Developing Early Morning Flowering Version of Rice Variety CO 51 to Mitigate the Heat-Induced Yield Loss

Ayyenar, Bharathi; Kambale, Rohit; Duraialagaraja, Sudhakar; Manickam, Sudha; Mohanavel, Vignesh; Shanmugavel, Priyanka; Alagarsamy, Senthil; Ishimaru, Tsutomu; Jagadish, S.V. Krishna; Vellingiri, Geethalakshmi; Muthurajan, Raveendran

doi:10.3390/agriculture13030553

Open AccessArticle

Developing Early Morning Flowering Version of Rice Variety CO 51 to Mitigate the Heat-Induced Yield Loss

by

Bharathi Ayyenar

¹

,

Rohit Kambale

¹,

Sudhakar Duraialagaraja

¹,

Sudha Manickam

¹,

Vignesh Mohanavel

¹,

Priyanka Shanmugavel

²

,

Senthil Alagarsamy

³

,

Tsutomu Ishimaru

^4,5,6,

S.V. Krishna Jagadish

⁷,

Geethalakshmi Vellingiri

^2,*

and

Raveendran Muthurajan

^1,*

¹

Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

²

Agro-Climatology Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

³

Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

⁴

Joetsu Research Station, Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Niigata 941-0193, Japan

⁵

Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba 305-8686, Japan

⁶

International Rice Research Institute, Manila 960, Philippines

⁷

Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Agriculture 2023, 13(3), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030553

Submission received: 31 December 2022 / Revised: 12 February 2023 / Accepted: 22 February 2023 / Published: 24 February 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Smart Agriculture: Climate Change, Responses of Crop Plants and Evolving Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies)

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Abstract

By 2050, the rice production needs to be increased by at least 50% in order to meet the growing food demands of the global population. Among various yield limiting factors, high temperature is fast becoming a major threat to sustain rice yields due to its increased frequency of occurrence and severity of stress events. The development of heat-resilient rice cultivars has been slow due to the lack of relevant donors for heat tolerance traits and limited information regarding the genetic basis of these component traits. The early morning flowering (EMF) trait, contributing to heat escape by promoting flowering/anthesis during cooler hours in the morning is demonstrated to offer protection against high-temperature-induced failure of pollination and fertilization. In this study, evaluation of CO 51, IR64 and IR64-qEMF3 (NIL of IR64 harboring QTL promoting EMF revealed that qEMF3 promoted early morning flowering in IR64-qEMF3 (1½ to 2 h earlier than IR64) and thereby reduced the sterility by about 8.15%. Attempts through marker-assisted backcross breeding led to development of advanced backcross progenies (NILs) of CO 51, harboring qEMF3. Evaluation of 88 BC₃F₂ progenies identified 19 progenies harboring qEMF3 under homozygous conditions. Evaluation of NILs of CO 51 harboring qEMF3 during summer 2019 revealed that the NILs exhibited early (7.30 a.m.) onset of anthesis by 1½ h and completed its peak anthesis well around cooler hours (9.30 a.m.) of the day and thereby recorded reduced spikelet sterility (7.8–9.0%) than their recurrent parent CO 51 (19.2%). The current study clearly demonstrated the efficacy of early morning flowering in the mitigation of yield losses under high-temperature conditions in a farmer preferred rice variety.

Keywords: rice; heat avoidance; qEMF3; marker assisted breeding

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ayyenar, B.; Kambale, R.; Duraialagaraja, S.; Manickam, S.; Mohanavel, V.; Shanmugavel, P.; Alagarsamy, S.; Ishimaru, T.; Jagadish, S.V.K.; Vellingiri, G.; et al. Developing Early Morning Flowering Version of Rice Variety CO 51 to Mitigate the Heat-Induced Yield Loss. Agriculture 2023, 13, 553. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030553

AMA Style

Ayyenar B, Kambale R, Duraialagaraja S, Manickam S, Mohanavel V, Shanmugavel P, Alagarsamy S, Ishimaru T, Jagadish SVK, Vellingiri G, et al. Developing Early Morning Flowering Version of Rice Variety CO 51 to Mitigate the Heat-Induced Yield Loss. Agriculture. 2023; 13(3):553. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030553

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayyenar, Bharathi, Rohit Kambale, Sudhakar Duraialagaraja, Sudha Manickam, Vignesh Mohanavel, Priyanka Shanmugavel, Senthil Alagarsamy, Tsutomu Ishimaru, S.V. Krishna Jagadish, Geethalakshmi Vellingiri, and et al. 2023. "Developing Early Morning Flowering Version of Rice Variety CO 51 to Mitigate the Heat-Induced Yield Loss" Agriculture 13, no. 3: 553. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030553

APA Style

Ayyenar, B., Kambale, R., Duraialagaraja, S., Manickam, S., Mohanavel, V., Shanmugavel, P., Alagarsamy, S., Ishimaru, T., Jagadish, S. V. K., Vellingiri, G., & Muthurajan, R. (2023). Developing Early Morning Flowering Version of Rice Variety CO 51 to Mitigate the Heat-Induced Yield Loss. Agriculture, 13(3), 553. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030553

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Developing Early Morning Flowering Version of Rice Variety CO 51 to Mitigate the Heat-Induced Yield Loss

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