Enhanced Cd-Accumulation in Typha latifolia by Interaction with Pseudomonas rhodesiae GRC140 under Axenic Hydroponic Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Plant Authentication
2.2. T. latifolia Culture under Axenic Hydroponic Conditions
2.3. Chemical Modeling of Cd Bioavailability in Hydroponics without Glucose
2.4. Cadmium Toxicity Effects on T. latifolia in Hydroponic Culture
2.5. Cd Accumulation and Removal by T. latifolia Plants in the Hydroponic System
2.6. Effect of P. rhodesiae GRC140 and IAA on T. latifolia Exposed to Cd
2.7. Effect of P. rhodesiae GRC140 and IAA on Cd Uptake
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material Sampling and Authentication
3.2. Establishment and Cultivation of Axenic T. latifolia Hydroponic Culture
3.3. Cadmium Plant Treatments and Chemical Modeling of Cd Bioavailability
3.4. P. rhodesiae GRC140 and IAA Treatments in Plants Exposed to Cd
3.5. Chlorophyll Quantification
3.6. Electrolyte Leakage
3.7. Catalase Activity and Total Glutathione Content
3.8. Cadmium Analysis
3.9. Bacteria Growth in the Hydroponic Systems and Root Colonization
3.10. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species (%) | Cd Concentration (mg/L) | ||
---|---|---|---|
10 | 20 | 40 | |
Cd2+ | 66.70 | 75.86 | 79.70 |
CdCl+ | 5.60 | 7.11 | 9.03 |
CdCl2 (aq) | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
CdSO4 (aq) | 1.90 | 2.17 | 2.21 |
CdNH32+ | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
CdNO3+ | 1.06 | 1.20 | 1.25 |
CdHPO4 (aq) | 1.42 | 1.60 | 1.64 |
CdEDTA2− | 23.14 | 11.94 | 6.06 |
CdHEDTA− | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
Dissolved (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Precipitated (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cd Concentration (mg/L) | Cd Content (mg/Kg DW) | BCF | TF | Cd Removal (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoots | Roots | ||||
0 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
10 | 406 ± 59 b | 2970 ± 65 c | 509 ± 96 a | 0.18 ± 0.04 a | 37 ± 3.8 a |
20 | 668 ± 73 a | 3275 ± 15 b | 340 ± 38 b | 0.24 ± 0.01 a | 43 ± 6.3 a |
40 | 739 ± 24 a | 3520 ± 105 a | 126 ± 16 c | 0.23 ± 0.03 a | 22 ± 5.3 b |
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Rolón-Cárdenas, G.A.; Martínez-Martínez, J.G.; Arvizu-Gómez, J.L.; Soria-Guerra, R.E.; Alfaro-De la Torre, M.C.; Alatorre-Cobos, F.; Rubio-Santiago, J.; González-Balderas, R.d.M.; Carranza-Álvarez, C.; Macías-Pérez, J.R.; et al. Enhanced Cd-Accumulation in Typha latifolia by Interaction with Pseudomonas rhodesiae GRC140 under Axenic Hydroponic Conditions. Plants 2022, 11, 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111447
Rolón-Cárdenas GA, Martínez-Martínez JG, Arvizu-Gómez JL, Soria-Guerra RE, Alfaro-De la Torre MC, Alatorre-Cobos F, Rubio-Santiago J, González-Balderas RdM, Carranza-Álvarez C, Macías-Pérez JR, et al. Enhanced Cd-Accumulation in Typha latifolia by Interaction with Pseudomonas rhodesiae GRC140 under Axenic Hydroponic Conditions. Plants. 2022; 11(11):1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111447
Chicago/Turabian StyleRolón-Cárdenas, Gisela Adelina, Joana Guadalupe Martínez-Martínez, Jackeline Lizzeta Arvizu-Gómez, Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra, Ma. Catalina Alfaro-De la Torre, Fulgencio Alatorre-Cobos, Jesús Rubio-Santiago, Regina de Montserrat González-Balderas, Candy Carranza-Álvarez, José Roberto Macías-Pérez, and et al. 2022. "Enhanced Cd-Accumulation in Typha latifolia by Interaction with Pseudomonas rhodesiae GRC140 under Axenic Hydroponic Conditions" Plants 11, no. 11: 1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111447