrasound screening programs are useful in early diagnosis, but aneurysm size is not always a good predictor of rupture. Ou...

Metabolic reprogramming, which is characteristic of cancer cells that rapidly adapt to the hypoxic microenvironment and is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis, is recognized as one of the major mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance. Mitoch...

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclically occurring combination of various symptoms, leading to decreased life quality among approximately 30% of women of childbearing age. PMS etiology remains unknown; however, there are some suggestions that inap...

Plasma Treated Water Solutions (PTWS) recently emerged as a novel tool for the generation of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS and RNS) in liquids. The presence of ROS with a strong oxidative power, like hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), has been pro...

One of the leading causes of obesity associated with oxidative stress (OS) is excessive consumption of nutrients, especially fast-foods, and a sedentary lifestyle, characterized by the ample accumulation of lipid in adipose tissue (AT). When the body...

Oxidative stress and antioxidants play an important role in obesity etiopathology. Genetic variants, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the antioxidant-related genes, may impact disease risk in several populations. This preliminary s...

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of sodium selenite (SS), selenium yeast (SY), and hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) on the meat quality and selenium (Se) deposition of finishing beef cattle. Sixty-three bulls were distributed over 3...

Ascorbate peroxidases (APX) are class I members of the Peroxidase-Catalase superfamily, a large group of evolutionarily related but rather divergent enzymes. Through mining in public databases, unusual subsets of APX homologs were identified, disclos...

Pinus needle tea are very popular in Eastern countries such as Japan, Russia, Korea, and China. Pine needle tea is claimed to have significant anti-aging effects, but no clear evidence has supported this until now. In the present study, five undescri...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder affecting a vast variety of the population. The onset of RA as well as the development of systematic immunization is affected by both genetic and environmental risk factors. This review aims to poin...

Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) is a mitochondrial electron carrier and a powerful lipophilic antioxidant located in membranes and plasma lipoproteins. CoQ₁₀ is endogenously synthesized and obtained from the diet, which has raised interest in its therapeutic po...

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important for maintaining whole-body metabolic and energy homeostasis. However, the effects of hypothyroidism, one of the most common diseases worldwide, which increases the risk of several metabolic disorders, on BAT re...

Mitochondria are critical for several cellular functions as they control metabolism, cell physiology, and cell death. The mitochondrial proteome consists of around 1500 proteins, the vast majority of which (about 99% of them) are encoded by nuclear g...

Telomere length can be influenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by lifestyle factors or environmental exposure. We sought to determine whether oxidative stress has an impact on sperm nuclear alterations, especially on chromatin organizat...

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the body and is required for numerous vital functions, including breathing and locomotion. Notably, deterioration of skeletal muscle mass is also highly correlated to mortality in patients suffering from...

The aim of the study was to assess whether oral intake of a nutraceutical product (Citrolive™) could determine changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and other parameters of lipid metabolism and plasma atherogenic capacity. Citrolive™ is...

Breast cancer is a multifactor disease, and many drug combination therapies are applied for its treatment. Selenium derivatives represent a promising potential anti-breast cancer treatment. This study reports the cytotoxic activity of forty-one amide...

Due to the strong antioxidant activity of flavonoids and carotenoids, daily consumption of these bioactive compounds has the potential for reducing the risk of many chronic and degenerative diseases caused by or contributed to by oxidative stress. Cu...

Wine and by-products are essential elements of a Mediterranean diet and considered as a reservoir of bioactive compounds with various health effects. Grape pomace, an easily available natural material of low cost, shares a similar wealth of health be...

Among the vast variety of plant-derived phytochemicals, the group of carotenoids has continuously been investigated in order to optimize their potential application in the area of dietary intervention and medicine. One organ which has been especially...

It is well known that the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to the peroxidation of membrane lipids, glycation/oxidation/nitration of proteins, inactivation of enzymes, DNA mutation and damage, and other alterations in the...

In this study, the inhibition of DNA oxidative damage and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation of royal jelly protein (RJP) hydrolysates obtained from two commercial proteases were investigated. The results showed that the inhibition of DNA oxidat...

Oxidative post-translational modifications of fibrinogen (a multifunctional blood plasma protein essential for hemostasis) are associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). Prunus spinosa flower is a herbal medicine used in an...

The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) on the extraction of phenolic compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco, on the antioxidant activity, and acetyl...

Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is fundamental in the regulation of redox balance and functionality of the endothelium, especially in the case of the umbilical cord (UC), which has no innervation. The analysis of UC vessel-related complications cou...