Long-Term Changes in Macrophyte Distribution and Abundance in a Lowland River
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Macrophyte Survey
2.3. Assessment of Environmental Conditions
2.4. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Water Quality Parameters
3.2. Species Richness and Abundance of Macrophytes
3.3. Changes of Macrophyte Assemblages
3.4. Relationships between Species and Environmental Factors
3.5. Ecological Status
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | pH | Conductivity (μS cm−1) | NO3-N (mg L−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | average | 8.1 | 466 | 1.1 |
S.D. | 0.05 | 12 | 0.1 | |
2000 | average | 7.9 | 509 | 1.0 |
S.D. | 0.2 | 26 | 0.2 | |
2016 | average | 7.8 | 426 | 0.9 |
S.D. | 0.4 | 17 | 0.2 |
Taxon Name | Code Name | Functional Type |
---|---|---|
Berula erecta | Ber ere | HE |
Callitriche spp. | Cal sp | SM |
Elodea canadensis | Elo can | SM |
filamentous algae | Fil alg | FIL |
Fontinalis antipyretica | Fon ant | SM |
Glyceria fluitans | Gly flu | HE |
Hippuris vulgaris | Hip vul | AM |
Iris pseudacorus | Iri pse | HE |
Lemna minor | Lem min | FLH |
Mentha aquatica | Men aqu | AM |
Myosotis scorpioides | Myo sco | AM |
Myriophyllum spicatum | Myr spi | SM |
Nasturtium officinale | Nas off | HE |
Nuphar luteum | Nup lut | FLH |
Potamogeton crispus | Pot cri | SM |
Potamogeton lucens | Pot luc | SM |
Potamogeton natans | Pot nat | FLH |
Potamogeton nodosus | Pot nod | FLH |
Potamogeton perfoliatus | Pot per | SM |
Stuckenia pectinata | Stu pec | SM |
Ranunculus trichophyllus | Ran tri | SM |
Ranunculus circinatus | Ran cir | SM |
Rumex hydrolapathum | Rum hyd | HE |
Sagittaria sagittifolia | Sag sag | AM |
Schoenoplectus lacustris | Sch lac | HE |
Sparganium emersum | Spa eme | AM |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica | Ver ana | AM |
Year | Average RMI, Upper Section: | p | Average RMI, Middle Section: | p | Average RMI, Lower Section: | Changes of RMI along the Course: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | 0.836 | 0.725 n.s. | 0.825 | 0.030 | 0.742 | worst status in lower course |
2000 | 0.74 | 0.653 n.s. | 0.75 | 0.894 n.s. | 0.76 | no significant changes |
2016 | 0.71 | 0.070 n.s. | 0.65 | 0.0003 | 0.78 | best status in lower course |
three years | 0.762 | 0.492 n.s. | 0.745 | 0.439 n.s. | 0.762 | no significant changes |
year 1996 | year 2000 | year 2016 | ||
average RMI: entire course = 0.80 | p = 0.018 | average RMI: entire course = 0.75 | p = 0.151 | average RMI: entire course = 0.72 |
p = 0.004 | ||||
upper = 0.836 | p = 0.001 | upper = 0.71 | ||
middle = 0.825 | p = 0.003 | middle = 0.65 | ||
lower = 0.742 | p = 0.127 | lower = 0.78 |
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Peternel, A.; Gaberščik, A.; Zelnik, I.; Holcar, M.; Germ, M. Long-Term Changes in Macrophyte Distribution and Abundance in a Lowland River. Plants 2022, 11, 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030401
Peternel A, Gaberščik A, Zelnik I, Holcar M, Germ M. Long-Term Changes in Macrophyte Distribution and Abundance in a Lowland River. Plants. 2022; 11(3):401. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030401
Chicago/Turabian StylePeternel, Andrej, Alenka Gaberščik, Igor Zelnik, Matej Holcar, and Mateja Germ. 2022. "Long-Term Changes in Macrophyte Distribution and Abundance in a Lowland River" Plants 11, no. 3: 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030401