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Universe, Volume 5, Issue 3

2019 March - 20 articles

Cover Story: Supposing that cosmological time is a quantum observable that does not commute with other quantum operators essential for the definition of cosmological states—notably the cosmological constant—then, the Universe may be "delocalized" in time: it does not know the time, a property which opens up new cosmological scenarios. It would also invalidate several paradoxes, such as the timelike tower of turtles associated with an omnipresent timeline. Alternatively, a Universe with a sharply defined clock time must have an indeterminate cosmological constant. The challenge then is to explain how islands of localized time may emerge and give rise to localized histories. View this paper.
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Articles (20)

  • Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,096 Views
31 Pages

This manuscript aims at giving new advances on the functional renormalization group applied to the tensorial group field theory. It is based on the series of our three papers (Lahoche, et al., Class. Quantum Gravity 2018, 35, 19), (Lahoche, et al., P...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,871 Views
14 Pages

A Universe that Does Not Know the Time

  • João Magueijo and
  • Lee Smolin

In this paper, we propose that cosmological time is a quantum observable that does not commute with other quantum operators essential for the definition of cosmological states, notably the cosmological constant. This is inspired by properties of a me...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,256 Views
17 Pages

Anti-Newtonian expansions are introduced for scalar quantum field theories and classical gravity. They expand around a limiting theory that evolves only in time while the spatial points are dynamically decoupled. Higher orders of the expansion re-int...

  • Article
  • Open Access
94 Citations
4,556 Views
34 Pages

Scale Transformations in Metric-Affine Geometry

  • Damianos Iosifidis and
  • Tomi Koivisto

This article presents an exhaustive classification of metric-affine theories according to their scale symmetries. First it is clarified that there are three relevant definitions of a scale transformation. These correspond to a projective transformati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,168 Views
10 Pages

In particular, Riemann’s impact on mathematics and physics alike is demonstrated using methods originating from the theory of numbers and from quantum electrodynamics, i.e., from the behavior of an electron in a prescribed external electromagnetic fi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,102 Views
25 Pages

Revisiting the fast fermion damping rate calculation in a thermalized QED and/or QCD plasma in thermal equilibrium at four-loop order, focus is put on a peculiar perturbative structure which has no equivalent at zero-temperature. Not surprisingly, an...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,973 Views
25 Pages

Explaining Defects of the Universal Vacua with Black Holes-Hedgehogs and Strings

  • C. R. Das,
  • L. V. Laperashvili,
  • H. B. Nielsen and
  • B. G. Sidharth

Assuming the Multiple Point Principle (MPP) as a new law of Nature, we considered the existence of the two degenerate vacua of the Universe: (a) the first Electroweak (EW) vacuum at v 1 246 GeV—“true vacuum”, and (...

  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,974 Views
16 Pages

We review the study of the scaling properties of geometric operators, such as the geodesic length and the volume of hypersurfaces, in the context of the Asymptotic Safety scenario for quantum gravity. We discuss the use of such operators and how they...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,171 Views
20 Pages

We discuss the particle horizon problem in the framework of spatially homogeneous and isotropic scalar cosmologies. To this purpose we consider a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime with possibly non-zero spatial sectional curvature...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
4,394 Views
17 Pages

Bounce Cosmology in Generalized Modified Gravities

  • Georgios Minas,
  • Emmanuel N. Saridakis,
  • Panayiotis C. Stavrinos and
  • Alkiviadis Triantafyllopoulos

We investigate the bounce realization in the framework of generalized modified gravities arising from Finsler and Finsler-like geometries. In particular, a richer intrinsic geometrical structure is reflected in the appearance of extra degrees of free...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,038 Views
11 Pages

A New Approach to Calorimetry in Space-Based Experiments for High-Energy Cosmic Rays

  • Gabriele Bigongiari,
  • Oscar Adriani,
  • Sebastiano Albergo,
  • Giovanni Ambrosi,
  • Lucrezia Auditore,
  • Andrea Basti,
  • Eugenio Berti,
  • Lorenzo Bonechi,
  • Simone Bonechi and
  • Nicola Zampa
  • + 38 authors

Precise measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays in the PeV region could improve our knowledge regarding their origin, acceleration mechanism, propagation, and composition. At the present time, spectral measurements in...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,272 Views
8 Pages

Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) remains one of the most promising dark matter candidates. Many experiments around the world are searching for WIMPs and the best current sensitivity to WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section is about ...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,522 Views
53 Pages

The recently proposed holography-inspired approach to quantum gravity is reviewed and expanded. The approach is based on the foliation of the background spacetime and reduction of the offshell states to the physical states. Careful attention is paid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,431 Views
10 Pages

Directed Flow in Microscopic Models in Relativistic A+A Collisions

  • Larissa Bravina,
  • Yurii Kvasiuk,
  • Sergey Sivoklokov,
  • Oleksandr Vitiuk and
  • Evgeny Zabrodin

Evolution of directed flow of charged particles produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at energies 4 s 19.6 GeV is considered within two microscopic transport models, ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,129 Views
8 Pages

On the Causal and Topological Structure of the 2-Dimensional Minkowski Space

  • Kyriakos Papadopoulos,
  • Nazli Kurt and
  • Basil K. Papadopoulos

A list of all possible causal relations in the two-dimensional Minkowski space M is exhausted, based on the duality between timelike and spacelike in this particular case, and thirty topologies are introduced, all of them encapsulating the causal str...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,454 Views
23 Pages

Matter Growth in Imperfect Fluid Cosmology

  • Winfried Zimdahl,
  • Hermano E.S. Velten and
  • William C. Algoner

Extensions of Einstein’s General Relativity (GR) can formally be given a GR structure in which additional geometric degrees of freedom are mapped on an effective energy-momentum tensor. The corresponding effective cosmic medium can then be mode...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,080 Views
21 Pages

Vacuum Effective Actions and Mass-Dependent Renormalization in Curved Space

  • Sebastián A. Franchino-Viñas,
  • Tibério de Paula Netto and
  • Omar Zanusso

28 February 2019

We review past and present results on the non-local form-factors of the effective action of semiclassical gravity in two and four dimensions computed by means of a covariant expansion of the heat kernel up to the second order in the curvatures. We di...

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Universe - ISSN 2218-1997