Vitis vinifera L. Pruning Waste for Bud-Preparations as Source of Phenolic Compounds–Traditional and Innovative Extraction Techniques to Produce New Natural Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Total Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity
2.2. UV–Visible/Fluorescence Spectroscopy and HPLC Fingerprint
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material
3.2. Preparation of Bud-Derivatives
3.2.1. Traditional Maceration
3.2.2. Pulsed Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
3.3. Spectroscopic Analysis: Fluorescence and UV–Visible Fingerprint
3.3.1. UV–Vis Spectroscopy
3.3.2. Fluorescence Spectroscopy
3.4. HPLC Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Analysis
3.5. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Caffeic Acid | Chlorogenic Acid | Coumaric Acid | Ferulic Acid | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | ID | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | |||
COMPANY_1 | C1 | 8.36 | 0.31 | a | n.d. | / | / | n.d. | / | / | 168.62 | 9.81 | a | |||
COMPANY_2 | C2 | 8.22 | 0.17 | a | n.d. | / | / | n.d. | / | / | 190.01 | 5.51 | b | |||
MACERATE | M | 7.86 | 0.19 | a | n.d. | / | / | n.d. | / | / | 234.44 | 9.51 | c | |||
ULTRASOUND | US | 9.91 | 0.25 | b | n.d. | / | / | n.d. | / | / | 227.43 | 5.83 | c | |||
Hyperoside | Isoquercitrin | Quercetin | Quercitrin | Rutin | ||||||||||||
Sample | ID | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test |
COMPANY_1 | C1 | n.d. | / | / | n.d. | / | / | 79.77 | 3.61 | a | 89.99 | 8.90 | a | 26.74 | 1.16 | a |
COMPANY_2 | C2 | n.d. | / | / | n.d. | / | / | 91.23 | 3.74 | a | 105.95 | 5.86 | ab | 31.45 | 2.79 | a |
MACERATE | M | n.d. | / | / | n.d. | / | / | 111.44 | 5.58 | b | 127.28 | 9.18 | b | 45.71 | 3.03 | b |
ULTRASOUND | US | n.d. | / | / | n.d. | / | / | 106.86 | 8.71 | b | 356.10 | 9.85 | c | 95.86 | 4.12 | c |
Ellagic Acid | Gallic acid | Catechin | Epicatechin | |||||||||||||
Sample | ID | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | Mean Value | SD | Tukey Test | |||
COMPANY_1 | C1 | 203.24 | 0.99 | a | 21.92 | 0.74 | a | 149.34 | 1.95 | ab | 42.37 | 2.59 | a | |||
COMPANY_2 | C2 | 208.09 | 3.59 | a | 29.16 | 11.30 | a | 157.25 | 2.02 | b | 44.99 | 1.38 | ab | |||
MACERATE | M | 222.35 | 1.03 | b | 29.42 | 0.69 | a | 145.13 | 5.15 | a | 67.67 | 2.85 | c | |||
ULTRASOUND | US | 223.77 | 1.35 | b | 23.59 | 0.53 | a | 145.37 | 3.90 | a | 50.11 | 1.81 | b |
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Donno, D.; Turrini, F.; Boggia, R.; Guido, M.; Gamba, G.; Mellano, M.G.; Riondato, I.; Beccaro, G.L. Vitis vinifera L. Pruning Waste for Bud-Preparations as Source of Phenolic Compounds–Traditional and Innovative Extraction Techniques to Produce New Natural Products. Plants 2021, 10, 2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112233
Donno D, Turrini F, Boggia R, Guido M, Gamba G, Mellano MG, Riondato I, Beccaro GL. Vitis vinifera L. Pruning Waste for Bud-Preparations as Source of Phenolic Compounds–Traditional and Innovative Extraction Techniques to Produce New Natural Products. Plants. 2021; 10(11):2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112233
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonno, Dario, Federica Turrini, Raffaella Boggia, Maddalena Guido, Giovanni Gamba, Maria Gabriella Mellano, Isidoro Riondato, and Gabriele Loris Beccaro. 2021. "Vitis vinifera L. Pruning Waste for Bud-Preparations as Source of Phenolic Compounds–Traditional and Innovative Extraction Techniques to Produce New Natural Products" Plants 10, no. 11: 2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112233