A Method for Power Flow Calculation in AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Networks Considering the Electric Energy Routers Based on an Alternating Iterative Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Construction of a Multi-Port EER Model
2.1. Steady-State Model of EER Port
2.2. The Construction of the Internal Power Model of the EER
2.3. Loss Situation and Control Methods of EER
3. Hybrid Power Flow Calculation Model Construction
3.1. AC Distribution Network Power Flow Calculation
3.2. DC Distribution Network Power Flow Calculation
3.3. EER Power Flow Calculation
4. The Power Flow Calculation for AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Networks Considering EERs
5. Case Study Analysis
5.1. The Verification of Power Flow Calculation for Multi-Port EERs
5.2. The Validation of Power Flow Calculation for Multi-Port and Multi-Quantity EERs
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Port Type | Number of Ports | VSC Losses | DAB Losses |
---|---|---|---|
Medium-Voltage AC Port | M | √ | × |
Low-Voltage AC Port | N | √ | √ |
Medium-Voltage DC Port | K | × | × |
Low-Voltage DC Port | T | × | √ |
Port Type | Control Strategies |
---|---|
AC Port | PQ control (active power control uses fixed control; reactive power control uses fixed control) |
PV control (active power control uses fixed control; reactive power control uses fixed control) | |
DC Port | Fixed DC voltage control |
Fixed DC active power control | |
Droop control |
Port Number | Connected Node | Control Method | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 10 kV AC Node 5 | PQ Control | 0.0276 | 0.0251 | 7.1617 | −30 | 0 |
2 | 10 kV AC Node 10 | PQ Control | 0.0276 | 0.0251 | 7.1617 | −2 | 19 |
3 | 10 kV AC Node 15 | PQ Control | 0.0276 | 0.0251 | 7.1617 | 0 | 0 |
4 | 750 V DC Node 6 | Constant P Control | 0.0578 | - | - | 8 | 0 |
5 | 380 V AC Node 4 | PQ Control | 0.0276 | 0.0251 | 7.1617 | 30 | 10 |
6 | 10 kV DC Node 4 | Constant P Control | 0.0355 | - | - | 122 | 0 |
Port Number | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | −30 | 0 | 0.9997 | 1.0000 | 0.5572 | −46.7610 |
2 | −30 | 0 | 0.9889 | 1.0003 | 0.5631 | −46.7582 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0.9786 | 1.0000 | 0 | 0 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0.9999 | - | - | - |
5 | 10 | 0 | 0.9999 | 0.9995 | 0.8883 | 9.0150 |
6 | 50 | 0 | 0.9999 | - | - | - |
EER Number | Port Number | Connected Node | Control Method | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EER1 | 1 | 380 V AC Node 3 | PQ Control | 10 | 0 |
2 | 10 kV DC Node 6 | Constant P Control | 25 | 0 | |
3 | 750 V DC Node 2 | Constant P Control | 10 | 0 | |
4 | 10 kV AC Node 11 | PQ Control | −45 | 0 | |
EER2 | 1 | 10 kV AC Node 33 | PQ Control | −40 | 0 |
2 | 10 kV AC Node 31 | PQ Control | −40 | 0 | |
3 | 10 kV DC Node 10 | Constant P Control | 35 | 0 | |
4 | 10 kV AC Node 25 | PQ Control | 35 | 0 | |
5 | 750 V DC Node 11 | Constant P Control | 0 | 0 | |
6 | 380 V AC Node 8 | PQ Control | 10 | 0 |
EER Number | Port Number | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EER1 | 1 | 0.9999 | 1.0000 | 0.8879 | 9.0164 |
2 | 0.9999 | - | - | - | |
3 | 0.9999 | - | - | - | |
4 | 0.9882 | 1.0265 | 0.8237 | −47.0761 | |
EER2 | 1 | 0.9882 | 1.000 | 0.7516 | −46.9965 |
2 | 0.9944 | 1.0003 | 0.7467 | −47.0031 | |
3 | 0.9999 | - | - | - | |
4 | 0.9748 | 0.9996 | 0.6669 | 132.8134 | |
5 | 0.9999 | - | - | - | |
6 | 0.9994 | 0.9997 | 0.8876 | 9.0267 |
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Zhao, J.; Dou, J.; Wu, Y.; Xia, H.; Duan, Q.; Dong, X.; Zhang, Y. A Method for Power Flow Calculation in AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Networks Considering the Electric Energy Routers Based on an Alternating Iterative Approach. Electronics 2024, 13, 3384. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173384
Zhao J, Dou J, Wu Y, Xia H, Duan Q, Dong X, Zhang Y. A Method for Power Flow Calculation in AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Networks Considering the Electric Energy Routers Based on an Alternating Iterative Approach. Electronics. 2024; 13(17):3384. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173384
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Jie, Jinqiu Dou, Yunzhao Wu, Huaimin Xia, Qing Duan, Xuzhu Dong, and Yiyang Zhang. 2024. "A Method for Power Flow Calculation in AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Networks Considering the Electric Energy Routers Based on an Alternating Iterative Approach" Electronics 13, no. 17: 3384. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173384