Polysulfides Applied as Formulated Garlic Extract to Protect Tomato Plants against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. In Vitro Effect of Solubelized NEMguard® DE on M. incognita Motility
2.2. Efficacy of NEMguard® DE against M. incognita in Small Pots
2.3. Efficacy of NEMguard® DE against M. incognita under Large-Scale Greenhouse Conditions
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Preperation of Nematode Inoculum
3.2. In Vitro Effect of NEMguard DE on Second Stage Juvenile Meloidogyne incognita Motility
3.3. Small-Scale Greenhouse Test of NEMguard® DE against Meloidogyne incognita
3.4. Nematical Effect of NEMguard® DE against Meloidogyne incognita under a Large-Scale Tomato Trial
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NEMguard® DE | Nematode Movement (%) | NaOH | Gall Index | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exposure Time | Concentration mg/mL | N (%) | A (%) | I (%) | D (%) | |
24 h | 0 (control) | 100 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 0 | 6.2 a |
0.25 | 90.7 b | 9.0 b | 0.3 a | 0 | 6.5 a | |
0.5 | 1.9 c | 89.6 c | 8.5 c | 15 | 4.3 b | |
1 | 0.2 c | 72.5 d | 27.3 d | 23 | 0.8 c | |
2 | 0.2 c | 66.5 d | 33.3 d | 39.8 | 0.4 c | |
48 h | 0 (control) | 100 a | 0.0 a | 0.0 a | 0 | 6.4 a |
0.25 | 65.1 b | 34.5 b | 0.4 a | 0 | 6.2 a | |
0.5 | 0 c | 85.8 c | 14.2 b | 26 | 2.6 b | |
1 | 0.0 c | 39.7 b | 60.3 c | 65.9 | 0.0 c | |
2 | 0.0 c | 38.2 b | 61.8 c | 69.3 * | 0.0 c | |
96 h | 0 (control) | 98.4 a | 1.4 a | 0.2 a | 0 | 6 a |
0.25 | 74.9 b | 24.5 b | 0.6 a | 0 | 5.8 a | |
0.5 | 0.0 c | 71 c | 28.2 b | 22.5 | 2.4 b | |
1 | 0.0 c | 6.1 a | 93.9 c | 85.1 * | 1.2 bc | |
2 | 0.0 c | 3.6 a | 96.4 c | 95.1 | 0.0 c |
Treatment | GI 31 DAP | GI 59 DAP |
---|---|---|
pControl | 5.7 ± 0.8 a | 7.3 ± 0.5 a |
NEMguard 1 | 4.8 ± 0.8 ab | 6.3 ± 0.5 b |
NEMguard 2 | 4.2 ± 0.8 b | 5.5 ± 0.6 c |
Title 1 | Plant Height (cm) | Plant Fresh Weight (g) | Plant Dry Weight (g) | Root Fresh Weight (g) | Root Dry Weight (g) | Root Dry Matter (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nControl | 79.0 ± 11.6 a | 31.7 ± 7.0 a | 4.0 ± 1.2 a | 10.3 ± 3.1 a | 0.9 ± 0.2 a | 9.3 ± 3.3 a |
pControl | 72.5 ± 9.0 a | 31.3 ± 7.6 a | 3.8 ± 1.4 a | 10.4 ± 1.9 a | 0.9 ± 0.2 a | 8.8 ± 1.1 a |
NEMguard 1 | 75.0 ± 5.7 a | 32.7 ± 2.3 a | 4.3 ± 1.0 a | 9.5 ± 1.3 a | 0.9 ± 0.1 a | 9.7 ± 1.5 a |
NEMguard 2 | 77.5 ± 8.2 a | 33.5 ± 6.0 a | 4.7 ± 1.5 a | 10.5 ± 1.9 a | 1.1 ± 0.3 a | 10.8 ± 2.2 a |
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Eder, R.; Consoli, E.; Krauss, J.; Dahlin, P. Polysulfides Applied as Formulated Garlic Extract to Protect Tomato Plants against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Plants 2021, 10, 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020394
Eder R, Consoli E, Krauss J, Dahlin P. Polysulfides Applied as Formulated Garlic Extract to Protect Tomato Plants against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Plants. 2021; 10(2):394. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020394
Chicago/Turabian StyleEder, Reinhard, Erika Consoli, Jürgen Krauss, and Paul Dahlin. 2021. "Polysulfides Applied as Formulated Garlic Extract to Protect Tomato Plants against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita" Plants 10, no. 2: 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020394