Characterization and Valorization of Maize Landraces from Aosta Valley
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Historical and Phenotypic Characterization of Maize Landraces
2.2. Genetic Characterization of the Accessions
2.3. Cluster Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree
2.4. Population Structure
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Germplasm Acquisition and Historical Characterization
3.2. Experimental Fields and Phenotypic Characterization
3.3. DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification
3.4. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Alleles | Na | Ne | I | Ho | uHe | PIC | F | FIS | FIT | FST | Nm | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
phi076 | 10 | 3.40 | 2.21 | 0.76 | 0.18 | 0.41 | 0.72 | 0.65 | 0.57 | 0.74 | 0.39 | 0.40 |
umc1401 | 7 | 3.40 | 1.97 | 0.84 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.67 | −0.11 | −0.09 | 0.19 | 0.26 | 0.72 |
phi127 | 4 | 2.20 | 1.39 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.48 | −0.11 | −0.28 | 0.53 | 0.63 | 0.15 |
phi031 | 10 | 3.40 | 2.27 | 0.82 | 0.61 | 0.50 | 0.74 | −0.28 | −0.23 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.69 |
umc1075 | 5 | 3.40 | 2.49 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.61 | 0.68 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.10 | 2.13 |
umc1327 | 5 | 3.20 | 2.17 | 0.82 | 0.20 | 0.47 | 0.69 | 0.39 | 0.57 | 0.70 | 0.31 | 0.56 |
phi084 | 6 | 3.40 | 2.34 | 0.85 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.52 | −0.01 | −0.02 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.71 |
umc1786 | 8 | 3.00 | 1.93 | 0.69 | 0.49 | 0.41 | 0.74 | −0.23 | −0.20 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.37 |
p-bnlg176 | 4 | 3.00 | 2.09 | 0.81 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.56 | 0.26 | 0.71 |
umc1941 | 8 | 3.40 | 2.24 | 0.85 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.57 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.39 | 0.30 | 0.58 |
Mean | 6.70 | 3.18 | 2.11 | 0.78 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 0.63 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.70 |
St. dev. | 2.263 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.54 |
Entrebin | 29 | 2.90 | 2.05 | 0.77 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.64 | |
Perloz | 33 | 3.30 | 2.13 | 0.84 | 0.51 | 0.50 | −0.02 | −0.01 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.73 | |
Châtillon | 24 | 2.40 | 1.51 | 0.43 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.35 | 0.76 | 0.64 | 0.14 | |
Arnad | 35 | 3.50 | 2.39 | 0.91 | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.35 | 0.22 | 0.87 | |
Arnad-Crest | 38 | 3.80 | 2.47 | 0.96 | 0.47 | 0.55 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.31 | 0.19 | 1.05 | |
Mean | 31.8 | 3.18 | 2.11 | 0.78 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.69 | |
St. dev. | 5.45 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.34 |
Landrace | Locus | Allele | Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
Entrebin | phi031 | 196 | 0.475 |
Entrebin | umc1786 | 124 | 0.050 |
Entrebin | umc1786 | 144 | 0.075 |
Entrebin | umc1941 | 103 | 0.050 |
Perloz | phi127 | 111 | 0.500 |
Perloz | phi031 | 192 | 0.425 |
Perloz | phi084 | 149 | 0.050 |
Perloz | umc1786 | 130 | 0.375 |
Perloz | umc1941 | 96 | 0.125 |
Perloz | umc1941 | 108 | 0.050 |
Châtillon | phi076 | 142 | 0.125 |
Châtillon | umc1401 | 116 | 0.300 |
Châtillon | phi031 | 205 | 0.025 |
Châtillon | umc1075 | 142 | 0.300 |
Arnad | umc1401 | 138 | 0.031 |
Arnad | phi031 | 172 | 0.031 |
Arnad | phi031 | 209 | 0.031 |
Arnad | phi031 | 224 | 0.219 |
Arnad-Crest | phi076 | 133 | 0.031 |
Arnad-Crest | phi076 | 136 | 0.125 |
Arnad-Crest | phi076 | 144 | 0.094 |
Arnad-Crest | phi076 | 146 | 0.031 |
Arnad-Crest | phi076 | 163 | 0.094 |
Arnad-Crest | umc1401 | 143 | 0.125 |
Arnad-Crest | phi127 | 100 | 0.094 |
Arnad-Crest | phi031 | 189 | 0.063 |
Entrebin | Perloz | Châtillon | Arnad | Arnad-Crest | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.000 | Entrebin | ||||
0.711 | 0.000 | Perloz | |||
0.855 | 1.063 | 0.000 | Châtillon | ||
0.657 | 0.666 | 0.707 | 0.000 | Arnad | |
0.900 | 0.613 | 0.663 | 0.353 | 0.000 | Arnad-Crest |
Entrebin | Perloz | Châtillon | Arnad | Arnad-Crest | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.000 | Entrebin | ||||
0.197 | 0.000 | Perloz | |||
0.326 | 0.343 | 0.000 | Châtillon | ||
0.197 | 0.194 | 0.287 | 0.000 | Arnad | |
0.229 | 0.181 | 0.269 | 0.117 | 0.000 | Arnad-Crest |
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Lezzi, A.; Stagnati, L.; Madormo, F.; Chabloz, D.; Lanubile, A.; Letey, M.; Marocco, A.; Bassignana, M.; Busconi, M. Characterization and Valorization of Maize Landraces from Aosta Valley. Plants 2023, 12, 2674. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142674
Lezzi A, Stagnati L, Madormo F, Chabloz D, Lanubile A, Letey M, Marocco A, Bassignana M, Busconi M. Characterization and Valorization of Maize Landraces from Aosta Valley. Plants. 2023; 12(14):2674. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142674
Chicago/Turabian StyleLezzi, Alessandra, Lorenzo Stagnati, Francesca Madormo, Denise Chabloz, Alessandra Lanubile, Marilisa Letey, Adriano Marocco, Mauro Bassignana, and Matteo Busconi. 2023. "Characterization and Valorization of Maize Landraces from Aosta Valley" Plants 12, no. 14: 2674. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142674