The Impact of Diet-Induced Weight Loss on Inflammatory Status and Hyperandrogenism in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria for Study Selection
2.2. Outcome Measures
2.2.1. Primary Outcomes
2.2.2. Secondary Outcome Measures
2.3. Search Strategy
2.4. Screening and Selection of Retrieved Studies
2.5. Assessment of Quality and Risk of Bias
2.6. Data Extraction and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Search Results
1st Author, Year | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Overall |
---|---|---|---|---|
Szczuko, 2018 [45] | ** | *** | ** | 7 |
Moran, 2007 [49] | *** | **** | ** | 9 |
Asemi, 2015 [46] | ** | ** | ** | 6 |
Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, 2008 [48] | *** | ** | ** | 7 |
First Author, Year | Country | Study Design | n | Age (Y) | Diet Intervention | BMI (Kg/m2)-[Weight (Kg)] | Outcomes Measured | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Duration [Weeks] | Before | After | p | Inflammatory Markers | Androgens | |||||
Moran, 2006 [26] | Australia | RCT | 34 | 32.1 ± 5.2 | energy-restricted diet | 8 | 34.9 ± 7.0 [96.0 ± 3.3] | - [90.3 ± 3.3] | - | CRP | - |
Mehrabani, 2012 [31] | Iran | RCT | 26 | 28.5 ± 5.2 | low-calorie diet | 12 | 31.1 ± 4.6 [78.9 ± 12.4] | - [74.8 ± 0.5] | - | CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 | SHBG |
Cheshmeh, 2021 [32] | Iran | RCT | 99 | 33.8 ± 5.4 | low-calorie diet | 16 | 35.18 ± 5.16 | 32.86 ± 5.95 | <0.001 | CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 | Testosterone, SHBG, DHEAS, Androstenedione |
Marsh, 2010 [33] | Australia | RCT | 50 | 29.3 ± 0.8 | low-glycaemic index diet | Up to 48 | 34.7 ± 0.9 | 33.2 ± 0.6 | - | CRP | Testosterone, SHBG, |
Esfahanian, 2012 [34] | Iran | RCT | 13 | 20.0 ± 4.6 | low-calorie diet | 12 | 34.1 ± 5.4 | 30.1 ± 5.5 | <0.001 | CRP | Testosterone, DHEAS |
Deshmukh, 2023 [44] | UK | RCT | 11 | 27.7 ± 3.8 | Very low-calorie diet | 8 | 37.8 ± 3.9 | 33.7 ± 3.9 | <0.0001 | CRP | Testosterone, SHBG, DHEAS, Androstenedione |
Szczuko, 2018 [45] | Poland | Cohort | 22 | 26.6 ± 4.2 | low-glycaemic index diet | 12 | 28.38 [79.13 ± 14.58] | 26.1 [73.01 ± 10.18] | <0.05 | TNF-α | Testosterone, SHBG, DHEAS, Androstenedione |
Asemi, 2015 [46] | Iran | Cohort | 27 | 27.5 ± 3.6 | Fasting [16.5/day] | 4 | 28.6 ± 3.9 | 28.4 ± 3.9 | 0.64 | CRP | - |
Moran, 2010 [47] | Australia | RCT | 14 | 32.8 ± 4.5 | energy-restricted diet | 16 | 37.6 ± 7.1 | 34.9 ± 6.5 | - | CRP | - |
Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, 2008 [48] | Poland | Cohort | 15 | 28.5 ± 7.7 | low-calorie diet | ND | 36.1 ± 6.6 | 31.6 ± 5.8 | <0.00001 | TNF-α, IL-6 | Testosterone, SHBG, DHEAS, Androstenedione |
Moran, 2007 [49] | Australia | Cohort | 12 | 31.7 ± 6.2 | Energy-restricted diet | 8 | 35.7 ± 5.8 [95.1 ± 19.3] | - [91.2 ± 15.7] | - | CRP | - |
3.2. Risk of Bias and Quality Assessment of Selected Studies
3.3. Included Studies
3.3.1. Study Designs
3.3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3.3. Study Participants
3.4. Outcome Data
3.5. Systematic Review
3.5.1. Inflammatory Markers
3.5.2. Anti-Inflammatory Marker
3.5.3. Androgens and LH
3.6. Meta-Analysis
3.6.1. Inflammatory Markers
3.6.2. Androgens and LH
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Author, Year | n | CRP | IL-6 (pg/mL) | TNF-α (pg/mL) | Adiponectin (ng/mL) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | p | Before | After | p | Before | After | p | Before | After | p | ||
Moran, 2006 [26] | 34 | 3.30 ± 0.40 * | 2.80 ± 0.30 * | <0.05 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Mehrabani, 2012 [31] | 26 | 2.70 ± 0.60 ** | 2.6 ± 00.60 ** | - | 1.1 ± 0.06 | 1.0 ± 0.06 | - | 6.3 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | <0.005 | 59.6 ± 4.4 | 67.7 ± 4.6 | <0.005 |
Cheshmeh, 2021 [32] | 99 | 1.50 ± 0.18 * | 1.50 ± 0.18 * | 0.1 | 2.28 ± 1.41 | 2.17 ± 1.41 | 0.76 | 6.62 ± 0.51 | 6.58 ± 1.58 | 0.45 | - | - | - |
Marsh, 2010 [33] | 50 | 5.30 ± 0.80 ** | 4.10 ± 0.13 ** ◊◊ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Esfahanian, 2012 [34] | 13 | 60.00 ± 21.00 ** | 42.00 ± 16.00 ** | 0.04 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Deshmukh, 2023 [44] | 11 | 7.00 ± 5.70 ** | 6.30 ± 5.50 ** | 0.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Szczuko, 2018 [45] | 22 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 59.7 ± 18.2 | 57.6 ± 12.3 | - | - | - | - |
Asemi, 2015 [46] | 27 | 2.96± 2.84 ** | 2.0 ± 1.68 ** | 0.07 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Moran, 2010 [47] | 14 | 9.0 ± 6.0 ** | 7.10 ± 5.0 ** | 0.003 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, 2008 [48] | 15 | - | - | 6.0 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 2.1 | >0.05 | 6.6 ± 3.0 | 6.1 ± 3.6 | >0.05 | - | - | - | |
Moran, 2007 [49] | 12 | 5.50 ± 3.10 ** | 5.90 ± 3.30 ** | 0.066 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
First Author, Year | n | Testosterone | SHBG (nmol/L) | DHEAS | Androstenedione | LH (IU/L) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | p | Before | After | p | Before | After | p | Before | After | p | Before | After | p | ||
Mehrabani, 2012 [31] | 26 | - | - | - | 26.9 ± 3.8 π | 37.6± 4.6 π | <0.05 | 330.1 ± 30.6 * | 298.1 ± 28.9 * | <0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Cheshmeh, 2021 [32] | 99 | 1.35 ± 0.21 * | 1.35 ± 0.25 * | 0.96 | 33.12 ± 10.17 | 34.79 ± 10.59 | 0.25 | 363.39 ± 76.0 § | 383.06 ± 48.7 § | 0.1 | 1.97 ± 0.3 * | 1.85 ± 0.2 * | 0.01 | 5.94 ± 2.28 | 5.95 ± 1.8 | 0.77 |
Marsh, 2010 [33] | 50 | 2.7 ± 0.2 π | ND | <0.05 | 33.0 ± 2.9 π | ND | <0.05 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8.7 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 5.2 ◊◊ | - |
Esfahanian, 2012 [34] | 13 | 0.83 ± 0.23 | 0.66 ± 0.21 | <0.05 | - | - | - | 307.7 ± 358.5 | 293 ± 84.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Deshmukh, 2023 [44] | 11 | 1.5 ± 0.70 π | 1.39 ± 0.65 π | 0.11 | 16.0 ± 6.5 π | 22.8 ± 7.7 π | 0.002 | 6.9 ± 3.3 ¥ | 7.8 ± 3.4 ¥ | 0.4 | 5.3 ± 2 π | 4.7 ± 1.7 π | 0.3 | 8.2 ± 4.3 | 8.5 ± 4.1 | 0.09 |
Szczuko, 2018 [45] | 22 | 0.57 ± 0.28 * | 0.46 ± 0.11 * | <0.05 | 39.39 ± 15.94 | 44.34 ± 21.29 | - | 227.78 ± 66.8 δ | 228.41 ± 74.4 δ | - | 4.56 ± 1.6 * | 3.90 ± 1.4 * | <0.05 | 7.07 ± 1.84 | 4.97 ± 1.5 | <0.05 |
Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, 2008 [48] | 15 | 2.4 ± 0.9 π | 2.0 ± 0.8 π | - | 30.2 ± 17.1 π | 33.2 ± 17.1 π | - | 525.7 ± 168.1 δ | 244. 3 ± 125.4 δ | - | 4.6 ± 2.0 * | 5.4 ± 2.4 * | - | 7.7 ± 5.8 | 9.3 ± 7.6 | - |
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Alenezi, S.A.; Elkmeshi, N.; Alanazi, A.; Alanazi, S.T.; Khan, R.; Amer, S. The Impact of Diet-Induced Weight Loss on Inflammatory Status and Hyperandrogenism in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4934. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164934
Alenezi SA, Elkmeshi N, Alanazi A, Alanazi ST, Khan R, Amer S. The Impact of Diet-Induced Weight Loss on Inflammatory Status and Hyperandrogenism in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4934. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164934
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlenezi, Salih Atalah, Nusaiba Elkmeshi, Abdullah Alanazi, Sulaiman T. Alanazi, Raheela Khan, and Saad Amer. 2024. "The Impact of Diet-Induced Weight Loss on Inflammatory Status and Hyperandrogenism in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4934. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164934