Activation of P2X7 Receptor Mediates the Abnormal Ovulation Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress and Chronic Cold Stress
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Experimental Grouping
2.2. Vaginal Smear
2.3. Superovulation
2.4. Hematoxylin–Eosin (H&E) Staining
2.5. Sirius Red Staining
2.6. Granulosa Cell Culture and Treatment
2.7. Cumulus–Oocyte Complex (COC) Culture and Treatment
2.8. Immunohistochemistry
2.9. Corticosterone and Progesterone Determination by ELISA
2.10. RNA Extraction and Real-Time PCR
2.11. Western Blot
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Effects of Chronic Stress on Body Weight, Serum Corticosterone Concentration and Estrous Cycle in Mice
3.2. The Corpus Luteum Number and Progesterone Were Decreased in the Chronic Stress Model
3.3. The Expression of P2X7R Was Increased in Ovaries of Chronic Stress Mice and P2X7R Antagonist Partially Rescued the Ovulation Rate of Chronic Stress Mice
3.4. P2X7R Signaling Was Involved in Cumulus Expansion by Regulating NPPC Expression
3.5. Ovarian Fibrosis Was Increased in Chronic Stress Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Sense and Antisense Primers |
---|---|
EGF | 5′-ACTCCCACCTACCCTCCTA-3′ 5′-CTGAACTGGCTCTGTCTGC-3′ |
EGFR | 5′-ACCTCTCCCGGTCAGAGATG-3′ 5′-CTTGTGCCTTGGCAGACTTTC-3′ |
EREG | 5′-TGCTTTGTCTAGGTTCCCACC-3′ 5′-GGCGGTACAGTTATCCTCGG-3′ |
AREG | 5′-GCTGAGGACAATGCAGGGTAA-3′ 5′-GTGACAACTGGGCATCTGGA-3′ |
BTC | 5′-CCTCACAGCACAGTTGATGG-3′ 5′-GGTGTTCTGGTTGTGTTCCC-3′ |
NPPC | 5′-GGTCTGGGATGTTAGTGCAGCTA-3′ 5′-TAAAAGCCACATTGCGTTGGA-3′ |
NPR2 | 5′-GCTGACCCGGCAAGTTCTGT-3′ 5′-ACAATACTCGGTGACAATGCAGAT-3′ |
β-actin | 5′-CACGATGGAGGGGCCGGACTCATC-3′ 5′-TAAAGACCTCTATGCCAACACAGT-3′ |
Group | n | Proestrus (d) | Estrus (d) | Late Estrus (d) | Estrus Interval (d) | Estrous Cycle (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 10 | 1.05 ± 0.05 | 1.27 ± 0.09 | 1.92 ± 0.15 | 1.21 ± 0.08 | 4.54 ± 0.51 |
CRS | 10 | 0.81 ± 0.04 | 1.21 ± 0.09 | 2.58 ± 0.15 * | 2.01 ± 0.09 * | 5.81 ± 0.79 * |
Control | 10 | 1.09 ± 0.16 | 1.72 ± 0.23 | 1.36 ± 0.20 | 1.27 ± 0.19 | 5.36 ± 0.52 |
CCS | 10 | 1.15 ± 0.10 | 1.38 ± 0.14 | 2.46 ± 0.29 ** | 1.76 ± 0.12 | 6.53 ± 0.63 * |
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Fan, X.; Wang, J.; Ma, Y.; Chai, D.; Han, S.; Xiao, C.; Huang, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, J.; Wang, S.; et al. Activation of P2X7 Receptor Mediates the Abnormal Ovulation Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress and Chronic Cold Stress. Biology 2024, 13, 620. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080620
Fan X, Wang J, Ma Y, Chai D, Han S, Xiao C, Huang Y, Wang X, Wang J, Wang S, et al. Activation of P2X7 Receptor Mediates the Abnormal Ovulation Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress and Chronic Cold Stress. Biology. 2024; 13(8):620. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080620
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan, Xiang, Jing Wang, Yinyin Ma, Dandan Chai, Suo Han, Chuyu Xiao, Yingtong Huang, Xiaojie Wang, Jianming Wang, Shimeng Wang, and et al. 2024. "Activation of P2X7 Receptor Mediates the Abnormal Ovulation Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress and Chronic Cold Stress" Biology 13, no. 8: 620. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080620