SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Lymphocytes Analysis in mRNA-Vaccinated Patients with B-Cell Lymphoid Malignancies on Active Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patients
2.2. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Assays
2.3. Lymphocyte Profiling and SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocyte Responses
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Humoral Response to mRNA Vaccines
3.3. Phenotypical Characterization of CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes and Their Activation/Differentiation Stage Subpopulations
3.4. S-Specific IFNγ T Lymphocyte Responses Induced by mRNA Vaccination
3.5. Concordance of Humoral and SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Lymphocyte Memory Response to the mRNA Vaccines
3.6. SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection in Vaccinated BCMs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Entire Cohort (n = 40) | B-NHL (n = 16) | CLL (n = 11) | MM (n = 13) | Control (n = 10) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr; median (IQR) | 68 (61–72) | 69 (59.8–72) | 64 (55.5–74) | 68 (63–71) | 59 (59–59) |
Male sex; n (%) | 27 (67.5) | 8 (50) | 8 (72.7) | 11 (84.6) | 6 (60) |
Previous COVID-19, n (%) | 8 (20) | 4 (25) | 1 (9) | 3 (23) | 0 |
Treatment, n (%) | NA | ||||
Anti-CD20 +/− chemotherapy † | 15 (37.5) | 15 (93.8) | 0 | 0 | |
BTK inhibitors | 11 (27.5) | 1 (6.3) | 10 (90.9) | 0 | |
Anti-CD38 based therapy Φ | 7 (17.5) | 0 | 0 | 7 (53.8) | |
IMIDs alone | 5 (12.5) | 0 | 0 | 5 (38.5) | |
Bcl-2 inhibitors | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 1 (9) | 0 | |
Other target therapies * | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 0 | 1 (7.7) | |
Lines of therapy, n (%) | NA | ||||
1 | 24 (60) | 11 (68.8) | 7 (63.6) | 6 (46.2) | |
2 | 9 (22.5) | 2 (12.5) | 2 (18.2) | 5 (38.5) | |
3 or more | 7 (17.5) | 3 (18.8) | 2 (18.2) | 2 (15.4) | |
Laboratory parameters | |||||
Absolute lymphocyte count, 109/L median (IQR) | 1425 (902.5–2795) | 1150 (555–1462) | 3880 (1655–7280) | 1430 (850–1800) | 1770 (1542–2218) |
IgG, mg/dL median (IQR) | 650 (493.25–969) | 790.5 (629–969) | 665 (568–1235) | 485 (443–614) | 1130 (1032–1172) |
IgM, mg/dL median (IQR) | 23 (19–49.25) | 27.5 (19–56.2) | 25 (19.5–51) | 19 (19–34) | 70.5 (48.5–109) |
IgA, mg/dL median (IQR) | 83 (46.25–173.5) | 124.5 (75.8–213) | 103 (59–194) | 41 (28–72) | 296 (203–381) |
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García Ramírez, P.; Callejas Charavia, M.; Oliva Martin, R.; Gómez La Hoz, A.M.; Ortega, M.Á.; García Suárez, J.; Álvarez-Mon, M.; Monserrat Sanz, J. SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Lymphocytes Analysis in mRNA-Vaccinated Patients with B-Cell Lymphoid Malignancies on Active Treatment. Vaccines 2024, 12, 961. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090961
García Ramírez P, Callejas Charavia M, Oliva Martin R, Gómez La Hoz AM, Ortega MÁ, García Suárez J, Álvarez-Mon M, Monserrat Sanz J. SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Lymphocytes Analysis in mRNA-Vaccinated Patients with B-Cell Lymphoid Malignancies on Active Treatment. Vaccines. 2024; 12(9):961. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090961
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía Ramírez, Patricia, Marta Callejas Charavia, Raquel Oliva Martin, Ana María Gómez La Hoz, Miguel Ángel Ortega, Julio García Suárez, Melchor Álvarez-Mon, and Jorge Monserrat Sanz. 2024. "SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Lymphocytes Analysis in mRNA-Vaccinated Patients with B-Cell Lymphoid Malignancies on Active Treatment" Vaccines 12, no. 9: 961. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090961