First Report of Fungal Pathogens Causing Leaf Spot on Sorghum–Sudangrass Hybrids and Their Interactions with Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of 3 Pathogenic Fungi
2.2. Morphological Identification
2.3. Phylogenetic Tree Analysis
2.4. Effect of Different Light on the Growth of the Test Strains
2.5. Effect of Different Temperatures on the Growth of the Test Strains
2.6. Effect of Different Media on the Growth of the Test Strains
2.7. Effect of pH on the Growth of the Test Strains
2.8. Effect of Pathogenic Fungi on Plant Metabolism
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Collection and Fungal Isolation
4.2. Pathogenicity Test
4.3. Morphological Identification
4.4. Molecular Identification and Phylogentic Analysis
4.5. Effect of Photoperiod on the Growth of the Test Strains
4.6. Effect of Temperature on the Growth of the Test Strains
4.7. Effect of Different Media on the Growth of the Test Strains
4.8. Effect of pH on the Growth of the Test Strains
4.9. Induced Spore Production Test
4.10. Metabolomics Analysis
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Number of Rhizomes (Root) | Root Bulk Density (cm3) | Plant Height (cm) | Root Length (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SCBZSL1 | 10.99 ± 0.56 b | 1.42 ± 0.58 b | 104.63 ± 0.34 a | 8.76 ± 0.75 a |
SCBZSX5 | 8.19 ± 0.88 c | 1.21 ± 0.49 b | 84.29 ± 0.66 b | 6.37 ± 0.46 b |
SCBZSW6 | 11.43 ± 0.64 a | 4.88 ± 0.54 a | 105.53 ± 0.49 a | 8.95 ± 0.38 a |
Control | 12.89 ± 0.76 a | 4.97 ± 0.37 a | 113.57 ± 3.75 a | 9.33 ± 0.58 a |
Species | Accession Numbers 1,2 | Host | Locality | GenBank Accession Numbers 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | TUB2 | ACT | LSU | |||||
SCBZSL1 | N. aurantiaca | LC 7302 | Nelumbo sp. (leaf) | China | KX986064 | KY019465 | - | KX986098 |
N. camelliae-sinensis | LC 2710 | Castanopsis sp. | China | KX985957 | KY019484 | - | - | |
N. chinensis | LC 2696 | Lindera aggregata | China | KX985947 | KY019474 | - | - | |
N. guilinensis | LC 7301 | Nelumbo sp. (stem) | China | KX986063 | KY019459 | - | - | |
N. hainanensis | LC 6979 | Musa paradisiaca (leaf) | China | KX986079 | KY019586 | - | - | |
N. lacticolonia | LC 3324 | Camellia sinensis | China | KX985978 | KY019458 | - | KX986105 | |
N. musae | CBS 319.34 * | Musa paradisiaca (leaf) | Australia | KX986076 | KY019455 | - | - | |
N. oryzae | LC 6759 | Oryza sativa | China | KX986054 | KY019572 | - | - | |
N. osmanthi | LC 4350 | Osmanthus sp. | China | KX986010 | MK263673 | - | - | |
N. pyriformis | LC 4669 | Castanopsis sp. | China | KX986027 | KY019549 | - | - | |
N. rubi | LC 2698 | Rubus sp. | China | KX985948 | KY019475 | - | KX986102 | |
N. sphaerica | - | Tamarind (leaf) | Malaysia | MT043803 | MN719407 | - | - | |
N. zimmermanii | CBS 167.26 | - | China | KY385308 | MT820147 | - | - | |
SCBZSX5 | C. brevisporum | CBS 512.75 | Carica papaya | Australia | MG600761 | MG601029 | MG600966 | - |
C. boninense | CBS 123755 | Schefflera heptaphylla | China | KM520014 | MK967343 | OM102984 | - | |
C. cattleyicola | CBS 170.49 * | Cattleya sp. | Belgium | MG600758 | MG601026 | MG600963 | - | |
C. cliviicola | CBS 125375 * | Clivia miniata | China | MG600733 | MG601000 | MG600939 | - | |
C. cacao | CBS 119297 * | Theobroma cacao | Costa Rica | MG600772 | MG601039 | MG600976 | - | |
C. panamense | CBS 125386 * | Merremia umbellata | Panama | MG600766 | MG601033 | MG600970 | - | |
C. plurivorum | CBS 125474 | Abelmoschus esculentus | Japan | MG600727 | MG600990 | MG600933 | - | |
C. excelsum—altitudinum | CGMCC 3.15130 * | Bletilla ochracea | China | HM751815 | JX625211 | KC843548 | - | |
C. lobatum | IMI 79736 * | Piper catalpaefolium | Trinidad and Tobago | MG600768 | MG601035 | MG600972 | - | |
C. orchidearum | CBS 135131 | Cymbidium hookerianum | China | HM585402 | MG601007 | MG600946 | - | |
C. okinawense | CBS 143246 | Carica papaya | Japan | MG600767 | MG601034 | MG600971 | - | |
C. sojae | CBS H 21495 | Glycine max | Iran | MG600755 | MG601022 | MG600960 | - | |
C. dracaeneophilum | CBS 119360 | Dracaena sanderana | China | MG600711 | MG600978 | MG600918 | - | |
C. tropicicola | CBS 133174 | Citrus sp. | Mexico | MG600716 | MG600983 | MG600923 | - | |
SCBZSW6 | D. aeria | CGMCC 3.18353 | - | China | KY742205 | KY742293 | - | KY742051 |
D. aquatica | CGMCC 3.18349 | - | China | KY742209 | KY742297 | - | KY742055 | |
D. boeremae | CBS 109942 | Medicago littoralis | Australia | FJ426982 | FJ427097 | - | GU238048 | |
D. chenopodii | CBS 128.93 | - | The Netherlands | GU237775 | GU237591 | - | GU238055 | |
D. coffeae-arabicae | CBS 123380 | Coffea arabica | Ethiopia | FJ426993 | FJ427104 | - | GU238005 | |
D. corylicola | CBS 146357 | Corylus avellana | Italy | MN954288 | MN958331 | - | MN954299 | |
D. maydis | CBS 588.69 | Zea mays | USA | FJ427086 | FJ427190 | - | EU754192 | |
D. nigricans | CBS 444.81 | - | The Netherlands | GU237867 | GU237558 | - | GU238000 | |
D. sinensis | LC 8142 | - | China | KY742241 | KY742329 | - | KY742087 | |
D. suiyangensis | LC 8144 | - | China | KY742244 | KY742332 | - | KY742332 | |
D. maydis | CBS 588.69 | Zea mays | USA | FJ427086 | FJ427190 | - | EU754192 |
Item | Treatments | SCBZSL1 | SCBZSX5 | SCBZSW6 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Different light regimes (h) | 24 h/0 | - | 3.770 ± 0.028 a | - |
0 h/24 | - | 4.735 ± 0.064 b | - | |
12 h/12 | - | 4.250 ± 0.004 c | - | |
Different pH | 5 | - | 5.156 ± 0.078 a | - |
7 | - | 4.305 ± 0.132 bc | - | |
9 | - | 4.054 ± 0.062 c | - | |
11 | - | - | - | |
Different temperature (°C) | 5 | - | 4.074 ± 0.033 a | - |
10 | - | - | - | |
15 | - | 4.537 ± 0.052 b | - | |
20 | - | - | - | |
25 | - | 4.785 ± 0.022 c | - | |
30 | - | 4.650 ± 0.070 bc | - | |
35 | - | - | - | |
Different media | PDA | - | 4.843 ± 0.064 a | - |
C | - | - | - | |
OA | - | - | - | |
PSA | - | 4.081 ± 0.023 b | - | |
MEA | - | - | - |
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Li, J.; Xu, J.; Wang, H.; Wu, C.; Zheng, J.; Zhang, C.; Han, Y. First Report of Fungal Pathogens Causing Leaf Spot on Sorghum–Sudangrass Hybrids and Their Interactions with Plants. Plants 2023, 12, 3091. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173091
Li J, Xu J, Wang H, Wu C, Zheng J, Zhang C, Han Y. First Report of Fungal Pathogens Causing Leaf Spot on Sorghum–Sudangrass Hybrids and Their Interactions with Plants. Plants. 2023; 12(17):3091. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173091
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Junying, Jingxuan Xu, Hongji Wang, Changfeng Wu, Jiaqi Zheng, Chaowen Zhang, and Yuzhu Han. 2023. "First Report of Fungal Pathogens Causing Leaf Spot on Sorghum–Sudangrass Hybrids and Their Interactions with Plants" Plants 12, no. 17: 3091. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173091