Low Concentration of Aluminum-Stimulated Pollen Tube Growth of Apples (Malus domestica)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. 20 µM AlCl3 Affected M. domestica Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth
2.2. Effect of 20 µM AlCl3 on Ca2+ Flux and [Ca2+]c in Pollen Tubes of M. domestica
2.3. Effect of 20 µM AlCl3 on Actin Filaments in Pollen Tubes of M. domestica
2.4. Effect of 20 µM AlCl3 on Distribution of Cellulose and Callose in Pollen Tube Cell Wall of M. domestica
2.5. Effects of 20 µM AlCl3 on Distribution of Pectins in Pollen Tube Cell Wall of M. domestica
2.6. Effects of 20 µM AlCl3 on Chemical Composition of Pollen Tube Cell Wall of M. domestica
3. Discussion
3.1. Relationship among Al, Ca2+ Flux and [Ca2+]c
3.2. Al Altered the Deposition of Pollen Tube Wall Components
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Pollen Culture
4.2. Measurement of Extracellular Ca2+ Flux
4.3. Fluorescence Labeling of Pollen Tube Cytoplasmic [Ca2+]c
4.4. Fluorescence Labeling of Actin Filaments
4.5. Fluorescence Localization and Analysis of Pollen Tube Wall Components
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Concentration of AlCl3/µM | Germination Rate/% | Pollen Tube Length/μm |
---|---|---|
0 | 35.09 ± 2.33 cd | 101.83 ± 8.18 c |
10 | 42.07 ± 1.90 bc | 138.46 ± 8.92 b |
20 | 57.25 ± 3.29 a | 142.36 ± 4.80 ab |
30 | 42.88 ± 1.72 b | 141.88 ± 7.21 ab |
50 | 33.89 ± 2.98 d | 144.64 ± 10.47 ab |
100 | 31.97 ± 1.37 d | 147.43 ± 7.85 a |
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Zhang, C.; Xie, P.; Zhang, Q.; Xing, Y.; Cao, Q.; Qin, L.; Fang, K. Low Concentration of Aluminum-Stimulated Pollen Tube Growth of Apples (Malus domestica). Plants 2022, 11, 1705. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131705
Zhang C, Xie P, Zhang Q, Xing Y, Cao Q, Qin L, Fang K. Low Concentration of Aluminum-Stimulated Pollen Tube Growth of Apples (Malus domestica). Plants. 2022; 11(13):1705. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131705
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Chen, Pengxue Xie, Qing Zhang, Yu Xing, Qingqin Cao, Ling Qin, and Kefeng Fang. 2022. "Low Concentration of Aluminum-Stimulated Pollen Tube Growth of Apples (Malus domestica)" Plants 11, no. 13: 1705. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131705