Planning Spatial Layout of a Typical Salt Tolerant Forage of Sweet Sorghum in the Yellow River Delta via Considering Resource Constraints, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Economic Benefits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Climate Suitability for Sweet Sorghum
2.2. Spatial Distribution of Soil Suitability for Sweet Sorghum
2.3. Economic Benefit Analysis of Different Crops in the Yellow River Delta
2.4. Fertilizer Utilization Rate in a Typical Agricultural Area of the Yellow River Delta
3. Discussion
3.1. Planting Suitability of Sweet Sorghum
3.2. Comparison of Economic Benefits between Main Crops and Sweet Sorghum in the Yellow River Delta
3.3. Comparative Analysis of Nitrogen Efficiency between Sweet Sorghum and Traditional Cropping Systems
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area
4.2. Data Source
4.3. Climate Suitability for Sweet Sorghum
4.3.1. Temperature Suitability Index
4.3.2. Water Suitability Index
4.3.3. Sunshine Suitability Index
4.3.4. Comprehensive Suitability Index
4.4. Calculation of Fertilizer Utilization
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mode of Fitting | Equation | R2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Linear fitting | y = −0.5077x + 5.3384 | 0.3763 | p < 0.05 |
Polynomial fitting | y = 0.0697x2 − 1.2116x + 6.8317 | 0.4148 | p < 0.05 |
Suitable Level | Suitable Area | Moderately Suitable Area | Less Suitable Area | Not Suitable Area |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ratio of yield to maximum yield (%) | ≥75 | 50–75 | 25–50 | ≤25 |
Soil salt content (‰) | ≤2.62 | 2.62–5.25 | 5.25–7.88 | ≥7.88 |
Crop Species | Degree of Soil Salinity | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non Saline-Alkali | Mildly Saline-Alkali | Moderately Saline-Alkali | Heavily Saline-Alkali | |||||
Input-Output Ratio (%) | Economic Output (CNY/ha) | Input-Output Ratio (%) | Economic Output (CNY/ha) | Input-Output Ratio (%) | Economic Output (CNY/ha) | Input-Output Ratio (%) | Economic Output (CNY/ha) | |
Soybean | 82.78 | 8400 | 71.73 | 7278 | / | / | / | / |
Cotton | 67.55 | 23,265 | 71.72 | 24,703.5 | 57.92 | 19,950 | 43.11 | 14,850 |
Rice | / | / | / | / | 137.46 | 17,598 | 128.87 | 16,500 |
Wheat | 161.52 | 19,407 | 136.03 | 16,041 | 95.17 | 11,223 | / | / |
Maize | 178.06 | 18,859.5 | 161.65 | 17,121 | 158.59 | 16,797 | / | / |
Sweet sorghum | 215.80 | 17,712 | 147.32 | 9723 | 90.41 | 5967 | 74.4 | 4911 |
Developmental Stage | Emergence-Heading | Heading-Flowering | Flowering-Maturity |
---|---|---|---|
Date | From mid-May to mid-July | From mid-July to late August | From late August to early October |
Upper temperature limit/°C | 42 | 42 | 42 |
Lower temperature limit/°C | 11 | 11 | 5.7 |
Optimal temperature/°C | 30 | 30 | 22.5 |
B | 0.63 | 0.63 | 1.16 |
The most suitable sunshine duration | 11 | ||
The upper limit of sunshine duration | 13.6 | ||
Kc | 0.45 | 1.15 | 1.05 |
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Gao, Y.; Shao, C.; Liu, Z.; Sun, Z.; Long, B.; Feng, P. Planning Spatial Layout of a Typical Salt Tolerant Forage of Sweet Sorghum in the Yellow River Delta via Considering Resource Constraints, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Economic Benefits. Plants 2023, 12, 2483. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12132483
Gao Y, Shao C, Liu Z, Sun Z, Long B, Feng P. Planning Spatial Layout of a Typical Salt Tolerant Forage of Sweet Sorghum in the Yellow River Delta via Considering Resource Constraints, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Economic Benefits. Plants. 2023; 12(13):2483. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12132483
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Yinan, Changxiu Shao, Zhen Liu, Zhigang Sun, Buju Long, and Puyu Feng. 2023. "Planning Spatial Layout of a Typical Salt Tolerant Forage of Sweet Sorghum in the Yellow River Delta via Considering Resource Constraints, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Economic Benefits" Plants 12, no. 13: 2483. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12132483