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Review

How Transcription Factor Clusters Shape the Transcriptional Landscape

Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Biomolecules 2024, 14(7), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14070875 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 1 June 2024 / Revised: 14 July 2024 / Accepted: 16 July 2024 / Published: 20 July 2024

Abstract

In eukaryotic cells, gene transcription typically occurs in discrete periods of promoter activity, interspersed with intervals of inactivity. This pattern deviates from simple stochastic events and warrants a closer examination of the molecular interactions that activate the promoter. Recent studies have identified transcription factor (TF) clusters as key precursors to transcriptional bursting. Often, these TF clusters form at chromatin segments that are physically distant from the promoter, making changes in chromatin conformation crucial for promoter–TF cluster interactions. In this review, I explore the formation and constituents of TF clusters, examining how the dynamic interplay between chromatin architecture and TF clustering influences transcriptional bursting. Additionally, I discuss techniques for visualizing TF clusters and provide an outlook on understanding the remaining gaps in this field.
Keywords: transcription; gene regulation; biomolecular condensates; transcription factor; clusters; microscopy transcription; gene regulation; biomolecular condensates; transcription factor; clusters; microscopy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Munshi, R. How Transcription Factor Clusters Shape the Transcriptional Landscape. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 875. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14070875

AMA Style

Munshi R. How Transcription Factor Clusters Shape the Transcriptional Landscape. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(7):875. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14070875

Chicago/Turabian Style

Munshi, Rahul. 2024. "How Transcription Factor Clusters Shape the Transcriptional Landscape" Biomolecules 14, no. 7: 875. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14070875

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