Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression Profiling Revealed Its Role in Regulating Stress Responses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Identification of the StMAPKs
2.2. Multiple Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.3. Chromosomal Locations, Synteny, and Selective Pressure Analysis
2.4. Gene Structure Analysis and Conserved Motif Identification
2.5. Cis-Elements Analysis
2.6. Expression Analysis of MAPK Genes
2.7. Plant Material and Sample Collection
2.8. RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Identification and Physiological Properties of MAPK Genes
3.2. Multiple Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analysis of MAPK Genes
3.3. Gene Structure and Conserved Motif Analysis
3.4. Chromosomal Distribution of MAPK Genes and Cis-Element Analysis
3.5. Gene Duplications of MAPK Genes
3.6. Comparative Synteny Analysis of Identified MAPK Protein Sequences
3.7. Tissue-Specific Expression Profiling
3.8. Expression Patterns of StMAPK Genes in Response to Heat Stress
3.9. Expression Patterns of StMAPK Genes in Response to Phytohormones
3.10. RT-qPCR Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | CDS | Genomic | Transcript Name | Location | Star-End | No. of Amino Acids | Molecular Weight | pI | Sub-Cellular Localization |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
StMAPKs1 | 927 | 5139 | PGSC0003DMT400000192 | ST4.03ch01 | 72545240..72550378 | 308 | 35404.2 | 6.13 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs2 | 1233 | 5729 | PGSC0003DMT400001392 | ST4.03ch02 | 47182708..47188436 | 410 | 46208.71 | 8.43 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs3 | 1728 | 6847 | PGSC0003DMT400006281 | ST4.03ch12 | 39794625..39801471 | 575 | 65699.51 | 6.47 | Nuclear |
StMAPKs4 | 1113 | 2442 | PGSC0003DMT400009066 | ST4.03ch02 | 40117154..40119595 | 370 | 42708.53 | 8.02 | Nuclear |
StMAPKs5 | 1119 | 4960 | PGSC0003DMT400009491 | ST4.03ch04 | 70130371..70135330 | 372 | 42825.56 | 6.32 | Nuclear |
StMAPKs6 | 1260 | 3087 | PGSC0003DMT400011136 | ST4.03ch01 | 61223835..61226921 | 419 | 48384.75 | 8.37 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs7 | 1521 | 5963 | PGSC0003DMT400015241 | ST4.03ch06 | 54220156..54226118 | 506 | 56582.89 | 9.31 | Nuclear |
StMAPKs8 | 1488 | 5700 | PGSC0003DMT400015263 | ST4.03ch04 | 2187114..2192813 | 495 | 56445.57 | 6.61 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs9 | 1284 | 3577 | PGSC0003DMT400018187 | ST4.03ch07 | 52242577..52246153 | 427 | 49320.14 | 9.03 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs10 | 948 | 1716 | PGSC0003DMT400025910 | ST4.03ch04 | 72007479..72009194 | 315 | 36055 | 8.88 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs11 | 1140 | 3080 | PGSC0003DMT400031773 | ST4.03ch08 | 55187632..55190711 | 379 | 43454.69 | 5.91 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs12 | 1842 | 4908 | PGSC0003DMT400044709 | ST4.03ch07 | 51103717..51108624 | 613 | 69709.84 | 9.25 | Nuclear |
StMAPKs13 | 885 | 6714 | PGSC0003DMT400047739 | ST4.03ch11 | 42450013..42456726 | 294 | 33480.78 | 7.09 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs14 | 1314 | 6102 | PGSC0003DMT400051979 | ST4.03ch06 | 58205983..58212084 | 437 | 49665 | 5.44 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs15 | 1782 | 4917 | PGSC0003DMT400054750 | ST4.03ch10 | 2533056..2537972 | 593 | 67184.24 | 9.22 | Nuclear |
StMAPKs16 | 1131 | 4243 | PGSC0003DMT400055751 | ST4.03ch05 | 44001222..44005494 | 376 | 43056.15 | 6.76 | Nuclear |
StMAPKs17 | 1119 | 4136 | PGSC0003DMT400065261 | ST4.03ch11 | 44614589..44618724 | 372 | 42685.76 | 4.97 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs18 | 1818 | 5991 | PGSC0003DMT400074096 | ST4.03ch06 | 50702397..50708387 | 605 | 69042.25 | 7.07 | Nuclear |
StMAPKs19 | 885 | 5909 | PGSC0003DMT400075349 | ST4.03ch12 | 57689402..57694310 | 294 | 33688.02 | 7.12 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs20 | 1112 | 3862 | PGSC0003DMT400077272 | ST4.03ch06 | 7463661..7467522 | 373 | 42891.19 | 5.53 | Cytoplasmic |
StMAPKs21 | 1536 | 2855 | PGSC0003DMT400078323 | ST4.03ch05 | 4324632..4327486 | 511 | 58650.61 | 6.01 | Nuclear |
StMAPKs22 | 948 | 948 | PGSC0003DMT400086876 | ST4.03ch08 | 4905365..4906312 | 315 | 36394.48 | 9.4 | Cytoplasmic |
Seq_1 | Seq_2 | Ka | Ks | Ka_Ks | Time (MYA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
StMAPKs3 | StMAPKs18 | 0.1025318 | 0.5577344 | 0.1838362 | 19.717651 |
StMAPKs9 | StMAPKs15 | 0.0786731 | 0.5823474 | 0.1350966 | 15.129448 |
StMAPKs8 | StMAPKs21 | 0.1247762 | 0.5100702 | 0.2446256 | 23.995425 |
StMAPKs4 | StMAPKs5 | 0.1439549 | NaN | NaN | 27.683632 |
StMAPKs1 | StMAPKs16 | 0.08686 | 0.4515929 | 0.1923414 | 16.703851 |
StMAPKs2 | StMAPKs12 | 0.623371 | 3.7728284 | 0.1652264 | 119.87904 |
StMAPKs13 | StMAPKs19 | 0.0515455 | 0.5004247 | 0.1030036 | 9.9126019 |
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Zaynab, M.; Hussain, A.; Sharif, Y.; Fatima, M.; Sajid, M.; Rehman, N.; Yang, X.; Khan, K.A.; Ghramh, H.A.; Li, S. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression Profiling Revealed Its Role in Regulating Stress Responses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum). Plants 2021, 10, 1371. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071371
Zaynab M, Hussain A, Sharif Y, Fatima M, Sajid M, Rehman N, Yang X, Khan KA, Ghramh HA, Li S. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression Profiling Revealed Its Role in Regulating Stress Responses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum). Plants. 2021; 10(7):1371. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071371
Chicago/Turabian StyleZaynab, Madiha, Athar Hussain, Yasir Sharif, Mahpara Fatima, Mateen Sajid, Nazia Rehman, Xuewei Yang, Khalid Ali Khan, Hamed A. Ghramh, and Shuangfei Li. 2021. "Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Expression Profiling Revealed Its Role in Regulating Stress Responses in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)" Plants 10, no. 7: 1371. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071371