Effect of Temperature on the Germination of Five Coastal Provenances of Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser, the Most Representative Species of the Mediterranean Forests of South America
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Seed Collection and Preparation
4.2. Germination Experiments
4.3. Trial Design and Statistical Analysis
- Temperature: 18 °C, 22 °C, 26 °C, and 30 °C
- Provenance: Licantén, Las Cañas, Los Ruiles, Curanipe, and Quirihue
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Provenance | Temperature (°C) | Germination Ratio (%) | Germination Energy (%) | Germination Start Day | Average Germination Speed (Seed/Day) | Germination Vigor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Licantén | 18 | 6.7 ± 0.67 d | 6.8 ± 0.33 d | 25.0 ± 0.0 c | 0.1 ± 0.22 c | 0.0 ± 0.0 d |
22 | 52.0 ± 0.01 a | 45.0 ± 2.26 a | 11.0 ± 0.94 a | 1.5 ± 0.07 a | 2.4 ± 0.11 a | |
26 | 32.0 ± 0.01 b | 31.4 ± 1.44 b | 16.0 ± 0.94 b | 0.7 ± 0.03 b | 0.9 ± 0.04 b | |
30 | 20.7 ± 0.67 c | 14.6 ± 0.71 c | 13.0 ± 0.47 ab | 0.6 ± 0.03 b | 0.4 ± 0.02 c | |
Las Cañas | 18 | 10.7 ± 0.54 c | 6.2 ± 0.11 c | 24.3 ± 0.27 b | 0.2 ± 0.01 d | 0.1 ± 0.0 d |
22 | 78.7 ± 0.54 a | 77.1 ± 3.42 a | 12.0 ± 0.94 a | 2.4 ± 0.11 a | 9.1 ± 0.41 a | |
26 | 65.3 ± 0.54 a | 57.5 ± 2.97 a | 10.7 ± 0.72 a | 1.7 ± 0.08 b | 4.0 ± 0.2 b | |
30 | 22.7 ± 0.54 b | 14.0 ± 0.65 b | 12.0 ± 0.47 a | 0.7 ± 0.04 c | 0.6 ± 0.03 c | |
Los Ruiles | 18 | 0.7 ± 0.54 d | 0.7 ± 0.54 d | 0.0 ± 0.0 c | 0.0 ± 0.0 d | 0.0 ± 0.0 d |
22 | 34.0 ± 0.0 a | 31.2 ± 0.0 a | 16.0 ± 0.94 ab | 0.8 ± 0.04 a | 1.3 ± 0.05 a | |
26 | 23.3 ± 0.54 b | 19.3 ± 0.9 b | 21.0 ± 0.94 b | 0.5 ± 0.02 b | 0.5 ± 0.03 b | |
30 | 8.7 ± 0.54 c | 6.7 ± 0.49 c | 14.0 ± 0.47 a | 0.3 ± 0.01 c | 0.2 ± 0.02 c | |
Curanipe | 18 | 8.0 ± 0.94 d | 8.0 ± 0.42 b | 24.3 ± 1.19 b | 0.1 ± 0.01 d | 0.0 ± 0.0 d |
22 | 40.7 ± 0.54 a | 34.6 ± 1.62 a | 12.0 ± 0.47 a | 1.3 ± 0.06 a | 2.3 ± 0.11 a | |
26 | 34.0 ± 0.0 b | 34.0 ± 0.0 a | 13.0 ± 0.47 a | 0.8 ± 0.03 b | 1.3 ± 0.06 b | |
30 | 13.3 ± 0.54 c | 8.1 ± 0.38 b | 14.0 ± 0.47 a | 0.4 ± 0.02 c | 0.2 ± 0.01 c | |
Quirihue | 18 | 11.3 ± 0.54 c | 10.8 ± 0.47 c | 24.0 ± 0.94 b | 0.2 ± 0.02 c | 0.3 ± 0.01 c |
22 | 42.0 ± 0.0 a | 35.4 ± 1.72 a | 10.0 ± 0.47 a | 1.3 ± 0.08 a | 5.2 ± 0.25 a | |
26 | 26.0 ± 0.0 b | 23.3 ± 1.1 b | 13.0 ± 0.47 a | 0.6 ± 0.03 b | 1.7 ± 0.08 b | |
30 | 4.0 ± 0.0 d | 3.8 ± 0.14 d | 12.0 ± 0.47 a | 0.1 ± 0.01 d | 0.1 ± 0.01 d |
Provenance | Latitude | Longitude | Elevation (m a.s.l.) | M.A.T 1 (°C) | M.A.R 2 (mm Year−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Licantén | 34°55′49″ S | 72° 5′11″ W | 403 | 12.5 | 829 |
Las Cañas | 35°27′27″ S | 72°28′11″ W | 165 | 12.9 | 831 |
Los Ruiles | 35°50′2″ S | 72°30′36″ W | 202 | 12.4 | 851 |
Curanipe | 35°51′24″ S | 72°37′13″ W | 129 | 13.1 | 817 |
Quirihue | 36°2′18″ S | 72°36′35″ W | 342 | 12.0 | 898 |
Provenance | Weight of 1000 Seeds (g) | Number of Seeds per Kilogram | Dimerous Seeds | Trimerous Seeds | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length (mm) | Width (mm) | Lenght (mm) | Width (mm) | Thickness (mm) | |||
Licantén | 468.3 ± 0.3 | 2136 ± 10.4 | 17.1 ± 1.8 | 14.2 ± 1.8 | 17.2 ± 0.1 | 10.4 ± 0.1 | 9.7 ± 0.1 |
Las Cañas | 537.5 ± 0.4 | 1861 ± 14.0 | 19.5 ± 0.1 | 12.1 ± 0.2 | 19.0 ± 0.1 | 10.8 ± 0.1 | 9.9 ± 0.1 |
Los Ruiles | 683.7 ± 0.5 | 1463 ± 10.3 | 19.7 ± 1.6 | 13.2 ± 1.8 | 19.6 ± 0.2 | 11.3 ± 0.2 | 11.2 ± 0.1 |
Curanipe | 395.5 ± 0.3 | 2530 ± 9.9 | 19.5 ± 0.3 | 11.3 ± 0.2 | 17.5 ± 0.3 | 10.3 ± 0.1 | 8.2 ± 0.2 |
Quirihue | 379.0 ± 0.4 | 2641 ± 14.9 | 19.3 ± 0.1 | 12.1 ± 0.1 | 18.5 ± 0.2 | 9.7 ± 0.1 | 9.1 ± 0.1 |
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Santelices-Moya, R.E.; González Ortega, M.; Acevedo Tapia, M.; Cartes Rodríguez, E.; Cabrera-Ariza, A.M. Effect of Temperature on the Germination of Five Coastal Provenances of Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser, the Most Representative Species of the Mediterranean Forests of South America. Plants 2022, 11, 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030297
Santelices-Moya RE, González Ortega M, Acevedo Tapia M, Cartes Rodríguez E, Cabrera-Ariza AM. Effect of Temperature on the Germination of Five Coastal Provenances of Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser, the Most Representative Species of the Mediterranean Forests of South America. Plants. 2022; 11(3):297. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030297
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantelices-Moya, Rómulo E., Marta González Ortega, Manuel Acevedo Tapia, Eduardo Cartes Rodríguez, and Antonio M. Cabrera-Ariza. 2022. "Effect of Temperature on the Germination of Five Coastal Provenances of Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser, the Most Representative Species of the Mediterranean Forests of South America" Plants 11, no. 3: 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030297