Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress in Women Experiencing Preterm Birth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Procedure
- PBG: (1) infants born before 37 weeks of gestation, (2) hospitalization duration not shorter than one month and no longer than 6 months, (3) timespan after discharge from hospital not longer than 2 months, (4) natural birth, (5) no genetic defects in preterm infants.
- FBG: (1) infants born after 37 weeks of gestation, (2) duration of hospital stay not longer than 3 days, (3) timespan after discharge from hospital not longer than 2 months, (4) natural birth, (5) parents of newborns with no genetic defects.
2.2. Methods
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterisctics of the Study Group
3.2. Psychological Analysis
3.3. Spearman Correlation Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | PBG | FBG | p-Value | PBD | FBG | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LSE (N = 49) | LSE (N = 40) | HSE (N = 63) | HSE (N = 98) | |||
Age Median (95%CI) | 35.0 (33.1; 36.3) | 35.0 (33.6; 37.9) | 0.623 | 36.0 (34.9; 38.5) | 38.5 (37.9; 40.9) * | 0.041 |
Marital status N (%) | ||||||
Miss/bachelor | 6 (12.2) | 3 (7.5) | 0.504 | 12 (19.0) | 7 (7.1) | 0.278 |
Married | 40 (81.6) | 33 (82.5) | 0.496 | 45 (71.4) | 81 (81.8) ** | 0.001 |
Divorced | 3 (6.1) | 4 (10.0) | 0.797 | 6 (9.5) | 9 (9.1) | 0.489 |
Separated | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 0 | 2 (2.0) | 0.259 |
Place of living N (%) | ||||||
City over 50,000 citizens | 19 (38.8) | 14 (35.0) | 0.560 | 36 (57.1) | 53 (53.5) * | 0.035 |
City below 50,000 citizens | 12 (24.5) | 13 (32.5) | 0.887 | 13 (20.6) | 25 (25.2) | 0.065 |
Village | 17 (34.7) | 12 (30.0) | 0.508 | 14 (22.2) | 19 (19.2) | 0.410 |
No answer | 1 (2.0) | 1 (2.5) | 1.000 | 0 | 2 (2.0) | 0.259 |
Educational status N (%) | ||||||
Vocational education | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 2 (3.2) | 1 (1.0) | 0.597 |
Secondary education | 7 (14.2) | 4 (10.0) | 0.542 | 11 (17.4) | 11 (11.1) | 1.000 |
Higher | 42 (85.7) | 36 (90.0) | 0.705 | 50 (79.4) | 87 (87.9) ** | 0.001 |
PB G (N = 112) | FB G (N = 139) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Median (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
CISS SSZ | 58.0 (8.1; 12.2) | 60.0 (8.4; 13.2) | 0.501 |
CISS SSE | 4.0 (1.2; 1.7) | 46.0 (10.5; 16.5) ** | 0.0001 |
CISS SSU | 40.0 (8.1; 12.1) | 37.0 (7.3; 11.5) | 0.632 |
CISS SSU ACZ | 17.0 (5.1; 7.6) | 16.5 (4.3; 6.8) | 0.614 |
CISS SSU PKT | 15.0 (3.1; 5.2) | 15.0 (3.9; 6.1) | 0.977 |
STAI | 103.0 (20.4; 30.5) | 100.0 (24.7; 38.8) | 0.426 |
PBG (N = 112) | F B G (N = 139) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Mediana (95%CI) | p-Value | ||
CISS SSZ | 56.0 (9.6; 13.7) | 59.0 (8.2; 10.9) * | 0.037 |
CISS SSE | 4.0 (6.5; 9.3) | 41.0 (11.1; 14.7) ** | 0.0001 |
CISS SSU | 36.0 (6.9; 9.9) | 37.0 (7.4; 9.8) | 0.248 |
CISS SSU ACZ | 15.0 (4.4; 6.3) | 15.0 (4.7; 6.2) | 0.846 |
CISS SSU PKT | 14.0 (3.5; 5.0) | 15.0 (3.9; 5.2) | 0.105 |
STAI | 81.0 (16.2; 23.1) | 83.0 (19.0; 25.2) | 0.789 |
CISS SSZ | CISS SSE | CISS SSU | CISS SSU ACZ | CISS SSU PKT | STAI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CISS SSZ | - | −0.35 | 0.01 | −0.06 | 0.27 | −0.05 |
CISS SSE | −0.35 | - | 0.24 | 0.40 | −0.15 | 0.19 |
CISS SSU | 0.01 | 0.24 | - | 0.83 | 0.58 | 0.06 |
CISS SSU ACZ | −0.06 | 0.40 | 0.83 | - | 0.17 | 0.05 |
CISS SSU PKT | 0.27 | −0.15 | 0.58 | 0.17 | - | −0.05 |
STAI | −0.05 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.05 | −0.05 | - |
CISS SSZ | CISS SSE | CISS SSU | CISS SSU ACZ | CISS SSU PKT | STAI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CISS SSZ | - | −0.35 | 0.20 | −0.01 | 0.43 | 0.18 |
CISS SSE | −0.35 | - | 0.29 | 0.44 | −0.12 | 0.18 |
CISS SSU | 0.20 | 0.30 | - | 0.81 | 0.72 | 0.24 |
CISS SSU ACZ | −0.01 | 0.44 | 0.81 | - | 0.26 | 0.14 |
CISS SSU PKT | 0.43 | −0.12 | 0.72 | 0.26 | - | 0.16 |
STAI | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.16 | - |
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Białas, A.; Nowak, A.; Kamecka, K.; Rasmus, P.; Timler, D.; Marczak, M.; Kozłowski, R.; Lipert, A. Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress in Women Experiencing Preterm Birth. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4945. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164945
Białas A, Nowak A, Kamecka K, Rasmus P, Timler D, Marczak M, Kozłowski R, Lipert A. Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress in Women Experiencing Preterm Birth. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4945. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164945
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiałas, Agata, Anna Nowak, Karolina Kamecka, Paweł Rasmus, Dariusz Timler, Michał Marczak, Remigiusz Kozłowski, and Anna Lipert. 2024. "Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress in Women Experiencing Preterm Birth" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4945. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164945