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Article

Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip

by
Alicia Villacampa
1,
Ludovico Sora
1,2,
Raúl Herranz
1,
Francisco-Javier Medina
1 and
Malgorzata Ciska
1,*
1
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2021, 10(4), 734; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040734
Submission received: 10 March 2021 / Revised: 5 April 2021 / Accepted: 6 April 2021 / Published: 9 April 2021

Abstract

Clinorotation was the first method designed to simulate microgravity on ground and it remains the most common and accessible simulation procedure. However, different experimental settings, namely angular velocity, sample orientation, and distance to the rotation center produce different responses in seedlings. Here, we compare A. thaliana root responses to the two most commonly used velocities, as examples of slow and fast clinorotation, and to vertical and horizontal clinorotation. We investigate their impact on the three stages of gravitropism: statolith sedimentation, asymmetrical auxin distribution, and differential elongation. We also investigate the statocyte ultrastructure by electron microscopy. Horizontal slow clinorotation induces changes in the statocyte ultrastructure related to a stress response and internalization of the PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2) auxin transporter in the lower endodermis, probably due to enhanced mechano-stimulation. Additionally, fast clinorotation, as predicted, is only suitable within a very limited radius from the clinorotation center and triggers directional root growth according to the direction of the centrifugal force. Our study provides a full morphological picture of the stages of graviresponse in the root tip, and it is a valuable contribution to the field of microgravity simulation by clarifying the limitations of 2D-clinostats and proposing a proper use.
Keywords: microgravity simulation; gravitropism; gravity perception; plant; clinostat microgravity simulation; gravitropism; gravity perception; plant; clinostat

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MDPI and ACS Style

Villacampa, A.; Sora, L.; Herranz, R.; Medina, F.-J.; Ciska, M. Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip. Plants 2021, 10, 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040734

AMA Style

Villacampa A, Sora L, Herranz R, Medina F-J, Ciska M. Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip. Plants. 2021; 10(4):734. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040734

Chicago/Turabian Style

Villacampa, Alicia, Ludovico Sora, Raúl Herranz, Francisco-Javier Medina, and Malgorzata Ciska. 2021. "Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip" Plants 10, no. 4: 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040734

APA Style

Villacampa, A., Sora, L., Herranz, R., Medina, F.-J., & Ciska, M. (2021). Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip. Plants, 10(4), 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040734

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