The Genus Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Transbaikal Area (Russia, Siberia): Description of Seven New Species on the Basis of Morphology and Molecular Data with Discussion of the Phylogenetic Position of Caloneis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Morphology and Ultrastructure
P. microfrauenbergiana sp. nov. | P. frauenbergiana | P. bullacostae | P. pinseelliana | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Outline | narrowly elliptical | linear elliptic-lanceolate with weakly convex sides | linear with parallel up to slightly concave sides | narrowly lanceolate with weakly but still markedly convex, never parallel margins |
Ends | rounded | evenly tapered and not differentiated | broadly cuneiform rounded | non- to weakly protracted, never capitate nor rostrate, broadly rounded |
Length, μm | 20–25 | 17–34 | 33–34 | 24–30 |
Width, μm | 4.5–5 | 4.3–4.8 | 5.8–6.7 | 4.5–5.5 |
Striae in 10 μm | 14–15 | 18–22 | 15 | 13–15 |
Raphe | weakly lateral, filiform | filiform | narrow, lateral | lateral, with straight to weakly curved branches |
Axial area | narrowly lanceolate, widening towards the central area | broadly lanceolate | narrow | narrow near the apices, gradually but distinctly widening towards the central area |
Central area | represented by a wide transverse fascia | represented by a wide transverse fascia | small fascia | wedge-shaped (rarely rectangular) fascia |
References | This study | [38,44] | [38,43] | [42] |
2.2. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.2.1. Phylogeny of the Genera Pinnularia and Caloneis
2.2.2. Morphological Features of Some Phylogenetical Groups
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sampling
4.2. Culturing
4.3. Preparation of Slides and Microscope Investigation
4.4. Molecular Study
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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P. baicalgenkalii sp. nov. | P. genkalii | P. ilkaschoenfilderi | P. reichardtii | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Outline | elliptic with parallel sides | linear | linear | linear |
Ends | broadly rounded | cuneiform rounded | cuneate and broadly rounded | linear cuneate rounded |
Length, μm | 92–99 | 75–130 | 75–105 | 72–130 |
Width, μm | 19.5–20 | 17–20 | 13.4–17 | 14.7–18.8 |
Striae in 10 μm | 6 | 6–7 | 6–7 | 8–9 |
Raphe | complex, undulate | semicomplex to broadly complex | broadly complex | broadly semicomplex |
Axial area | linear, narrow | linear, narrow 1/5 width of the valve | linear 1/5–1/3 the width of the valve | linear 1/4–1/3 the width of the valve |
Central area | small, asymmetrically elliptic | slight asymmetrically | large, roundish | small, asymmetrically rounded |
References | This study | [38] | [38] | [38] |
P. baicalflexuosa sp. Nov. | P. neglectiformis Pin706F | P. neglectiformis | P. torta | P. flexuosa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outline | linear with parallel sides | linear, sides parallel to slightly convex or triundulate | linear, sides parallel to slightly convex or triundulate | linear | linear, sides parallel |
Ends | broadly rounded | rounded to cuneiform rounded | rounded to cuneiform rounded | broadly rounded | broadly rounded |
Length, μm | 109–116 | 101.4–109.2 | 80–130 | 127.5–189 | 173–270 |
Width, μm | 17.5–19 | 18–19 | 16–20 | 20–24 | 32–50 |
Striae in 10 μm | 7–8 | 7.9–8.3 | 8–9 | 6–7 | 4–5 |
Raphe | semicomplex, undulate | semicomplex | semicomplex | semicomplex | semicomplex to complex |
Axial area | linear, narrow | linear 1/5–1/4 width of valve | linear 1/5–1/4 width of valve | linear, near 1/4 width of valve | linear 1/4 to 1/3 width of valve |
Central area | small, asymmetrically elliptic | a little wider than the axial area, roundish or irregular | a little wider than the axial area, roundish or irregular | asymmetrical, rhombic-round, 1/3–1/2 width of valve | a slight widening of the axial area, asymmetrical |
References | This study | [39] | [38] | [40,41] | [38] |
Species, Strains | Outline | Ends | Valve Length, μm | Valve Width, μm | Striae in 10 μm | Raphe | Axial Area | Central Area | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. pergrunowii sp. nov. B162 | linear, sides concave | capitate | 49.5–51 | 8.0–8.5 | 10–11 | straight, filiform | linear, narrow, widening towards the central area | wide transverse fascia | This study |
P. anglica | linear, sides straight | distinctly small subcapitate | 30–70 | 10–13 | 9–11 | filiform, key and slot | linear, narrow | rhombic, irregular or a moderatly broad fascia | [38] |
P. mesolepta AT_160Gel30 | linear, triundulate | rostrate | 43.8–46.1 | 8.3–8.9 | 11–13 | lateral, key and slot raphe | narrow, slightly lanceolate | rhombic, asymmetrical fascia | [46] |
P. grunowii Pin 889 MG | linear, triundulate | capitate | 41.1–42.7 | 7.7–8.1 | 12.2–13.8 | straight, filiform | linear, narrow | rhombic, fascia | [39] |
P. termitina UTEX FD484 | n/d | n/d | n/d | n/d | n/d | n/d | n/d | n/d | https://utex.org/products/utex-lb-fd-0484 (accessed on 25 September 2023) |
P. termitina | linear, triundulate | subcapitate | 31–57 | 4.5–5.5 | 11–15 | straight, filiform | linear, narrow | rhombic, wide fascia | [41] |
P. rhombofasciata | linear | capitate | 56–64 | 9–9.4 | 9–10 | straight, filiform | linear, narrow | rhombic, fascia | [47] |
P. ferrophila | linear, triundulate to biundulate | broadly capitate to flatly rounded | 30–62 | 8.8–10 | 9–10 | moderately lateral | 1/4–1/5 of the width of the valve | very large, rhombic fascia | [38] |
P. dicephala | linear | broadly capitate | 44–50 | 6–6.7 | 10–11 | lateral, weakly undulate | 1/3 of the width of the valve expanded towards the center | rhombic-round, wide fascia | [40] |
P. latarea | linear, sides concave | capitate with narrow neck and broad shoulders | 35–64 | 8–10 | 9–11 | narrowly, lateral | form together a wide, lanceolate space with a very broad fascia | [38,48] |
P. siberiosinistra sp. nov. | P. sinistra | P. sp. (Tor4)r | |
---|---|---|---|
Outline | narrowly elliptical | linear with slightly convex, more rarely straight or weakly concave sides | linear with weakly undulate sides |
Ends | subcapitate | indistinctly differentiated and broadly protracted | subcapitate |
Length, μm | 25–29 | 17–52 | 42.6 |
Width, μm | 5 | 4–6.5 | 5.8 |
Striae in 10 μm | 12–14 | 11–13 (14) | 12.4 |
Raphe | straight, filiform | filiform, somewhat lateral in large specimens | straight, filiform |
Axial area | narrowly lanceolate and widening towards the central area | linear, in large individuals lanceolate | lanceolate and widening towards the central area |
Central area | presented by a wide transverse fascia | an often slightly asymmetric fascia | presented by a wide transverse fascia |
References | This study | [38,49] | [39] |
P. baicalodivergens sp. nov. B112 | P. baicalodivergens sp. nov. B097 | P. divergens var. media | P. microstauron var. microstauron | P. submicrostauron | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outline | linear | linear | linear | linear | linear |
Ends | subcapitate rounded | subcapitate rounded | subcapitate rounded | broadly rostrate and wedge-shaped | rostrate rounded |
Length, μm | 46–50 | 43.5–50 | 40–70 | 30–78(100) | 37–45 |
Width, μm | 8–9 | 8.4–9.4 | 10–13 | 10–12.4 | 8–9 |
Striae in 10 μm | 11–12 | 11–12 | 10–11 | 9–11(15) | 12–13 |
Raphe | straight, filiform | straight, filiform | straight, filiform | straight, filiform | lateral |
Axial area | linear, narrow, widening towards the central area | linear, narrow, widening towards the central area | linear, narrow (1/3), widening towards the central area | linear, narrow | linear |
Central area | asymmetric transverse fascia | asymmetric transverse fascia | rhombic-round, fascia | asymmetric transverse fascia, often absent | rhombic-round, fascia |
References | This study | This study | [38,48,50] | [38,40] | [40] |
Species, Strains | Outline | Ends | Valve Length, μm | Valve Width, μm | Striae in 10 μm | Raphe | Axial Area | Central Area | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. baicalislandica sp. nov. | linear | broadly rounded | 54–60 | 10–11 | 10 | straight, filiform | linear, narrow | asymmetric, rhomboid | This study |
P. subcomutata | linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, sides slightly convex | broadly rounded | 32–83 | 10–13.4 | 9–12 | lateral | linear, narrow (1/5) | roundish-rhombic or orbicular, simefascia 1–2 striae on one side are absent | [38] |
P. subcomutata var. nonfasciata | linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, sides slightly convex | broadly rounded | 32–83 | 10.0–13.4 | 9–12 | lateral | linear, narrow (1/5) | roundish-rhombic or orbicular, without fascia | [38] |
P. islandica | linear-elliptic | broadly rounded | 48–84 | 12–14 | 9–10 | lateral, moderately broad | up to 1/3 the width of the valve | rhombic to irregular roundish, sometimes crescent-like markings are present | [38] |
P. rupestris | linear-elliptic | broadly rounded | 40–90 | 9–12.4 | 12–13 | lateral narrow to moderately broad | up to 1/4 the width of the valve | round to elongated-elliptic | [38,43] |
P. levkovii | linear to linear-elliptic | broadly rounded | 36–60 | 8–10 | 8–10 | narrowly lateral | 1/4 the width of the valve extended towards a central area | variably shaped, narrowly | [51] |
P. perspicua | linear | broadly cuneate, rounded | 40–65 | 13–15 | 8–11 | lateral, moderately broad | linear 1/5–1/4 the width of the valve | rhomboidal with weakly developed crescent-like markings | [38,50,51] |
Clade | Subclade | Internal Alveoli Aperture | Markings on the Valve Surface | Fascia | Raphe System | Chloroplasts Form |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | “divergens” | nearly open | none or crescent-shaped or irregular hollow markings on the external surface | + | lateral | two plate-like |
“stomatophora” | nearly open | crescent-shaped or irregular hollow markings on the external surface * | + | lateral | two plate-like | |
Caloneis lauta | n/d | no | + | fusiform | two plate-like | |
“caloneis1” | nearly closed | none or not confirmed on the voucher images | +/− | fusiform | two plate-like/H-shaped in C. silicula | |
“caloneis2” | n/d | n/d | n/d | n/d | n/d | |
B | “subgibba” | partially closed | ghost striae on the internal surface of the central area ** | + | lateral | two plate-like |
“nodosa” | nearly open | heavily structured by a relief-like structure on the outer surface | + | lateral | two plate-like | |
“grunowii” | nearly open | no | + | lateral or fusiform | H-shaped | |
“acrosphaeria” | nearly closed | mottled, wart-like structures on outer surfaces and slightly structured on inner surfaces | - | lateral | two plate-like | |
C | “viridiformis” | partially closed | no | - | complex or semicomplex | two plate-like |
P. substreptoraphe AT 70.09 | partially closed | no | - | complex | two plate-like | |
P. acuminata Pin876 TM | n/d | no | - | lateral | two plate-like | |
“subcommutata” | partially closed | no | - | lateral | H-shaped | |
P. sp. 4 (Wie)a | n/d | no | - | lateral | H-shaped | |
P. altiplanensis Tor11b | n/d | no | + | fusiform | H-shaped | |
P. brebissonii UTEX FD274 P. cf. microstauron (B2)c Caloneis budensis | partially closed | no | + | lateral/ fusiform | H-shaped/ two plate-like | |
“borealis” | nearly open | no | −/+ | lateral or fusiform | two plate-like | |
“caloneis 3” | nearly open | no | - | fusiform | two plate-like |
Strains | Slide No | Sample Locality | Collection of Date | Coordinates | t (°C) | pH | Cond. (μS cm−1) | Substrate | GenBank Accession Number, rbcL, Partial | GenBank Accession Number, SSU rDNA, Partial |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. baicalogenkalii B194 | 19179 | Russia, Kapustinskaja River, flowing into Lake Baikal, near to the cape Tolstoj, sample no 34 | 17 July 2011 | 52°38.484′ N 107°23.218′ E | 9.5 | 6.9 | 61 | benthos | KM350002 | KM350092 |
P. baicaloflexuosa B054–3 | 18959 | Russia, Selenga River, near the Brjansk Village, sample no 40 | 19 July 2011 | 52°03.376′ N 106°52.672′ E | 25 | 7.9 | 202 | benthos | KM349984 | KM350068 |
P. microfrauenbergiana B025 | 18931 | Russia, Vydrinnaja River, sample no 51.1 | 20 July 2011 | 51°29.383′ N 104°50.986′ E | 7 | n/d | 14 | periphyton | KM349979 | KM350062 |
P. pergrunowii B162–3 | 18989 | Russia, Bolshaya Suhaya River near to the Zarech’e Settlement, sample no 28.2 | 17 July 2011 | 52°33.418′ N 107°08.564′ E | 15.4 | 6.1 | 63 | benthos | KM349996 | KM350084 |
P. siberiosinistra B024–1 | 18930 | Russia, Vydrinnaja River, sample no 51.1 | 20 July 2011 | 51°29.383′ N 104°50.986′ E | 7 | n/d | 14 | periphyton | KM 349978 | KM 350061 |
P. baicalodivergens B112 | 19170 | Russia, unnamed Bay in 8 km from Jenhaluk, sample no 4.5 | 14 July 2011 | 52°27.042′ N 106°53.215′ E | 25 | 7.5 | 295 | benthos | KM349992 | KM350078 |
P. baicalodivergens B097 | 19248 | KM349990 | KM350075 | |||||||
P. baicalislandica B238 | 18997 | Russia, Zagza River, sample no 11.2 | 15 July 2011 | 52°31.656′ N 107°05.114′ E | 14 | 8.5 | 40 | periphyton | KM350009 | KM350101 |
P. sp., B027–1 | 19223 | Russia, Vydrinnaja River, sample no 51.1 | 20 July 2011 | 51°29.383′ N 104°50.986′ E | 7 | n/d | 14 | periphyton | KM349981 | KM350064 |
P. parvulissima B028 | 19222 | Russia, Vydrinnaja River, sample no 51.1 | 20 July 2011 | 51°29.383′ N 104°50.986′ E | 7 | n/d | 14 | periphyton | KM349982 | KM350065 |
P. sp., B026–1 | 18941 | KM349980 | KM350063 | |||||||
P. subgibba var. sublinearis B296–1 | 18922 | Russia, Zagza River, sample no 11.2 | 15 July 2011 | 52°31.656′ N 107°05.114′ E | 14 | 8.5 | 40 | periphyton | KM350013 | KM350110 |
C. fontinalis strain B182 | 19015 | Russia, Kapustinskaja River, flowing into Lake Baikal, near to the cape Tolstoj, sample no 34 | 17 July 2011 | 52°38.484′ N 107°23.218′ E | 9.5 | 6.9 | 61 | benthos | KM349999 | KM350087 |
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Kulikovskiy, M.; Glushchenko, A.; Kezlya, E.; Kuznetsova, I.; Kociolek, J.P.; Maltsev, Y. The Genus Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Transbaikal Area (Russia, Siberia): Description of Seven New Species on the Basis of Morphology and Molecular Data with Discussion of the Phylogenetic Position of Caloneis. Plants 2023, 12, 3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203552
Kulikovskiy M, Glushchenko A, Kezlya E, Kuznetsova I, Kociolek JP, Maltsev Y. The Genus Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Transbaikal Area (Russia, Siberia): Description of Seven New Species on the Basis of Morphology and Molecular Data with Discussion of the Phylogenetic Position of Caloneis. Plants. 2023; 12(20):3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203552
Chicago/Turabian StyleKulikovskiy, Maxim, Anton Glushchenko, Elena Kezlya, Irina Kuznetsova, John Patrick Kociolek, and Yevhen Maltsev. 2023. "The Genus Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Transbaikal Area (Russia, Siberia): Description of Seven New Species on the Basis of Morphology and Molecular Data with Discussion of the Phylogenetic Position of Caloneis" Plants 12, no. 20: 3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203552