Study of the Impact of Surface Topography on Wear Resistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Modelling and Simulation
2.1. Three-Dimensional Simulation Model of Surface Topography
2.2. Finite Element Simulation of Sliding Wear Process
3. Correlation Analysis and Predictive Models
3.1. Improved Relational Grade
3.2. Grey Prediction Model
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Surface Texture Parameters
4.2. Correlation Analysis between Surface Texture Parameters
4.3. Sliding Wear
4.4. Predictive Analysis of Wear Characteristics
5. Experimental Verification
6. Conclusions
- It is found that the peaks and valleys of the surface topography are more and more significant along with the gradual increase in the t-value, and the surface texture parameters Sp, Sv, Sz, Sxp, Sa, Sq, Sdq, and Sdr are gradually increased.
- An improved correlation analysis model is developed, and the correlations between surface texture parameters are analysed. Extremely strong correlations are found between the parameters Sq and Sa and between Sp, Sdq, and Sdr.
- The evaluation parameter KV for surface wear characteristics was proposed, and it was found that the correlation between the surface texture parameters and KV was in order from strongest to weakest: Sku, Sa, Sq, Sxp, Sp, Sdq, Ssk, Sdr, Sv, Sz.
- A prediction model for the wear feature evaluation parameter KV was established based on Sku, Sa, Sxp, Sp, and Ssk, and the wear resistance prediction analysis based on the surface texture parameter was realised. The correctness of the model was verified by experiments.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
t | Vibration difference of adjacent teeth during ball-end milling. |
Sa | Arithmetical mean height. |
Sq | Root mean square height. |
Sp | Largest peak height. |
Sv | Largest pit height. |
Sz | Largest height. |
Ssk | Skewness. |
Sku | Kurtosis. |
Sxp | Difference in height between the 2.5% and 50% material ratio. |
Sdq | Root mean square gradient. |
Sdr | Developed interfacial area ratio. |
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Groups | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t (μm) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Material | Density (g/mm3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Poisson’s Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
Cr12MoV | 7700 × 10−6 | 218 | 0.28 |
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp (μm) | 4.1529 | 4.1112 | 4.1814 | 4.3606 | 4.655 | 5.0864 | 5.6805 | 6.4365 | 7.3459 |
Sv (μm) | 2.3314 | 2.9068 | 3.4325 | 3.908 | 4.3338 | 4.6842 | 4.9350 | 5.0859 | 5.1374 |
Sz (μm) | 6.4843 | 7.0179 | 7.6139 | 8.2686 | 8.9888 | 9.7706 | 10.6154 | 11.5224 | 12.4833 |
Sxp (μm) | 3.0937 | 3.0718 | 3.2187 | 3.4862 | 3.8019 | 4.0853 | 4.8201 | 5.4114 | 5.667 |
Sq (μm) | 1.4344 | 1.4663 | 1.6112 | 1.8424 | 2.1264 | 2.4132 | 2.6584 | 2.8345 | 2.9042 |
Sa (μm) | 1.2064 | 1.2229 | 1.3119 | 1.479 | 1.7309 | 2.0303 | 2.2701 | 2.4201 | 2.4712 |
Ssk | 0.3812 | 0.3013 | 0.1167 | −0.0234 | −0.0656 | −0.0375 | 0.0339 | 0.1198 | 0.1696 |
Sku | 2.2693 | 2.318 | 2.4315 | 2.4007 | 2.2502 | 2.0968 | 2.0182 | 2.0284 | 2.0737 |
Sal (mm) | 0.1260 | 0.1303 | 0.1514 | 0.1873 | 0.2212 | 0.2361 | 0.2408 | 0.2431 | 0.2441 |
Sdq | 0.0216 | 0.0217 | 0.0221 | 0.0226 | 0.0234 | 0.0252 | 0.0273 | 0.0297 | 0.0320 |
Sdr (%) | 0.0233 | 0.0236 | 0.0243 | 0.0256 | 0.0274 | 0.0318 | 0.0374 | 0.0440 | 0.0513 |
Sp | Sv | Sz | Sxp | Sq | Sa | Ssk | Sku | Sdq | Sdr | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp | 1 | 0.7937 | 0.6323 | 0.8362 | 0.7402 | 0.7503 | 0.8104 | 0.6501 | 0.9090 | 0.9192 |
Sv | 1 | 0.7252 | 0.7462 | 0.7049 | 0.6978 | 0.6889 | 0.6027 | 0.8469 | 0.8471 | |
Sz | 1 | 0.6362 | 0.6393 | 0.6301 | 0.5851 | 0.5629 | 0.6562 | 0.6577 | ||
Sxp | 1 | 0.7907 | 0.7954 | 0.7910 | 0.7073 | 0.8194 | 0.8016 | |||
Sq | 1 | 0.9241 | 0.7070 | 0.7294 | 0.7398 | 0.7124 | ||||
Sa | 1 | 0.7209 | 0.7453 | 0.7508 | 0.7237 | |||||
Ssk | 1 | 0.7142 | 0.7723 | 0.7697 | ||||||
Sku | 1 | 0.6436 | 0.6285 | |||||||
Sdq | 1 | 0.9516 | ||||||||
Sdr | 1 |
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V (×10−5 mm3) | 8.29208 | 8.29219 | 8.29233 | 8.29252 | 8.29287 | 8.29191 | 8.29192 | 8.29209 | 8.29222 |
Vs (×10−9 mm2) | 1.658416 | 1.658438 | 1.658466 | 1.658504 | 1.658574 | 1.658382 | 1.658384 | 1.658418 | 1.658444 |
KV (×10−9 mm2) | 1 | 1.052885 | 1.120192 | 1.211538 | 1.379808 | 0.918269 | 0.923077 | 1.004808 | 1.067308 |
Sp | Sv | Sz | Sxp | Sq | Sa | Ssk | Sku | Sdq | Sdr | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ε | 0.6210 | 0.5968 | 0.5693 | 0.6263 | 0.6753 | 0.6924 | 0.6149 | 0.7172 | 0.6154 | 0.6021 |
Groups | Real Data | Simulated Value KV | Relative Error (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
B | 1.052885 | 2.063901 | 1.063901 | 1.05 |
C | 1.120192 | 3.126701 | 1.073816 | 4.14 |
D | 1.211538 | 4.458296 | 1.285219 | 6.08 |
E | 1.379808 | 5.719717 | 1.335102 | 3.24 |
F | 0.918269 | 6.678347 | 0.913924 | 0.47 |
G | 0.923077 | 7.622564 | 0.939872 | 1.82 |
H | 1.004808 | 8.604838 | 0.999069 | 0.57 |
I | 1.067308 | 9.678936 | 1.068359 | 0.10 |
Groups | fz (μm) | ae (μm) | ap (μm) | S (r/min) |
---|---|---|---|---|
M | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 8000 |
N | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 10,000 |
Groups | Sku | Sa | Sxp | Sp | Ssk |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | 2.3829 | 2.4933 | 6.8284 | 10.0332 | 0.5191 |
N | 2.4397 | 3.1024 | 8.0198 | 12.2234 | 0.3095 |
Groups | m0 (g) | m1 (g) | T (s) | s (mm) | ΔV (×10−3 mm3/mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | 22.1410 | 22.0856 | 1800 | 72,000 | 0.2803 |
N | 22.6872 | 22.4635 | 1800 | 72,000 | 0.4035 |
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Wang, B.; Zhang, W.; Liu, Z. Study of the Impact of Surface Topography on Wear Resistance. Coatings 2024, 14, 1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091128
Wang B, Zhang W, Liu Z. Study of the Impact of Surface Topography on Wear Resistance. Coatings. 2024; 14(9):1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091128
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Ben, Wei Zhang, and Zhongxun Liu. 2024. "Study of the Impact of Surface Topography on Wear Resistance" Coatings 14, no. 9: 1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091128