Finding My Drumbeat: Applying Lessons Learned from Remo Ruffini to Understanding Astrophysical Transients
Abstract
:1. Introduction: Bandwagon Science
2. Gamma-Ray Bursts
2.1. Gamma-Ray Emission
2.2. GRB Engines
2.3. GRB Progenitors
3. Supernovae
3.1. Thermonuclear Supernovae
3.2. Core-Collapse Supernovae
4. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NS | Neutron Star |
NSAD | Neutron Star Accretion Disk |
BHAD | Black Hole Accretion Disk |
GRB | Gamma-Ray Burst |
BH | Black Hole |
SN | Supernova |
CCSN | Core-Collapse Supernova |
1 | It is worth noting that magnetar and NSAD disk engines require even more angular momentum. |
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Engine | Power | Lorentz Factor | Duration | Formation |
---|---|---|---|---|
BHAD | Yes (depending on beaming) | Yes (disk wind is off-axis) | Duration limited to accretion timescale and black hole size | |
Magnetar | Yes (depending on beaming and rotation) | ??? (must overcome neutron-star wind) | Duration can extend beyond accretion | Needs high rotation rates; Why does accretion not bury magnetic fields? |
NSAD | Yes (simiar to BHAD) | ??? (must overcome neutron-star wind) | Duration limited to accretion timescale (NS collapse features?) | Needs high rotation rates |
Scenario | Duration | Location | Angular Momentum | Associated Transient | Circumstellar Medium |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Massive Star | |||||
Wind Mass-Loss | Long bursts | Star-forming regions | Difficult/impossible | Type Ib/Ic | Wind profile |
Common Envelope | Long bursts | Star-forming regions | Tidal spin-up | Type Ib/Ic (Tidal Spins could limit to Ic) | Wind plus shell |
He–He Merger | Long bursts | Star-forming regions | Difficult | Type Ib/Ic | Wind plus shell |
Helium Merger | Long and ultra-long bursts | Star-forming regions and slightly beyond | Can have too much angular momentum | Type Ib/Ic | Wind plus shell |
Binaries | |||||
NS/NS | Short bursts | Off-set | ∼10 km disk | Disk ejecta only (Kilonova) | Interstellar or intergalactic medium |
NS/BH | Short bursts | Off-set | Disk forms for subset | Disk ejecta only (Kilonova) | Interstellar or intergalactic medium |
WD/(BH/NS) | Long bursts | Mild off-set | ∼10,000 km disk | Fast supernova from disk wind | Mostly interstellar medium |
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Fryer, C. Finding My Drumbeat: Applying Lessons Learned from Remo Ruffini to Understanding Astrophysical Transients. Universe 2023, 9, 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9060268
Fryer C. Finding My Drumbeat: Applying Lessons Learned from Remo Ruffini to Understanding Astrophysical Transients. Universe. 2023; 9(6):268. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9060268
Chicago/Turabian StyleFryer, Chris. 2023. "Finding My Drumbeat: Applying Lessons Learned from Remo Ruffini to Understanding Astrophysical Transients" Universe 9, no. 6: 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9060268