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Biomolecules
Volume 14
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10.3390/biom14020187
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Review

LILRB4 Checkpoint for Immunotherapy: Structure, Mechanism and Disease Targets

by
Zhiqing Xiang
,
Xiangli Yin
,
Leiyan Wei
,
Manqing Peng
,
Quan Zhu
,
Xiaofang Lu
,
Junshuang Guo
,
Jing Zhang
,
Xin Li
and
Yizhou Zou
*
Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2024, 14(2), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14020187
Submission received: 22 December 2023 / Revised: 26 January 2024 / Accepted: 1 February 2024 / Published: 4 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune-Related Biomarkers: 2nd Edition)
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Abstract

LILRB4, a myeloid inhibitory receptor belonging to the family of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs/LIRs), plays a pivotal role in the regulation of immune tolerance. LILRB4 primarily mediates suppressive immune responses by transmitting inhibitory signals through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). This immune checkpoint molecule has gained considerable attention due to its potent regulatory functions. Its ability to induce effector T cell dysfunction and promote T suppressor cell differentiation has been demonstrated, indicating the therapeutic potential of LILRB4 for modulating excessive immune responses, particularly in autoimmune diseases or the induction of transplant tolerance. Additionally, through intervening with LILRB4 molecules, immune system responsiveness can be adjusted, representing significant value in areas such as cancer treatment. Thus, LILRB4 has emerged as a key player in addressing autoimmune diseases, transplant tolerance induction, and other medical issues. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of LILRB4, encompassing its structure, expression, and ligand molecules as well as its role as a tolerance receptor. By exploring the involvement of LILRB4 in various diseases, its significance in disease progression is emphasized. Furthermore, we propose that the manipulation of LILRB4 represents a promising immunotherapeutic strategy and highlight its potential in disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis.
Keywords: LILRB4; checkpoint; immune tolerance; tolerogenic cell LILRB4; checkpoint; immune tolerance; tolerogenic cell

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xiang, Z.; Yin, X.; Wei, L.; Peng, M.; Zhu, Q.; Lu, X.; Guo, J.; Zhang, J.; Li, X.; Zou, Y. LILRB4 Checkpoint for Immunotherapy: Structure, Mechanism and Disease Targets. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14020187

AMA Style

Xiang Z, Yin X, Wei L, Peng M, Zhu Q, Lu X, Guo J, Zhang J, Li X, Zou Y. LILRB4 Checkpoint for Immunotherapy: Structure, Mechanism and Disease Targets. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(2):187. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14020187

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiang, Zhiqing, Xiangli Yin, Leiyan Wei, Manqing Peng, Quan Zhu, Xiaofang Lu, Junshuang Guo, Jing Zhang, Xin Li, and Yizhou Zou. 2024. "LILRB4 Checkpoint for Immunotherapy: Structure, Mechanism and Disease Targets" Biomolecules 14, no. 2: 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14020187

APA Style

Xiang, Z., Yin, X., Wei, L., Peng, M., Zhu, Q., Lu, X., Guo, J., Zhang, J., Li, X., & Zou, Y. (2024). LILRB4 Checkpoint for Immunotherapy: Structure, Mechanism and Disease Targets. Biomolecules, 14(2), 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14020187

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