Large-Scale Heat-Tolerance Screening and Genetic Diversity of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Germplasms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Heat Stress during Heat-Tolerance Screenings
2.2. Field Survival Rate of Pea Accessions at Different Sowing Stages
2.3. Sowing Stages Affected the Grain Weight Per Plant
2.4. Evaluation of Pea Accessions According to Heat-Tolerance Levels
2.5. Comparison of Yield Traits between HT and HS Pea Accessions
2.6. Heat Tolerance and Sowing Date Type of Pea Accessions
2.7. Genetic Diversity of the 432 Pea Accessions from HTS1
2.8. Population Genetic Structure of the 432 Pea Accessions from HTS1
3. Discussion
3.1. First Large-Scale Heat-Tolerance Screening of Pea Germplasms
3.2. Analysis of the Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure in Pea Germplasms Using SNaPshot Markers
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials
4.2. Experimental Design for Heat-Tolerance Screenings
4.3. Meteorological Data Collection during Heat-Tolerance Screenings
4.4. Classification Standard for Heat-Tolerance Screenings
- Level 1: 0 ≤ LR1 ≤ 20% and 0 ≤ LR2 ≤ 20%
- Level 2: (0 ≤ LR1 ≤ 20% and 20% < LR2 ≤ 40%) or (20% < LR1 ≤ 40% and 0 ≤ LR2 ≤ 20%)
- Level 3: 20% < LR1 ≤ 40% and 20% < LR2 ≤ 40%
- Level 4: (20% < LR1 ≤ 40% and 40% < LR2 ≤ 60%) or (40% < LR1 ≤ 60% and 20% < LR2 ≤ 4 0%)
- Level 5: 40% < LR1 ≤ 60% and 40% < LR2 ≤ 60%
- Level 6: (40% < LR1 ≤ 60% and 60% < LR2 ≤ 80%) or (60% < LR1 ≤ 80% and 40% < LR2 ≤ 60%)
- Level 7: 60% < LR1 ≤ 80% and 60% < LR2 ≤ 80%
- Level 8: (60% < LR1 ≤ 80% and 80% < LR2 ≤ 100%) or (80% < LR1 ≤ 100% and 60% < LR2 ≤ 80%)
- Level 9: 80% < LR1 ≤ 100% and 80% < LR2 ≤100%.
4.5. SNaPshot Analysis
4.6. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ANOVA | Analysis of variance |
FSR | Field survival rate |
GD | Genetic diversity |
GFR | Grain filling rate |
He | Expected heterozygosity |
HS | Heat-sensitive |
HTS1 | First heat-tolerance screening |
HTS2 | Second heat-tolerance screening |
HTS3 | Third heat-tolerance screening |
LS1 | First stage of late sowing |
LS2 | Second stage of late sowing |
MAF | Main allele frequency |
NA | Allele number |
NG | Genotype number |
NS | Normal sowing |
SNP | Single-nucleotide polymorphism |
SS | Spring-sowing |
PCoA | Principal coordinate analysis |
PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
PIC | Polymorphic information content |
UPGMA | Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means |
WS | Winter-sowing |
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Origin | Accession Number | Sowing Date Type | |
---|---|---|---|
Spring-Sowing | Winter-Sowing | ||
Shaanxi, China | 257 | 5 | 252 |
Inner Mongolia, China | 237 | 236 | 1 |
Qinghai, China | 178 | 178 | |
Hubei, China | 174 | 8 | 166 |
Sichuan, China | 173 | 4 | 169 |
Shanxi, China | 144 | 143 | 1 |
Gansu, China | 117 | 113 | 4 |
Xinjiang, China | 103 | 98 | 5 |
Henan, China | 90 | 48 | 42 |
Guizhou, China | 78 | 6 | 72 |
Anhui, China | 75 | 7 | 68 |
Chongqing, China | 65 | 65 | |
Yunnan, China | 49 | 21 | 28 |
Tibet, China | 41 | 41 | |
Guangxi, China | 37 | 1 | 36 |
Jiangxi, China | 28 | 1 | 27 |
Ningxia, China | 25 | 25 | |
Jiangsu, China | 20 | 3 | 17 |
Hunan, China | 18 | 2 | 16 |
Liaoning, China | 17 | 16 | 1 |
Shanghai, China | 12 | 12 | |
Hebei, China | 11 | 11 | |
Beijing, China | 8 | 5 | 3 |
Guangdong, China | 8 | 4 | 4 |
Taiwan, China | 3 | 3 | |
Zhejiang, China | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Fujian, China | 1 | 1 | |
Heilongjiang, China | 1 | 1 | |
Shandong, China | 1 | 1 | |
Domestic Total | 1973 | 995 | 978 |
United States | 128 | 106 | 22 |
Germany | 46 | 45 | 1 |
United Kingdom | 28 | 17 | 11 |
Nepal | 19 | 18 | 1 |
Bulgaria | 13 | 13 | |
France | 11 | 10 | 1 |
IGARDA | 10 | 10 | |
Japan | 10 | 8 | 2 |
Syria | 9 | 8 | 1 |
Canada | 7 | 7 | |
Russian Federation | 8 | 7 | 1 |
Hungary | 7 | 7 | |
New Zealand | 6 | 6 | |
Australia | 5 | 4 | 1 |
Poland | 5 | 5 | |
Czech | 5 | 5 | |
Turkey | 5 | 4 | 1 |
India | 4 | 4 | |
Denmark | 3 | 3 | |
Chile | 3 | 3 | |
Egypt | 1 | 1 | |
Ethiopia | 1 | 1 | |
Netherlands | 1 | 1 | |
Sudan | 1 | 1 | |
Greece | 1 | 1 | |
Foreign Total | 337 | 292 | 45 |
Unknown | 48 | 37 | 11 |
Spring-Sowing Total | 1324 | ||
Winter-Sowing Total | 1034 | ||
Total | 2358 |
Marker Group | Marker Number | Total NG | Total NA | Mean MAF | Mean GD | Mean He | Mean PIC | Informative Type | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slight | Moderate | High | ||||||||
Ⅰ | 46 | 140 | 94 | 0.705 | 0.371 | 0.155 | 0.293 | 11 (23.9%) | 34 (73.9%) | 1 (2.2%) |
Ⅱ | 20 | 52 | 39 | 0.749 | 0.313 | 0.156 | 0.246 | 7 (35.0%) | 13 (65.0%) | 0 |
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Wang, D.; Yang, T.; Liu, R.; Li, N.; Ahmad, N.; Li, G.; Ji, Y.; Wang, C.; Li, M.; Yan, X.; et al. Large-Scale Heat-Tolerance Screening and Genetic Diversity of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Germplasms. Plants 2022, 11, 2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192473
Wang D, Yang T, Liu R, Li N, Ahmad N, Li G, Ji Y, Wang C, Li M, Yan X, et al. Large-Scale Heat-Tolerance Screening and Genetic Diversity of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Germplasms. Plants. 2022; 11(19):2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192473
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Dong, Tao Yang, Rong Liu, Nana Li, Naveed Ahmad, Guan Li, Yishan Ji, Chenyu Wang, Mengwei Li, Xin Yan, and et al. 2022. "Large-Scale Heat-Tolerance Screening and Genetic Diversity of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Germplasms" Plants 11, no. 19: 2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192473